Nicotinic acid

Cov tshuaj yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov vitamin PP tsis txaus (B3), atherosclerosis, spasm ntawm lub hlwb, mob hlab ntsha hlwb thiab mob hlab ntsha hauv hlab ntsha, mob hlab ntsha hlwb. Kev txhaj tshuaj siab thiab siv ntev heev cuam tshuam rau daim siab ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem metabolic. Nws raug nquahu kom suav cov tsev cheese nyob hauv kev noj zaub mov nrog kev siv cov nicotinic acid.

Nyeem kab lus no

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phom sij ntawm nicotinic acid

Cov tshuaj no muaj vitamin cov dej num thiab koom nrog kev ua pa ntawm lub cev ua pa, kev tsim cov protein, rog thiab rhuav tshem cov khw glycogen hauv lub siab thiab cov leeg. Qhov muaj cov nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nrawm cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation, lub zog tsim khoom. Lub ntsiab zoo kho xws li:

• kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev muaj mob ntawm atherosclerosis,
• txhim kho cov ntshav txaus
• nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv sab qaum, cov hlab ntshav siab thiab cov hlab hlwb,
• txo ntawm intoxication,
• kev txhim kho ntawm lub siab, lub plab thiab txoj hnyuv (hauv me me),
• nrawm kho qhov mob ntawm qhov txhab thiab txhab ua rau tsis zoo,
• kho tshiab ntawm impulse conduction hauv cov hlab ntaws.

Nicotinic acid yog hu ua kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, vim tias nws qhov tsis txaus "peb d" cov tsos mob tshwm sim: tawv nqaij mob (daim tawv nqaij), mob raws plab (raws plab) thiab dementia (dementia).

Thaum noj ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub cev, kiv taub hau, kub taub hau, loog hauv qhov kawg tshwm sim, nrog rau qhov kev hnov ​​mob ntau dua rau Nicotinic acid, ntshav nce siab poob qis, tej zaum yuav ua txhaum ntawm cov lus sib dhos ntawm lub plawv kev tawm tsam, xeev siab thiab ntuav, mob khaus khaus. Thaum tshuaj xyuas cov neeg mob uas tau noj cov tshuaj no ntev, lawv pom:

• nce rau hauv qabzib thiab uric acid nyob rau hauv cov ntshav,
• daim siab ua rog,
• qhov hnyav nce los cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom tsis rog thiab plhaw rog,
• kev puas tsuaj rau cov leeg ntawm lub plab, duodenum thiab hnyuv me.

Ib qho ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim yog nrawm cov plaub hau kev loj hlob nrog daim ntawv thov sab nraud. Nws yog siv los ntawm kws pleev tshuaj pleev ib ce los kho kev do hau.

Thiab ntawm no yog ntau txog kev kho mob ntawm dyslipidemia.

Pharmacological kev txiav txim

Niacin yog qhov sib txuas uas zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv rau nicotinamide.

Kev siv cov nicotinic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb kev ntshav, ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, sib pauv ntawm cov amino acids, cov rog, carbohydrates, thiab cov nqaijrog.

Cov vitamin no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob plawv. Nws pab txhawm rau txo cov roj cholesterol, lipoprotein thiab triglyceride - cov tshuaj uas txhaws cov hlab ntsha, pab txhawb kom muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv thiab tsim cov ntshav txhaws, thiab txwv kev muaj ntshav.

Kev qhia rau kev siv cov nicotinic acid

Vitamin muab tshuaj rau pob ntseg, noj ntawm qhov ncauj, subcutaneous thiab intramuscular txhaj ntawm nicotinic acid tau muab.

Cov cuab yeej siv los kho thiab tiv thaiv pellagra, kho cov mob ntshav qab zib, mob plawv, lub plab zom mov, mob siab, enterocolitis, mob plab nrog lub siab acidity, ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau cov tawv nqaij, thiab nplawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb, caj npab thiab ceg, ob lub raum.

Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv kev kho mob nyuaj ntawm lub ntsej muag neuritis, atherosclerosis, ntau yam mob.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid rau prophylaxis yog kho rau cov neeg laus 15-25 mg, menyuam yaus 5-20 mg ib hnub twg.

Txog kev kho mob pellagra, cov neeg laus noj nicotinic acid hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 100 mg txog li plaub r / hnub rau 15-20 hnub. Koj tuaj yeem sau tshuaj tov 1% acid - 1 ml rau ob r / hnub rau 10-15 hnub. Cov menyuam yaus raug muab 5-50 mg ob lossis peb r / hnub.

Raws li lwm cov kev taw qhia, cov neeg laus noj cov vitamins ntawm 20-50 mg, cov menyuam yaus 5-30 mg rau peb r / hnub.

Raws li vasodilator rau ischemic stroke, 1 ml ntawm nicotinic acid yog muab tshuaj rau dej.

Intramuscular thiab subcutaneous kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov nicotinic acid, tsis zoo li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ntshav, yog qhov mob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua khaus, cov ntsev ntsev ntawm nicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv.

Vim tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov vitamin no txhawm rau txhawm rau cov hlab ntshav, nicotinic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov plaub hau - nws txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Rau kev kho cov plaub hau, cov tshuaj tau txhuam rau hauv tawv taub hau 30 hnub, 1 ml txhua (ib qho ampoule).

Siv cov tshuaj tov rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv rau me ntsis ntxhua, ntxuav plaub hau. Tom qab ib hlis ntawm kev kho plaub hau nrog nicotinic acid, dandruff yog ntxuav los ntawm tawv taub hau, cov hauv paus muaj zog, thiab cov plaub hau hlob los ntawm 4-6 cm. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov kev kawm tawm hws tuaj yeem rov qab ua ntu zus, nrog ncua sijhawm 15-20 hnub.

Ntse siv nicotinic acid rau poob phaus. Kev ntsuas qhov hnyav yog ua kom yooj yim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov vitamins ua rau cov metabolism sai, pab ntxuav cov hlab ntshav, txawm tias cov roj cholesterol, tshem cov hlau hnyav, co toxins. Kev noj tshuaj ntawm nicotinic acid rau kev poob phaus yog rau txhua tus neeg, thiab yog 100-250 mg rau ib hnub. Feem ntau, nicotinic acid noj hauv cov tshuaj, tsis ntau dua 1 g ib hnub, ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau acid nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kub ntws yaug yog suav tias yog ib txwm. Nrog nce acidity ntawm lub tso pa tawm ntawm lub plab, cov vitamin yog noj tsuas yog tom qab noj mov.

