Qia qog ua rau mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 tau muab rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib

Hauv ntiaj teb muaj kwv yees li ntawm 422 lab tus tib neeg muaj mob ntshav qab zib, 10% ntawm lawv muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, uas lub nruab zog tiv thaiv cov kabmob ntshav ua tsis zoo ua rau lub hlwb txiav ua lub luag haujlwm rau insulin ntau lawm. Tau ntau dua 15 lub xyoos, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev siv qia hlwb los hloov lawv, tab sis lub ntsiab ntawm lub hom phiaj no yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom lawv ua haujlwm hauv lub cev.

California-based Viacyte tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom dhau qhov kev nyuaj no. Qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm daim npav rho nyiaj, PEC-Direct ntaus ntawv muaj cov qia hlwb uas tuaj yeem loj hauv tib neeg lub cev mus rau islet cell, uas raug rhuav tshem cov ntshav qab zib hom 1.

Piv txwv, muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm caj npab, piv txwv, thiab yuav tsum tau them rov qab rau qhov tsis muaj islet hlwb los ntawm kev tso cov tshuaj insulin nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau qhov nce siab hauv ntshav qab zib. Txhaum ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov cog, qhov no yuav raug hu ua kev kho kom haumxeeb, vim hais tias kev kho ntawm qhov laj thawj yuav tsum hais ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem autoimmune, thiab cov qia hlwb hauv qhov no them rau islet deficiency.

Kev tswj ntshav qab zib

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cuab yeej zoo sib xws nrog cov cell tsawg dua tau kuaj hauv 19 cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib. Tom qab cog, lub hauv paus txheej txheem muab tso rau hauv lub cuab yeej matured mus rau islet hlwb, tab sis hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlwb tsis txaus rau kev kho tau siv.

PEC-Direct tau tam sim no muab rau ob tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm tus neeg raug cog lus nyob rau yav tom ntej ze. Qhov pores ntawm daim ntaub sab nraud ntawm lub cuab yeej tso cai rau cov hlab ntshav tawm sab hauv, muab cov ntshav mus rau cov islet cell cov kab mob ua ntej.

Nws cia siab tias cov hlwb matured tom qab li 3 lub hlis yuav tuaj yeem teb cov ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev tso tawm insulin ntawm kev thov. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib nres nres tas li saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib thiab txhaj tshuaj insulin. Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj cov kab mob tshiab txawv teb chaws los ntawm cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yav tom ntej, yog tias hom no ua haujlwm, txoj hauv kev los kho tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 yuav hloov tag nrho. Kwv yees li 20 xyoo dhau los, lawv tau pib siv cov qauv zoo sib xws, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov cov ntshav pub ntawm cov txiav, uas ua tiav cov neeg xav tau cov tshuaj insulin. Tab sis vim tsis muaj cov neeg pub nyiaj tsawg, tsuas muaj tsawg tus neeg mob tuaj yeem txais hom kev kho mob no.

Nws tsis muaj qhov nyuaj rau kev tau txais cov qia hlwb. Lawv tau thawj zaug tau los ntawm cov embryo spare ntawm tus poj niam uas underwent IVF. Embryonic hlwb tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj tus lej tsis paub, yog li ntawd, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev cog qoob loo, hom no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv txhua tus neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1.

James Shapiro, tus koom tes nrog Viacyte ntawm txoj haujlwm no, "Nws kuj tau tshawb pom tias txiav txim siab hloov raum tsis txaus siv xyoo dhau los lawm"

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, ntshav qab zib, ntshav qab zib mellitus (los ntawm Greek 6, _3, ^ 5, 6, ^ 2, `4, _1,` 2, - "tso zis ntau dhau") (raws li ICD-10 - E10-E14) - cov pab pawg endocrine cov kab mob hauv lub cev ua rau lub cev muaj cov ntshav qabzib nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav vim tsis muaj ntshav qab zib (ntshav qab zib 2, insulin-tiv thaiv, raws li ICD-10 - E10) lossis txheeb ze (ntshav qab zib 2, tsis-insulin-raws, raws li ICD-10 - E11) pancreatic hormone tsis txaus ntawm insulin.

Ntshav qab zib yog ua ke los ntawm ib qho kev ua txhaum txhua hom metabolism: carbohydrate, protein, rog, ntxhia pob zeb thiab dej-ntsev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm cov kab mob plawv, mob raum tsis ua haujlwm, kev puas tsuaj rau retina, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, erectile kawg.