Sab sij huam

Kev siv cov nicotinic acid tuaj yeem ua rau: liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, ib nrab ntawm lub cev, ua pob liab vog, loog ntawm cov ceg tawv, kiv taub hau, kub yaug. Cov kev mob tshwm sim no ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Nrog cov lus qhia sai sai ntawm cov vitamin ua dej khov, lub siab tuaj yeem txo qis, thiab nrog lub sijhawm siv ntev thiab hauv cov koob tshuaj, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim siab ua rau lub siab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, muaj vitamin tawm ib txhij nrog methionine.

Nicotinic acid yog dab tsi?

Vitamin PP, B3 lossis nicotinic acid (lub npe hauv Latin yog nicotinic acidum) yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau lub cev. Ib zaug sab hauv, nws tawg rau niacinamide, uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov roj metabolism. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamin yog kev hloov cov zaub mov mus ua lub zog. Kev niaj hnub xav tau cov nicotinic acid yog 5-10 mg, rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub - 15 mg. Tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom yuav sau ntawv rau nws yog tias muaj pov thawj.

Daim ntawv tso tawm

Raws li cov ntsiab lus pharmacological, cov ntawv tso tawm hauv qab no ntawm kev npaj vitamin no tau pom qhov txawv:

• vitamin B3 hauv ampoules - 1 ml txhua, ampoules ua los ntawm iav, pH ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj yog 5-7,
• hmoov rau kev txhaj tshuaj
• ntsiav tshuaj (50 pcs.) - ib cov tshuaj los sau cov acid tsis txaus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj nquag yog 0.05 g,
• Nicotinate sodium tov –0.1% cov kua tshuaj nicotine.

Nicotinic acid npaj

Vitamin yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj Vititodurol, Vicinein, Xantinol Nicotinate, Lipostabil, Nikoverin, Nikoshpan, Spazmokor. Nws muaj nyob hauv ob daim ntawv - acid thiab nicotinamide. Ob hom ntawv yog cov ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj, muaj tib lub hom phiaj pharmacological, zoo ib yam li kev kho mob. Nicotinamide muaj nyob hauv qhov npaj:

• ntsiav tshuaj thiab niacinamide txhaj tshuaj
• Nikonacid
• Ntsiav tshuaj thiab Nicotinamide daws,
• Apelagrin,
• Niacin
• Nikoverin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus lossis Vial,
• Enduracin.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov nicotinic acid

Raws li cov lus piav qhia, cov vitamins PP tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj (los ntawm qhov ncauj tom qab noj mov) thiab ampoules (niam txiv). Raws li prophylaxis, cov neeg laus raug xaj 0.015-0.025 g ib hnub. Thaum pellagra noj 15-20 hnub, 0.1 g 2-4 zaug / hnub, lossis txhaj nrog 1% daws ntawm 1 ml ob zaug ib hnub rau 10-15 hnub. Txog lwm yam kabmob, cov neeg laus noj sijhawm txog li 0.1 g ntawm cov tshuaj ib hnub. Yog tias tsis muaj kev mob tshwm sim, hauv kev kho kab mob atherosclerosis thiab lipid metabolism cov teeb meem, ib koob tshuaj yuav raug nce ntxiv rau 1 g, thiab cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub rau 4 g.

Vitamin PP hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj yog siv rau kev kho mob ntev thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv thawj kis, lawv raug pom zoo kom coj mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem ncig ntawm qis qis. Nws raug tso cai kom noj 1-2 ntsiav tshuaj peb zaug ib hnub, thaum noj cov tshuaj methionine los tiv thaiv daim siab. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau muaj acidity ntau ntawm lub plab ua kua, cov tshuaj tom qab noj mov, ntxuav nrog cov dej ntxhia lossis mis nyuj sov.

Yog tias koj haus tshuaj ua ntej noj mov, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob: hlawv hauv plab, xeev siab. Tsuas tshuaj yog nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav thiab kab mob:

• rau kev tiv thaiv, tshaj 25 mg / hnub noj,
• nrog cov tsos ntawm pellagra 100 mg 3-4 zaug / hnub nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm 15-20 hnub,
• nrog atherosclerosis 2-3 / hnub, 3-4 koob,
• nyob rau hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg cov rog ntawm cov rog, hauv thawj lub lis piam lawv noj 500 mg ib zaug, hauv ob zaug, hauv peb zaug peb zaug, chav kawm yog 2.5-3 lub hlis,
• kom nce qhov kev kub siab ntawm lipoproteins ntau ntom, yuav tsum noj 1 g / hnub,
• txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo mob plawv 500-1000 mg / hnub,
• kev kho mob chav kawm yog rov ua ntu zus nyob rau ntawm ib hlis.

Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm subcutaneous, cev nqaij ntsaws lossis tshuaj hno. Kev txhaj tshuaj Nicotinic acid yog txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav maj mam, hauv dav hlau, hauv tsev kho mob vim qhov muaj feem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. Kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous thiab intramuscular raug tso cai rau siv ywj siab hauv tsev. Lawv mob heev, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw zoo.

Cov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog qaum sab ntawm lub xub pwg, sab xub ntiag ntawm tus ncej puab, pem hauv ntej lub plab phab ntsa hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov hnyav, ua haujlwm sab nrauv sab nrauv ntawm lub pob tw. Nrog rau kev tswj hwm subcutaneous, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev nkaug mus rau sab caj npab thiab sab pem hauv ntej phab ntsa ntawm lub plab. Kev siv rau kev siv tshuaj, tso ntshav thiab tshuaj subcutaneous tuaj yeem yog 1.5 lossis 2.5% kev daws teeb meem, muab 1-2 zaug ib hnub. Tsuas noj nyob ntawm hom mob:

• nrog pellagra thiab cov tsos mob tsis muaj zog - 50 mg txhaj tshuaj los yog intramuscularly 100 mg 1-2 zaug / hnub rau 10-15 hnub,
• nrog ischemic stroke - 100-500 mg txhaj tshuaj,
• nrog rau lwm yam kab mob thiab cov menyuam yaus siv tshuaj ntsiav.

Yuav txhaj tshuaj li cas intramuscularly

Tom qab xaiv qhov chaw, so nws nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, kos ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau hauv cov phwj, tso tawm ob peb tee, nqa nws nrog rab koob kom tshem tawm cov pa npuas, ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj, kho qhov ua rau thaj tsam nrog cawv lossis chlorhexidine. Rau txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, xaiv qhov chaw tshiab, tawm dhau los ntawm 1-1.5 cm dhau los. Intramuscular txhaj yog ua raws li hauv qab no: ntxig lub koob nkag, maj mam thawb lub piston thiab tso tawm kev daws.