Nyem thiab qhia cov lus nrog koj cov phooj ywg:

Cov tsos mob ci ntsa iab ntawm cov ntshav qab zib yog nqhis dej (DM 1 thiab DM 2), tsis hnov tsw ntawm acetone los ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab acetone hauv cov zis (DM 1), txo qhov hnyav (DM 1, nrog DM 2 nyob rau theem tom ntej), nrog rau kev tso zis ntau dhau, kho tsis zoo qhov txhab mob, ceg mob rwj.

Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tas mus li yog cov ntshav qabzib ntau nyob rau hauv cov zis (cov piam thaj hauv cov zis, glucosuria, glycosuria), ketones hauv cov zis, acetone hauv cov zis, acetonuria, ketonuria), muaj qee yam protein tsawg hauv cov zis (albuminuria, proteinuria) thiab hematuria (occult ntshav, hemoglobin) , ntshav liab nyob hauv cov zis). Ntxiv rau, pH ntawm cov zis nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus feem ntau hloov mus rau sab acidic.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, hom ntshav qab zib hom 1, (insulin-tiv thaiv tub rog, tub rog hluas) yog tus kabmob autoimmune ntawm endocrine system yam ntxwv tsis insulin tsis txaus, vim tias qhov ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog, rau cov laj thawj tsis meej hnub no, tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem hlwb pancreatic beta hlwb uas tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Ntshav Qab Zib 1 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg ntawm lub hnub nyoog twg, tab sis tus kab mob feem ntau loj hlob hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas thiab cov neeg laus hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo.

Cell encapsulation

Cell encapsulation yog thev naus laus zis ua rau lub hlwb siv cov roj ntsha uas siv ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv uas tso cai bi-directional diffusion ntawm oxygen molecules, kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tsim nyog rau cell metabolism, nrog rau sab nraud diffusion ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuaj kho. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cell encapsulation yog kom kov yeej kev tsis kam hloov mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab yog li txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntev tom qab hloov khoom nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij mos.

Ntuj polymers alginates, vim tias lawv muaj nyob, biocompatibility zoo thiab muaj peev xwm yooj yim biodegrad (biodegradation), niaj hnub no suav hais tias yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog rau ib daim nyias nyias ntawm daim nyias nyias.

Encapsulation ntawm cov hlwb hauv alginate gels, uas yog siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, hais txog cov txheej txheem mos ntawm immobilization - cov hlwb tseem muaj sia nyob thiab tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem polyenzymatic. Qhov zoo ntawm alginate gel yog qhov tseeb hais tias cov hlwb muaj peev xwm nce nyob hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, alginate gels muaj peev xwm ua kom yaj nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab pH, uas tso cai rau kev cais tawm ntawm cov hlwb ua haujlwm thiab pab txhawb kev kawm ntawm lawv lub zog.

Sau ntawv

Cov lus ceeb toom thiab cov lus qhia meej rau cov xov xwm "Encapsulated hlwb hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 1."