Niacin thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation

Yog tias lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub nce mus raws li niaj zaus, cov vitamins PP tsis tau sau tseg. Thaum muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj, muaj ntau yam cev xeeb tub, ua tsis tau hauj lwm ntawm cov placenta, pathology ntawm daim siab thiab mob hauv cov hnyuv, cov tshuaj tau qhia rau siv. Thaum nqa tus menyuam yaus, cov khoom tshem tawm spasm, txhim kho kev ntshav, txo nws cov viscosity. Vitamin B3 tiv thaiv qhov tsim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm me nyuam hauv plab tuag thiab kev yug ntxov. Txhawm rau nce lactation, ntsiav tshuaj tau qhia, tab sis nrog ceev faj thiab saib xyuas tus menyuam qhov mob.

Siv rau menyuam yaus

Mus txog ob xyoos, noj cov tshuaj ampoule vitamin B3 yog cov muaj mob me me hauv cov menyuam yaus. Ib tug menyuam yaus tsuas yog muab cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm hom tshuaj, hais tawm tom qab noj mov nrog dej txias, dej ntxhia. Dosage nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj:

• rau kev tiv thaiv - 0.005-0.02 g toj ib hnub,
• nrog pellagra - 0.005-0.05 g 2-3 zaug ib hnub,
• lwm yam kab mob - 0.005-0.03 g 2-3 zaug ib hnub.

Nicotinic acid thiab haus dej cawv

Cov kws kho mob thiab kws tshawb fawb nco txog cov nyhuv intoxication ntawm cov vitamin B3. Nws pab kom sai sai tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom tawm hauv lub cev, khi dawb radicals dawb, nruab nrab cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj lom rau lub hlwb ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj no yog siv dav hauv kev tiv thaiv kev qaug tshuaj, kev kho dej cawv thiab quav tshuaj, muaj kev phiv tshuaj lom hauv chaw ua haujlwm.

Yeeb tshuaj sib cuam tshuam

Ua ntej sau ntawv yuav tshuaj vitamin PP, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj noj lwm yam tshuaj vim tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tshuaj:

• thaum ua ke nrog fibrinolytics, mob glycosides thiab antispasmodics, txhim kho cov nyhuv,
• thaum noj barbiturates, neomycin, sulfonamides, tshuaj tiv thaiv TB yog nrog los ntawm kev nce ntxiv hauv kev cuam tshuam tshuaj lom,
• nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum siv nrog cov tshuaj antihypertensive, tshuaj aspirin, anticoagulants,
• nicotinic acid tsim cov tshuaj lom ua mob nrog lipid-txo cov tshuaj,
• txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv mob ntshav qab zib.

Cawv tau zoo

Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj vitamin B3, nws yog txuam nrog dej cawv, tshuaj uas suav nrog ethanol. Qhov ua rau lub cev txaus ntshai yog qhov nce ntawm cov nyhuv ua rau lub siab, txo qis ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov kua tsib acid sequestrants. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv thiab haus cawv thaum noj cov tshuaj.

Cov Yuav Tsum Tau Ua

Cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuaj vitamin B3 hauv ampoules thiab ntsiav tshuaj muaj cov cim rau contraindications:

• cov qauv mob ntshav siab heev, mob atherosclerosis (rau leeg),
• lub cev sib xyaw rau cov Cheebtsam,
• kev siv mus ntev yuav ua rau lub siab ua rau lub siab rog (koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov no los ntawm kev siv cov nyiaj nrog cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj methionine, tshuaj methionine npaj lossis teebmeem lipotropic)

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Cov ntawv ua kom pom tseeb nyob sab hauv txhua lub pob ntawm nicotine muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom thaum coj cov khoom:

• cov koob tshuaj vitamin ntau yog contraindicated thaum cev xeeb tub, pub niam mis,
• thaum kho, lub siab ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua,
• siv nicotinic acid nrog kev ceev faj thaum hyperacid gastritis, mob plab (mob ntsws ua paug), mob siab, mob ntsws, ntshav qab zib mellitus,
• rau kev kho qhov mob ntawm dyslipidemia nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib tsis yog siv,
• ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev siv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov rog, cov suab thaj, uric acid yog saib xyuas,
• Kev siv lub caij nyoog muaj kev kub ntxhov nrog kev tso tawm cov vitamin C.

Raws li cov tshuaj nquag, cov qauv hauv qab no ntawm cov tshuaj hauv kev txiav txim siab yog qhov txawv, uas muaj cov kev kho zoo sib xws, tsim los ntawm cov kws lag luam hauv tsev lossis txawv teb chaws:

• Niacin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus lossis Vial,
• Enduracin,
• Apelagrin,
• Ua keem
• Nicodon
• Nikonacid
• Nicotene
• Nikovit
• Peviton
• Vitaplex.

Kev npaj Vitamin B3 tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw online lossis txiav txim los ntawm phau ntawv qhia dhau los ntawm lub khw muag tshuaj. Tus nqi nyob ntawm daim ntawv tso tawm, chaw tsim khoom. Kwv yees cov nqi:

Vim li cas nws tau raug teem rau cov teeb meem plawv?

Nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm nicotinic acid, kev tsim cov tshuaj lipoprotein ntau qhov ntau tsawg, uas ua rau cov kev txhim kho atherosclerosis tsawg dua. Cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv atherogenic kuj tseem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ib txwm ua kom tag nrho cov roj (tom qab ib hlis), triglycerides (nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev pub nkag). Ua kom nce siab ntawm cov lipoproteins uas muaj ntau dua, uas tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov txuas ntawm cov quav hniav.

Ib hom tshuaj kho mob txwv tsis pub muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm myocardial ischemia thiab txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas pub cov plab hnyuv sab hauv.

Cov tshuaj no tseem siv los kho cov neeg mob plawv nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv qab no:

• muaj cov vasodilating siv,
• kev ua haujlwm hauv cov kab ke thiab cov microcirculation,
• tiv thaiv qhov tsim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.

Cov tshuaj yog qhia rau angina pectoris, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog vasospastic variant ntawm nws cov chav kawm, dyslipidemia, angiopathy.

Kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj, intramuscularly

Koj yuav tsum haus cov ntsiav tshuaj nruj me ntsis tom qab noj mov. Coob tus neeg mob, thaum noj ntawm lub plab tas, muaj tawv nqaij tawv thiab tawv nqaij kub, muaj mob plab thiab kub siab. Qhov koob tshuaj prophylactic yog 25-50 mg, thiab nrog pellagra nws yog nce rau 100 mg. Qhov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj txhua hnub yog 500 mg.