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob - ib qho kab ke hauv cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij ua haujlwm uas tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob, txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob thiab cov qog ntshav. Lub nruab zog tiv thaiv kab mob paub txog ntau yam pathogens - los ntawm cov kab mob mus rau cov cab cab, cais tau lawv los ntawm biomolecules ntawm lawv tus kheej lub hlwb. Qhov ua rau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 yog, rau cov laj thawj tsis meej niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov leeg ntshav pib pib txhim kho hauv tib neeg lub cev, rhuav tshem lawv.
Beta ntawm tes, ^ 6, -Cell - ib hom ntawm cov hlwb ntawm endocrine feem ntawm lub txiav. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav yog tswj lub hauv paus theem ntawm cov tshuaj insulin hauv cov ntshav, kom ntseeg tau sai sai ntawm presynthesized insulin, nrog rau nws cov kev tsim, nrog qhov nce siab hauv cov ntshav qabzib. Kev puas tsuaj thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav yog qhov ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm ob tus thawj (hom ntshav qab zib 1, tshuaj insulin-tiv thaiv) thiab tus thib ob (hom ntshav qab zib 2, tsis-insulin-kev cuam tshuam).
Quav dev - ib qho khoom nruab nrog plab zom mov, lub caj pas loj nrog intracretory thiab exocrine ua haujlwm. Lub exocrine muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub txiav yog lub tso pa tawm ntawm kua txiv pancreatic uas muaj cov enzymes digestive. Los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones (suav nrog insulin), tus txiav yuav siv ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev cai ntawm cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrate metabolism.
Cov tshuaj insulin, insulin yog protein ntau ntawm peptide xwm, uas tau tsim hauv beta hlwb ntawm pancreatic islets ntawm Langerhans. Cov tshuaj insulin muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov metabolism hauv yuav luag txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, thaum nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qis (tswj hwm li qub) piam thaj (ntshav qab zib) hauv cov ntshav. Cov tshuaj Insulin kuj nce permeability ntawm plasma membranes rau cov piam thaj, ua kom cov ntshav glycolysis tseem ceeb, txhawb kev tsim cov glycogen hauv daim siab thiab cov leeg nqaij los ntawm cov piam thaj, thiab txhim kho cov synthesis ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog. Ntxiv rau, insulin inhibits kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes uas zom cov rog thiab glycogen.
Glycemia, “Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav”, “ntshav qab zib” (los ntawm cov Greek yav dhau los ^ 7, _5, `5, _4, a3,` 2, “qab zib” thiab ^ 5, O91, _6, ^ 5, “ntshav”) - ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg (homeostasis). Qib ntawm glycemia (ntshav qab zib) nyob ntawm qhov mob ntawm tib neeg lub cev, hnub nyoog, tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li kev noj mov, kev ntxhov siab, lwm yam, txawm li cas los xij, hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, ib txwm rov los rau qee thaj tsam.
Pancreatic hlwb, islets of Langerhans - tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tsim (endocrine), feem ntau hauv tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cov txiav. Muaj tsib hom hlwb pancreatic: Alpha cell muab cov kab mob glucagon (lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob), Beta hlwb tso cov tshuaj insulin (siv cov protein kom tau txais cov ntshav qabzib rau lub cev lub cev, ua kom lub zog ntawm glycogen hauv lub siab thiab cov leeg, inhibiting gluconeogenesis), Delta- cov hlwb zais somatostatin (tiv thaiv zais lub qog ntawm ntau cov qog), PP hlwb ua pa rau pancreatic polypeptide (tiv thaiv kev zais ntawm cov txiav thiab ua rau lub plab zom cov kua txiv) thiab Epsilon hlwb, secreting ghrelin (txhawb kev noj mov). Hauv tsab xov xwm “Cov hlwb nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus”, nws tau hu ua beta hlwb uas hu ua pancreatic cells.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, immunosuppressants - ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj, feem ntau nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, siv los muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), feem ntau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm ob lub raum, mob siab, lub siab, pob txha pob txha, ntsws.
Massachusetts Lub Tsev Haujlwm Txuj CiMassachusetts University of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT yog ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas thiab thoob ntiaj teb, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tshawb fawb uas muaj nyob hauv Cambridge (ib qho chaw ntawm Boston), Massachusetts, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Lub tsev kawm ntawv, tsim muaj xyoo 1860 (kev qhia tau pib txij li xyoo 1865), niaj hnub no (raws li lub Tsib Hlis 2017), 13,400 tus tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm hauv qab no: architecture, astronomy, aeronautics, biology, tib neeg, kev kho mob, engineering, kev siv tshuab, kev ua lej, kev tswj hwm, tawm tsam, Science News for KIDS. Ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology muaj 27 tus nqi zog Nobel, nrog rau cov kws paub txog nyiaj txiag, kev nom kev tswv, kws sau ntawv, ncaws pob, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm, suav nrog: tus thawj coj qub ntawm Tsoomfwv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb Ben Shalom Bernanke, yav dhau los UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Israel tus yawg Benjamin Netanyahu, tus sib koom tsim ntawm Hewlett-Packard (HP) William Reddington Hewlett, Co-founder ntawm Gillette (tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Procter & Gamble) William Emery Nickerson, lwm cov kev coj zoo.
Boston Tsev Kho Menyuam, Boston Tsev Kho Mob Menyuam yog lub tsev kho mob menyuam yaus (raws li Xov Xwm Meskas & Xov Xwm Ntiaj Teb), yog ib lub tsev kho mob qub tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas (qhib thaum 1867), npaj txais 395 tus neeg mob tib lub sijhawm. Ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb muaj npe thiab kws kho mob uas muaj npe ze rau hauv tsev kho mob yog ob tus neeg ua haujlwm Nobel: 1 Tus Kws Kho Mob, Dr. John Franklin Enders (Nobel nqi zog ntawm Physiology los yog tshuaj kho mob, 1954), uas tau qhia tawm hom tshiab ntawm pneumococcus polysaccharide uas ua pov thawj lub luag haujlwm catalytic ntawm kev ua tiav hauv opsonization cov kab mob nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, uas tau tsim tawm hais tias tus kab mob poliomyelitis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub so ntswg tshee thiab tau tsim cov qauv kab lis kev cai ntawm tes rau kev loj hlob tus mob poliomyelitis uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qhua pias, 2) Heru rg-transplantologist Joseph Edward Murray (Nobel nqi zog ntawm Physiology lossis Tshuaj Kho Mob, 1990), uas yog thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev hloov tshuaj hloov raum ntawm ob tus menyuam ntxaib, ua ntej ua ib allograft (lub raum hloov mus rau tus neeg mob los ntawm tus neeg tsis pub nyiaj pub dawb), ua thawj lub raum hloov los ntawm tus neeg pub tuag. Murray kuj tau ua tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb ntev hauv kev hloov pauv biology hauv kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv teb - ib qho nyuaj ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, kev sib koom tes tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, ntxias los ntawm ib qho antigen twb tau lees paub tias yog neeg txawv teb chaws, thiab tsom rau nws cov kev tshem tawm (tshem tawm). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub cev tsis muaj zog yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nyob USA tus xibfwb, tus xibfwb (qis dua) raug xa mus rau twg cov xib hwb qhia ntawv qib siab, tsis hais txog qib twg. Los ntawm Professor, Professor (siv tsab ntawv loj) txhais tias yog ib txoj haujlwm. Ntau yam kev tshaj lij thiab cov npe nrog rau lub npe ntawm "tus xibfwb" raug muab los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv siab. Hauv Asmeskas kev kawm txuj ci, muaj peb lub ntsiab haujlwm tseem ceeb (npe) nrog cov npe "tus xibfwb": Pab xibfwb (pab xibfwb) - “xibfwb tshaj lij” - feem ntau yog thawj txoj haujlwm tau txais los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ua tiav, Associate Professor (nrog lwm tus xibfwb) - txoj haujlwm uas muab tom qab

5-6 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiav zoo ua tus tshaj lij cov xibfwb, Cov xibfwb tag nrho (tag nrho cov xibfwb) - txoj haujlwm uas tau muab tomqab 5-6 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiav zoo hauv txoj haujlwm dhau los, raug rau cov haujlwm ntxiv.

Tus Xamuyees A. Goldblith Kev Tuav Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm.

David Koch Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Kev Mob Hlwb Hlawv, David H. Koch Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Mob Cancer - Chaw rau Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kab Mob Cancer ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lub koom haum koom nrog kev tshawb fawb yooj yim rau cov ua rau mob cancer, saib xyuas chav kawm ua kom muaj tus kabmob, thiab yuav ua li cas cancer hloov kho rau kev kho mob. Lub Koch Lub Koom Txoos tsis muab kev saib xyuas mob thiab tsis ua rau kev sim tshuaj, thaum koom tes sib txuas nrog cov chaw mob qog nqaij hlav.

Jocelyn Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Center, Joslin Diabetes Center yog qhov chaw tshawb fawb txog ntshav qab zib ntau tshaj plaws, yog lub chaw kho mob ntshav qab zib ntau tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab cov neeg muab kev paub txog kab mob ntshav qab zib ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub Dzhoslinsky Diabetes Center yog paub ntau rau nws cov kev hloov pauv hloov, uas tau nce ntau ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov menyuam yug los ntawm leej niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib, kev txhim kho uas tau txo qis ntawm txiav mus rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas txhim kho qhov nrhiav tau ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib. Jocelyn Diabetes Center, tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1949, niaj hnub no koom nrog Harvard Medical School (Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob Harvard). Lub chaw muaj 46 lub chaw kuaj mob hauv tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab ob chav sab nraud. Lub tsev hauv paus ntawm Jocelyn Diabetes Center nyob hauv Boston, Massachusetts, Tebchaws Asmeskas.

JdrfJuvenile Diabetes Research Foundation yog kev siab hlub tsim tsa xyoo 1970 uas pab txhawb nqa kev kawm txog hom ntshav qab zib hom 1. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum yog nyob hauv New York, nws cov ceg yog nyob rau ntau lub xeev Asmeskas, thiab txawv teb chaws (hauv Australia, Canada, Denmark, Israel, Netherlands thiab UK).

Cauj, qab zib, piam thaj (los ntawm Greek cov lus qub ^ 7, _5, `5, _4, a3,` 2, - "qab zib") - cov khoom noj uas yooj yim carbohydrate, tsis muaj kob lossis dawb nplua crystalline hmoov, tsw ntxhiab tsw, qab qab rau cov saj, cov khoom kawg ntawm lub hydrolysis ntawm feem ntau tsis pom zoo thiab polysaccharides Cov. Cov piam thaj yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab siv ntau lub zog los muab cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev hauv lub cev.