Rau qee cov neeg mob atherosclerosis, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom nce ntxiv hauv qhov ntau npaum li cas - los ntawm 50 mg tom qab noj hmo nrog ib hnub ntxiv ntawm 50 mg rau 2-3 g ntawm nicotinic acid ib hnub, muab tias nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Ua tib zoo, cov tshuaj tau muab rau ischemic stroke, 1 ml ntawm 1% kev daws ib hnub. Droppers nrog cov tshuaj yog sau rau noj txhua hnub lossis txhua lwm hnub nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm 10 txog 15.

Kev txhaj tshuaj Intramuscular thiab subcutaneous tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav, yog li lawv feem ntau tsis siv, hloov Xanthinol nrog nicotinate.

Kev siv yees duab

Saib cov yees duab ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm nicotinic acid:

Yog hais tias dheev lameness, mob thaum taug kev, tom qab ntawd cov phiajcim no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov qis qis. Hauv lub xeev siab heev ntawm tus kabmob, uas dhau los ntawm 4 theem, ib qho kev txiav tawm haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm. Muaj cov kev kho mob dab tsi?

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv kev npaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub taub hau tsuas yog nrog tus kws kho mob koom nrog, vim tias lawv yuav muaj qhov kev coj txawv txawv, thiab tseem muaj kev phiv thiab sib kis. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho vasodilation thiab leeg li cas?

Yog tias muaj qhov tsim nyog ua ntej, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog siv tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv mob stroke yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Kev tiv thaiv thawj thiab theem nrab hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam suav nrog kev kho mob rau kev kho mob ua ntej, kev noj tshuaj, nrog rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, nrog rau kev kho cov tshuaj kom rov mob ntsws dua. Qhov kev pab cuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib leeg ib tus neeg twg. Vim li cas koj xav tau glycine, tshuaj aspirin, statins tom qab mob hlab ntsha tawg. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv npaj rau yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob mob stroke ntawm thawj daim paib tias yuav ua dab tsi. Ua dab tsi los yeej ua tsis tau.

Kev kho ntawm cerebral arteriosclerosis, cov tshuaj rau uas raug tshwj tseg los ntawm kws kho mob, yog nqa tawm kom nkag siab. Dab tsi yog suav nrog hauv cov txee tshuaj tom tsev?

Yog hais tias pom tau tus mob aortic atherosclerosis, lwm txoj kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab ua kom tiav qhov kev kuaj mob.Lauv txhais tau tias txhawb nqa lub siab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm xav tau, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau coj kom zoo.

Xaiv rau kev kho thiab tiv thaiv ntawm fibrates lossis statins, uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kws kho mob. Piv txwv li, nrog kev mob plawv mob plawv, cov statins zoo dua. Kev koom ua ke kuj tseem siv tau.

Vim tias cov qib piam thaj hauv cov ntshav qabzib ntau dua, cov ntshav roj, ntshav siab, kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, ua kom mob ntshav qab zib atherosclerosis. Nws tsis yooj yim los txheeb xyuas echoes ntawm BCA, mob ntshav hlab ntsha thiab carotid cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha ntawm qis qis dua, mob rau cov nqaij atherosclerosis, thiab haj yam nyuaj kho.

Yog tias kev txheeb xyuas tus mob exertional angina tau tsim, kev kho yuav raug coj ua lub hauv paus rau qhov pib ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm qhov teeb meem, piv txwv li, kab mob plawv. Cov tshuaj noj kom ruaj khov angina pectoris tshwm sim hauv tsev kho mob.

Cov kab mob atherosclerosis feem ntau muaj vim tias qhov tso cov roj (cholesterol) ntau dhau. Tsis paub tseeb atherosclerosis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tus kab mob yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Txhua Hnub Nicotinic Acid Rooj

Ceev faj yuav tsum tau siv thaum ua ke nrog cov tshuaj antihypertensive, anticoagulants, thiab ASA.

Nws txo cov tshuaj lom ntawm neomycin thiab tiv thaiv qhov txo qis hauv cov concentration ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) thiab HDL ntxias los ntawm nws.

Txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm PP hypovitaminosis, kev noj zaub mov kom zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws; kev kho mob yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm ntxiv ntawm cov vitamins PP. Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov vitamins PP suav muaj cov poov xab, nplooj siab, txiv ntoo, qe txiv kab ntxwv, mis nyuj, ntses, nqaij qaib, nqaij, legumes, buckwheat, cov nplej tsis muaj cai, zaub ntsuab, noob txiv av, txhua yam zaub mov protein muaj tryptophan. Kev kho cua sov ntawm mis nyuj tsis pauv pauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins PP hauv nws.

Hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob mus ntev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kws kho tsis yog li tshuaj vitamin), nws yuav tsum tswj lub siab ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov teeb meem los ntawm daim siab, nws raug nquahu kom suav cov zaub mov uas muaj cov methionine (tsev cheese) hauv cov zaub mov, lossis siv cov methionine, lipoic acid thiab lwm yam tshuaj lipotropic.

Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog siv los kho ntawm dyslipidemia hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.

Yuav kom txo tau qhov kev tsis haum xeeb ntawm lub plab hnyuv plab, cov tshuaj raug pom zoo kom ntxuav nrog mis.

Hmoov, ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 0.05 g (rau kev siv tshuaj ntsuab), 1.7% sodium nicotinate tov (sib haum rau 1% nicotinic acid) hauv 1 ml ampoules.

Vim li cas cov nicotinic acid yuav pab tau

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nicotinic acid tau muab faib thoob plaws lub cev, tsis hais nws cov roj ntsha, muaj hnub nyoog thiab chaw kuaj mob. Lawv pab ua rau kev ua haujlwm kom zoo ntawm lub plawv kev ntshav thiab txo qis qib kev phom sij hauv cov ntshav, thiaj li tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob plawv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nicotinic acid ua rau lub plhaw metabolism, saturates lub hlwb nrog oxygen thiab dilates cov hlab ntsha, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob hypertensive. Nws tseem tso cai rau koj kom tshem tau cov mob tinnitus, kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab ntxuav nws ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm co toxins thiab toxins, thiab yog li ntawd ua qhov haujlwm zoo rau kev haus cawv.

Tab sis cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov vitamins B3 tsis xaus rau ntawd. Niacin muaj pov thawj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov poj niam. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog kev siv cov vitamin B3 hauv kev kho cov plaub hau cov qauv. Nws tseem ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov tawv taub hau, nce lawv qhov elasticity: lub hlwb muaj ntau lub cev nrog cov pa oxygen thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj cov ntshav txuam rau cov hauv paus plaub hau, thiab yog li ntawd lawv loj hlob sai dua thiab ua ntau ruaj khov.

Nicotinic acid rau cov txiv neej tsis muaj cov kev pab tsawg dua. Txij li, ntawm lwm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, nicotinamide muaj lub peev xwm los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav ncig, noj nws li tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub zog thiab muaj siab rau kev sib deev. Cov kua qaub no muaj lub txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm plaub hau thiab pab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo alopecia.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm nicotinic acid yog siv tshuaj kho mob hauv kev kho mob los ntawm ntau tus kab mob sib txawv, xws li pellagra, neuritis thiab lwm tus.

Kev qhia rau kev siv cov nicotinic acid

Txawm hais tias nicotinic acid muaj nyob hauv ib qho kev xav lossis lwm qhov hauv feem ntau cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb, muaj cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas cov tshuaj no tau sau tseg ua tshuaj. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov neeg uas raug los ntawm:

• pellagra
• mob ntawm lub plab zom mov,
• kab mob siab
• kev mob hlwb
• cirrhosis ntawm daim siab,
• spasms ntawm cov hlab ntshav
• ntev kho lub qhov txhab.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov neeg uas muaj cov kabmob li hais saum toj no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshuaj lawv tus kheej thiab noj cov tshuaj ntawm tus kheej. Txhawm rau cov khoom kom coj cov txiaj ntsig siab, koj yuav tsum xub tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij.

Txhua hnub tau txais ntawm nicotinic acid

Zoo li ib yam khoom noj qab haus huv, nicotinamide yuav tsum tau noj kom tau raws li cov koob tshuaj qhia kom tsis txhob noj cov vitamin kom tsis muaj kev phom sij.

Rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog txaus noj qab haus huv, tus lej txhua hnub tau txiav txim siab ntawm tus nqi 6.6 mg rau 1000 calories, uas yog kwv yees li 15 - 25 mg rau ib hnub, nyob ntawm kev ua neej.

Cov menyuam yaus txij li 1 xyoos txog 6 xyoo yuav tsum noj 10 - 12 mg ntawm nicotinic acid txhua hnub, thiab txij li 10 txog 13 xyoos - 15 - 19 mg. Cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo xav tau 20 mg ntawm vitamin A ib hnub.

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj cov nicotinic acid hauv lub cev

Txij li thaum nicotinic acid coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog ntuj tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev. Yog li, nrog lub cev tsis muaj vitamin B3, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov vitamin tsis haum:

• qaug zog, tsis nco qab,
• qaug zog,
• tsis qab los noj mov
• mob taub hau
• tsis nco thiab mloog,
• pw tsis tsaug zog
• teeb meem plab zom mov
• txob taus
• pre-depressive tej yam kev mob.

Qhov laj thawj uas tsis muaj cov vitamin B3 tuaj yeem yog:

• qab zib kom tsawg
• haus luam yeeb
• noj tshuaj loj ntawm leucine,
• haus cawv.

Cov tsos mob saum toj no yog tshem tawm los ntawm ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis nicotinamide txhaj tshuaj.

Cov zaub mov twg muaj cov nicotinic acid?

Hauv nws daim ntawv ntuj, nicotinic acid muaj nyob hauv ntau cov khoom noj cog. Muaj ntau cov vitamin B3 muaj:

• cereals thiab khoom raws li lawv (mov ci, mov thiab txhuv nplej, hmoov),
• noob txiv ntoo thiab cov noob (txiv laum huab xeeb, noob paj noob hlis, noob hnav),
• nceb (shiitake, zib ntab nceb, champignons)
• legumes (taum pauv, taum pauv, lentils),
• cov zaub daj thiab liab (qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav, tswb txob),
• cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav (qhuav apricots, prunes).

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nicotinic acid ntawm legumes yog nqus los ntawm lub cev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Hauv cov khoom tsim tsiaj, nicotinic acid muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nicotinamide. Nws tuaj yeem pom:

• hauv nqaij nyug siab
• nqaij qaib qe
• khoom noj siv mis
• ntses (tuna, cod, ntses liab).

Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm nicotinamide yog nws lub peev xwm los tswj nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog vim li cas cov khoom nws muaj yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev kho cua sov.

Hauv tshuaj ntsiav

Txhawm rau nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj kom coj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv nws tsuas yog qhia los ntawm kws kho mob. Feem ntau cov ntsiav tshuaj tau noj hauv kev kho mob pellagra tom qab noj mov. Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj txawv raws hnub nyoog. Yog li, cov neeg laus tau muab tshuaj rau 0.1 g 3-4 zaug ib hnub, rau cov menyuam yaus 0.02-0.05 mg 2-3 zaug ib hnub. Lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog los ntawm 2 mus rau 3 lub lis piam.

Yog tias muaj tus mob ischemic, kev ua pob ntawm lub nkoj ntawm ob txhais ceg, mob plab nrog lub siab acidity thiab lwm yam kev tsis txaus siab, nicotinamide raug tshuaj rau cov neeg laus ib zaug ntawm 0.05 - 0.1 g rau 1 hlis.

Hauv ampoules rau kev txhaj tshuaj

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nicotinic acid tau sau tseg nrog pellagra, Raynaud's disease thiab hypovitaminosis. Hauv thawj kis, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua haujlwm nrawm, intramuscularly lossis subcutaneously hauv 1 ml ntawm tov 1% 2 mus rau 3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Chav kawm txuas ntxiv rau 10 mus rau 15 hnub. Rau lwm cov kev qhia, qhov kev hloov pauv tau hloov mus rau 10 mg 1 rau 2 zaug hauv ib hnub rau tib lub sijhawm.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm nicotinic acid tseem muaj txiaj ntsig hauv tus mob Hartnup, uas tseem tau kho nrog hno. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj no txawv ntawm 40 txog 200 mg rau ib hnub.

Nicotinic acid rau qhov poob phaus

Niacin tuaj yeem pab tau zoo rau cov neeg uas xav poob phaus. Nws normalizes metabolism thiab relieves lub siab los ntawm cov teeb meem co toxins, yog li ua rau lub cev yooj yim dua rau kev rhuav tshem rog. Nws tseem tswj txoj kev zom zaub mov, uas yog vim li cas lub plab ua haujlwm zoo dua, cov khoom noj muaj zog yuav nqus tau ntau dua, thiab yog li ntawd, koj xav noj kom tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov vitamin B3 muaj cov khoom ua los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab tsis sib haum, uas feem ntau nrog kev yaum, yog li nws qhov kev siv hauv kev poob phaus yog qhov tsis lees paub.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nicotinic acid ib leeg tsis yog txhais tau tias kev poob phaus thiab yuav coj cov txiaj ntsig yam xav tau tsuas yog ua ke nrog kev ua si dhia ua si thiab noj zaub mov zoo.