Kev Cuam Tshuam, kua zaub protein, protein - siab molecular phaus organic tshuaj raws ib lossis lwm alpha amino acid. Amino acids nyob rau hauv cov protein sib xyaw ua ke peptide bonds (tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm amino pawg ntawm ib qho amino acid thiab pawg carboxy ntawm lwm cov amino acid nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov dej molecule). Nws muaj ob chav kawm ntawm cov protein: cov protein yooj yim, uas decomposes tshwj xeeb rau cov amino acids thaum hydrolysis, thiab cov protein tsis sib luag (holoprotein, proteid), uas muaj cov pab pawg prosthetic (cofactors), thaum cov protein tsis sib xyaw, ntxiv nrog rau cov amino acids, feem tsis muaj protein lossis nws cov khoom tawg tau tso tawm. Protein enzymes catalyze (nrawm) chav biochemical tshua, muaj lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv kev zom zaub mov. Cov tib neeg cov protein ua cov cuab yeej hauv lub cev lossis cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, tsim cov cytoskeleton uas khaws cov duab ntawm cov hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov protein ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes ua, nyob rau hauv lub nruab zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab hauv lub voj voog ntawm tes. Proteins yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov leeg nqaij, hlwb, kabmob thiab cov nqaij hauv tib neeg.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab kawm tiav, kev kawm tom qab kawm, kev kawm tom qab lawb - nyob rau Western Europe, North America thiab Australia, kev tshawb fawb tawm los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb uas nyuam qhuav tau txais Ph.D. Raws li, tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv qhov kev kawm no hu ua cov tub ntxhais kawm postdoctoral.

Qia cov hlwb - qog hlwb (tsis mob siab) uas tuaj yeem ua tus kheej nrog kev tsim cov qia hlwb tshiab, faib los ntawm mitosis, thiab tseem sib txawv rau cov hlwb tshwj xeeb, uas yog, tig mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm ntau yam plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws yog cov qia hlwb ua rau koom ua cov kab mob hauv cov plab hnyuv siab raum, ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau tag nrho tib neeg lub cev.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob«>Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Ib Ce, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob - lub cev muaj peev xwm muab lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob rau ib qho antigen. Ntawd yog, qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov qog ntshav, nrog rau cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj antigenic. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tawm tsam tsis raug ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.

Triazoles, triazoles - cov organic sib xyaw ntawm chav kawm heterocycle, lub voj voog tsib-nco nrog peb nitrogen atoms thiab ob lub roj carbon atoms hauv lub voj voog, ua kom pom cov kua qaub thiab cov tsis muaj zog. Triazoles yog yooj yim soluble hauv feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic; unsubstituted triazoles yog soluble hauv dej. Cov kev tsis sib deev ntawm triazoles yog siv los ua cov tshuaj lom biologically ntawm ntau yam kev ua, txhawb kev ua kom lub plawv mob, muaj antispasmodic, hypotensive, antipsychotic thiab antibacterial kev ua si.

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws rau txoj kev ntsuas kev hloov pauv pH yog pH ntsuas, txawm hais tias ketone ntsuas zoo dua rau cov ntshav qab zib.

Alginic acid, alginic acid, algin, alginate yog polysaccharide, zoo li roj hmab zoo li cov tshuaj tawm ntawm cov xim av, xim liab, thiab qee cov algae ntsuab. Alginic acid yog heteropolymer tsim los ntawm ob seem ntawm polyuronic acids (L-guluronic thiab D-mannuronic) nyob rau hauv cov kev sib txawv, uas sib txawv raws li hom tshwj xeeb ntawm algae. Alginic acid kua ntsev hu ua alginatesCov. Cov alginates paub zoo tshaj plaws yog calcium alginate, potassium alginate thiab sodium alginate.

Thaum sau xov xwm hais tias Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj siv lub hlwb encapsulated nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov twg alginate gel siv los ua daim nyias nyias, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv Internet portals, xov xwm chaw MIT.edu, Nature.com tau siv los ua khoom siv. Diabetes.org, Joslin.org, JDRF.org, ChildrensHospital.org, ScienceDaily.com, EndocrinCentr.ru, RSMU.ru, Cardio-Tomsk.ru, Wikipedia, ntxiv rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv qab no:

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