Rau cov plaub hau kev loj hlob

Nicotinic acid tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov plaub hau kev noj qab haus huv, tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev tsis muaj zaub mov noj, kev saib xyuas tsis zoo, kev ntxhov siab lossis huab cua. Txhawm rau rov qab ci rau plaub hau thiab ua kom txoj kev loj hlob, koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig:

1. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntxuav tas, cov tshuaj nicotinamide ntawm 2 ampoules yog thov rau saum tawv taub hau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev zaws plaub hau yog ua los ntawm maj mam muab tshuaj pleev rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav.
2. Tsis txhob yaug cov kua. Tom qab tus txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tus kws tu plaub hau li 30 feeb. Siv lub npog ntsej muag txhua lwm hnub rau li ntawm 15 zaug.

Tawm tsam cov plaub hau puas lawm

Txij li thaum lub zog ntawm nicotinic acid pab tua cov plaub hau poob, cov neeg muaj qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum sim lub ntsej muag tshwj xeeb:

1. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nicotinamide yog sib xyaw nrog 1 ampoule ntawm vitamin A thiab tib tus txiv ntawm vitamin E.
2. Txuas lawv nrog 2 tbsp. l flaxseed roj thiab 1 nkaub qe.
3. Lub Cheebtsam sib xyaw ua ke thiab txhuam mus rau saum tawv taub hau. Los ntawm saum toj sau rau lub taub hau Terry lossis lub kaus mom sov.
4. Tom qab ib teev, lub npog ncauj tau raug ntxuav tawm nrog dej sov ntws. Cov zawv plaub hau yog xaiv tau.

Rau dandruff

Nicotinic acid ua tau zoo heev ua rau dandruff. Los npaj lub ntsej muag cuav rau qhov mob no:

1. Thawj zaug npaj dej da dej. Propolis yog nchuav nrog me me ntawm cov dej thiab rhaub hla kub nruab nrab li 20 feeb.
2. Txoj kev daws teeb meem tau txias thiab lim.
3. Aloe kua txiv tov nrog nicotinic acid. Ntxiv rau propolis broth.
4. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw yog ntxuav rau cov hauv paus hniav thiab sab laug rau 30 feeb.
5. Tom qab ntawd ntxuav tawm nrog dej sov thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau me me.

Rau lub ntsej muag ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Nicotinamide tseem muaj cov khoom ua kom tsim dua tshiab, vim qhov ntawd nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau cov teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntxiv rau, nws feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv kev laus. Ua li no:

1. Ib lub qe dawb ua ke nrog 1 tsp. zib ntab thiab 2 tbsp. l txiv tsawb sis plawv hniav.
2. Vitamin B3 tau ntxiv thiab sib xyaw kom txog thaum tus.
3. Thov rau ntawm lub ntsej muag rau 15 feeb. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis ntau tshaj 2 zaug hauv ib lim tiam.

Tau nicotinic acid yuav xeeb tub thiab pub mis

Niacin kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis. Kev muaj txaus cov vitamins B3 hauv nws tus kheej yog qhov mob tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab thiab kev saib xyuas niam kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, cov poj niam hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb yog qhia kom noj zaub mov uas muaj nicotinamide.

Tab sis noj cov vitamins B3 hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj raws li kev noj zaub mov ntxiv rau lactation thiab cev xeeb tub yog nruj me ntsis contraindicated.

Kev siv cov nicotinic acid rau menyuam yaus

Cov khoom ntawm nicotinamide tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau cov laus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yog menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis kev txhaj tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom noj nws tsuas yog tom qab muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo, txij li lub siab xav txog cov khoom tuaj yeem ua rau ua xua. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog yau yuav muaj cov vitamin B3 txaus uas lawv tau txais zaub mov noj txhua hnub, muab cov me nyuam lub cev noj kom sib npaug.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm nicotinic acid nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Nrog kev ceev faj, nicotinic acid nrog qee yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv. Hauv qee qhov, qhov no siv rau txhua cov tshuaj uas tau npaj los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws, vim tias nicotinamide muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam thiab, nrog rau cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav tsis tuaj yeem.

Vitamin B3 kuj tseem tsis pom zoo kom koom ua ke nrog cov neeg sawv cev uas pab txo qis ntshav siab - qhov no tsuas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm yav dhau los. Tib yam siv rau antispasmodics.

Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm nicotinic acid nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nruab nrab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj glucose-txo qis.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nicotinamide tsis tau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

• cov vitamins B2 thiab B6,
• Eufilin
• salicylates
• tetracycline
• hydrocortisone.

Kev phiv los ntawm nicotinic acid thiab noj ntau dhau

Txawm hais tias ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm nicotinamide thiab yuav luag tag nrho qhov qhaj tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov neeg feem coob, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qee qhov xwm txheej, kev siv cov vitamin B3 tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo rau lub cev. Kev phiv los sis tshuaj muaj xws li:

• kev fab tshuaj tsis haum
• kiv taub hau
• urticaria
• ntsej muag liab
• kev hnov ​​ntawm tshav kub tsis hloov lub cev kub,
• ib ntus poob rau hauv qhov chaw hauv lub cev,
• zoo nkaus loog.

Cov tsos mob no tsis tas yuav kho thiab sai sai tom qab qhov kev txo qis ntawm cov vitamin B3 lossis nws qhov kev tshem tawm ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsis quav ntsej ntev ntawm cov tsos mob thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau kev noj qab haus huv, piv txwv:

• daim siab ua rog,
• hyperuricemia
• tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev ua tiav cov kua nplaum.

Tab sis txij thaum tag nrho cov teeb meem no tau, mus rau ib qib los yog lwm qhov, cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab, nws muaj peev xwm txo kev phom sij ntawm kev noj cov nicotinic acid los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tais diav nrog lub siab methionine rau cov zaub mov txhua hnub. "Poshekhonsky" cheese, ntses hiav txwv, nqaij qaib ntxhw thiab almonds hauv cov zaub mov yuav pab tswj lub cev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv rau kev kho mob.

Xaus

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phom sij ntawm nicotinic acid yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntau npaum. Ib qho kev suav meej ntawm cov tshuaj yuav qhia nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig nrog txhua qhov ua tau zoo, tab sis tsuas yog tias cov tshuaj tau sau los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg thiab exacerbate kab mob uas twb muaj lawm.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem roj ntsha

Lub luag haujlwm roj ntsha ntawm nicotinic acid yog txuam nrog nws koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm ob coenzymes - NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) thiab NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws redox enzymes. Coenzymes (coenzymes) yog cov organic ntuj cov tebchaw tsim nyog rau kev ua kom catalytic ntawm enzymes. Coenzymes ua raws li tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm hluav taws xob, atoms los ntawm ib qho substrate mus rau lwm qhov.

Vitamin PP khi rau cov protein thiab tsim kom muaj ntau pua lub enzymes sib txawv nrog lawv. Lub nicotinic acid enzymes tsim "choj" los ntawm kev uas hydrogen atoms xa mus rau "firebox". Ntau lab ntawm “lub qhov cub” yog raug rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub cev thiab pab txhawb kom muaj lub zog los ntawm cov carbohydrates, cov rog thiab cov protein los ntawm cov zaub mov.

Nicotinic acid yog ncaj qha koom rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov roj ntsha oxidation thiab lub zog metabolism. Ua ib qho kev tivthaiv ntawm NAD thiab NADP, nws txhawb nqa kev tso lub zog ntawm zaub mov, kev tsim tawm ntawm DNA, thiab tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa ntawm tes.
Niacin koom tes nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

• cellular ua pa, ntawm lub zog ntawm tes,
• ntshav ncig
• carbohydrate, rog, protein metabolism,
• mus ob peb vas
• npau suav
• yam ua si
• roj tswj
• cov leeg
• cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas
• qhuav ntawm pais plab kua txiv
• hnyuv muaj nuj nqi.

Niacin tsub kom kev siv cov nroj tsuag cog rau hauv lub cev, ua kom lub zais tsis ua haujlwm thiab lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub plab, txhim kho kev zais thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua txiv qab zib, thiab ua kom lub siab.

Yuav luag txhua txhua nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab dej hauv lub cev yog nthuav tawm li nicotinamide.

Cov khoom muaj nicotinic acid

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog khoom tsiaj:

• tsiaj kabmob - mob siab, ob lub raum, cov leeg, lub siab,
• qee hom ntses - sardine, mackerel, tuna, salmon, halibut, swordfish, cod.

Cov noob nplej, tseem muaj cov qhob cij, nplej thiab pob kws nplej, apricots qhuav, nceb, almonds, taum pauv ntsuab, txiv lws suav, kua txob liab qab, qos yaj ywm, taum pauv yog nplua nuj hauv nicotinic acid. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ntxiv cov tsis muaj cov nicotinic acid yog baker cov poov xab, brewer cov poov xab.

Cov lus 1 qhia txog cov khoom lag luam hauv cov nicotinic acid uas muaj nyob hauv qhov loj tshaj.
Rooj 1

Cov vitamin muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm nicotinic acid cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv uas nws nyob. Yog li, hauv legumes nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim zom, thiab los ntawm cereals (rye, nplej) cov vitamins yog xyaum tsis nqus.

Hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsiaj, nicotinic acid feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nicotinamide, hauv cov nroj tsuag - raws li nicotinic acid. Vitamin PP yog nqus hauv cov hnyuv thiab noj los ntawm lub cev.

Niacin yog ib tus neeg pheej nyob hauv kev piv rau kev cia, ua noj, khaws cia cov vitamins. Lub siab kub thaum lub sijhawm ua noj thiab kib yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam nws cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom. Vitamin PP kuj tseem tiv taus cov teebmeem ntawm lub teeb, oxygen, alkalis. Nws xyaum tsis ploj lom neeg thaum kev ua kom txias thiab kom qhuav ntawm cov khoom. Hauv ib qho kev kho mob twg, tag nrho cov tshuaj nicotinic acid yuav tsis ntau tshaj 15 - 20%.

Ib nrab nicotinic acid tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm cov tseem ceeb amino acid tryptophan. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txheej txheem no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - los ntawm kaum ob ntawm tryptophan lwg me me, tsuas yog ib cov vitamins molecule tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tryptophan (mis nyuj, qe) tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov tsis txaus noj ntawm nicotinamide los ntawm cov khoom noj.

Yuav tsum tau siv txhua hnub rau cov vitamins

Nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj:

• 5 txog 6 mg rau hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos,
• 10 txog 13 mg rau cov menyuam yaus los ntawm 1 xyoo txog 6 xyoo,
• 15-19 mg hnub nyoog 7 txog 12 xyoos,
• 20 mg rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txij li 13 txog 15 xyoos.

Rau txhua txhua 1000 calories noj, cov neeg laus xav tau txog 6.6 mg ntawm cov vitamin. Ntawd yog, qhov niaj hnub xav tau cov nicotinic acid rau cov neeg laus yog 15 - 25 mg.
Nce kev xav tau cov vitamin PP yog qhov xav tau:

• cov neeg uas koom ua haujlwm hnyav lub cev,
• neeg laus neeg laus
• cov neeg mob uas nyuam qhuav raug mob hnyav thiab kub hnyiab,
• cov neeg haus cawv thiab siv yeeb siv tshuaj
• cov tib neeg kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob mus ntev, nrog rau mob qog, hlav tsis txaus, txhauv, txhaws,
• nrog cov leeg leeg tsis haum
• cov tub ntxhais hluas cov menyuam yaus uas yug los ntawm cov teeb meem metabolic (kev tsis txaus ntseeg ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav hauv lub chromosome teeb tsa),
• cev xeeb tub thiab lactating cov poj niam.

Kev haus dej qab zib, qab zib thiab dej qab zib ntau dhau lawm yuav ua rau cov nicotinic acid ploj. Nicotine ua rau qis qis dua qhov nqus ntawm vitamin PP. Yog li, cov neeg uas quav cov nicotine kuj tseem yuav tau coj mus ntxiv.

Tryptophan thiab nicotinic acid tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov leucine ntau ntau.

Kev Hypovitaminosis thiab hypervitaminosis

Nrog kev tsis txaus ntawm cov nicotinic acid hauv ib tus neeg, cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm hypovitaminosis tshwm sim: kev nkees nkees heev, qaug zog, tsis nco qab, poob qis kev ua haujlwm, pw tsis tsaug zog, tsis qab los, poob ceeb thawj, mob taub hau, tsis nco qab lawm, tsis nco qab, ua kom mob plab, chim siab, ntxhov siab.

Secondary nicotinic acid deficiency tshwm sim nyob rau ntau tus kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, mob neuritis, tshuaj tsis haum, ua rau lom, benzene, thallium.

Cov tsos mob qeeb ntawm cov kua qaub ua kom tsis haum yog cov kab mob pellagra.

Hauv pwm xas, cov xeev ntawm hypervitaminosis (ultra-siab kawg ntawm cov vitamin PP) tsis tuaj yeem tawm. Nicotinic acid khw muag khoom tsis nthuav tawm hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws dhau mus yog tam sim ntawd tawm hauv cov zis. Cov ntsiab lus muaj zog ntawm nicotinic acid tuaj yeem nrog cov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm "tawv nqaij kub".

Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kua tshuaj nicotinic acid

Qhov taw qhia ntawm kev muab tib neeg lub cev nrog cov vitamin PP yog qhov tsis pom kev ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm nicotinic acid metabolism nrog cov zis - N-methylnicotinamide thiab methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxiamide. Feem ntau, 7–12 mg yog pom zoo ib hnub nrog zis.

Kev poob qis hauv cov qib ntawm cov tsis pom nrog zis acid qhia txog kev tsis txaus ntawm lub cev nrog cov vitamins PP thiab qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsim cov vitamin tsis txaus. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj nicotinic acid thiab nicotinamide ntau zuj zus nrog lawv cov khoom noj ntau dhau.

Ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog kev kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm N-methylnicotinamide tom qab thau khoom nrog nicotinic acid los yog nicotinamide. Qhov no yog tib txoj kev rau kev txiav txim siab lub cev kev noj qab haus huv nrog cov vitamin no. Qib qeb ntawm vitamin PP nws tus kheej lossis nws cov ntaub ntawv coenzyme hauv cov ntshav tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tau, txij li txawm tias pellagra cov ntsiab lus txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov ntawd hauv cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv.

Kev kuaj ntshav mus kuaj kom paub tias muaj nicotinic acid tsis txaus yog urinalysis No. 1 rau methylnicatinamide thiab urinalysis rau 2-pyridone / Zaj 1 rau methylnicatinamide.

Kev sim ntsuas tsis yog ib txwm txaus ntseeg.

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj rau kev tsim cov tshuaj nicotinic acid muaj xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev txiav txim siab nicotinic acid nrog cyanide bromine.

Nicotinic acid thiab nicotinamide hauv cov kab mob plawv

Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes thiab kev tuag thaum cov pa oxygen tshaib plab (mob ischemia) yog kev tsim hluav taws xob tsis txaus. Nws cuam tshuam ob qho tib si nrog kev siv zog ntau ntxiv (ua kom lub tshuab ua kom lub zog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thauj adenosine triphosphates), thiab nrog kev tsim cov huab cua molecules tsis txaus uas tuaj yeem tsim thiab hloov lub zog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam vim kev puas tsuaj rau mitochondrial daim nyias nyias thiab lwm yam.

Qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj txuam nrog hauv lub zog metabolism hloov pauv hloov pauv. Nrog ischemia hauv lub hlwb ntawm qib theem, ib qho hauj sim ntawm kev tsim kho lub cev thiab pathophysiological:

1. Cov ntshav txaus rau lub hlwb txo qis. Raws li, kev xa oxygen tawm ntawm cov roj ntsha mus rau hauv lub hlwb poob qis. Thiab txij li thaum oxygen tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob ntau, oxygen oxygen starvation, lub xeev hypoxic, muaj kev txhim kho. Ib lub xovtooj ntawm poob nws lub peev xwm los oxidize ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub zog cia.
2. Qhov nce ntawm oxygen tsis muaj peev xwm yog los ntawm kev poob qis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - lub zog qhov chaw.
3. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov pa oxygen tshaib plab, cov theem ntawm lub zog tsis txaus ua rau lub hauv paus pib ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev tuag ntawm tes.
4. Qhov kev kub siab ntawm adenosine monophosphate (AMP) yog nce sai heev. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov kho ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xaum cell.
5. Ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm cov metabolism hauv lub zog tau loj hlob sai sai. Qhov no ua rau cov kab mob hlwb tuag.
6. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab cov qog muab cov txheej txheem ib qho molecular mechanism tsom rau cov lus teb ntawm lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg ua rau cov nyhuv tsis zoo. Kev txo qis ntawm cov ntshav ntws tawm ntawm lub hlwb (cerebral ischemia) ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm cov kev pabcuam caj ces uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov keeb kwm muaj keeb ntawm cov keeb kwm ntau ntawm cov noob.
7. Thawj qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb cov nqaij mus rau qhov txo qis ntawm cov hlab ntshav yog qhov txo qis hauv cov hluavtaws ntawm cov neeg xa xov RNA thiab cov protein - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm poly (ADP-ribosylation) - hloov kho protein ntau. Lub enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) koom nrog hauv qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no.
8. Qhov pub hloov ntawm ADP-ribose yog nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD). Lub enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) pib nquag heev (500 zaus muaj zog) haus cov nicotinamide, zoo heev txo nws cov ntsiab lus hauv lub cell. Thiab vim tias nicotinamide dinucleotide tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lub cell, nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau kev tuag ntawm tes raws li cov kev hloov pauv ntawm necrosis.

Kev siv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm lub hlwb txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cerebral ischemia thaum lub sij hawm tsis tseg ib ntus ntawm cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Rau qhov no, cov tshuaj siv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (tiv thaiv) cov kev ua ntawm lub cell enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. Muaj kev tiv thaiv qis hauv theem ntawm nicotinamide tiv thaiv, kev ciaj sia ntawm tes tau nce. Qhov no txo ​​cov ntaub so ntswg kev cuam tshuam nrog ischemic stroke thiab myocardial infarction.

Ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom nquag plias (tshuaj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem enzymatic) yog nicotinamide. Hauv kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua, nws yog ze rau nicotinic acid, koom nrog cov txheej txheem redox hauv lub cev. Nicotinamide muaj cov kev xaiv siab rau ntawm enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. Nws kuj muaj tus lej ntawm cov teebmeem tsis hais txog:

• ua raws li cov tshuaj antioxidant,
• cuam ​​tshuam cov txheej txheem hauv cov metabolism hauv qabzib, lipids thiab nucleotides,
• inhibits lub zog tag nrho ntawm DNA, RNA thiab protein.

Nicotinamide tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj hauv cov zaub mov hauv lub hlwb, ua kom lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub zog hauv lub cev hauv lub cev, pab tswj lub zog ntawm lub hlwb.

Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov tshuaj nicotinic acid siv dav hauv kev mob ntawm cerebrovascular, myocardial infarction, obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's mob, uas yog, nyob rau txhua kis thaum nce microcirculation thiab collateral (bypass) ncig yog qhov tsuas yog txoj hauv kev los khaws qhov muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.

Cov kev sim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov vitamin PP so ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv plab, yog li ntawd, nrog angina pectoris, nicotinic acid yog ntse siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm Nikoverin thiab Nikoshpan npaj.

Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj ib qho enzymes tshwj xeeb - ntaub so ntswg fibrinases, nicotinic acid pab ua kom cov ntshav muaj zog mus ua kom cov hlab ntshav tawm hauv lub plab.

Nicotinic acid txo qis cov ntshav cov roj cholesterol

Ib qho ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntshav tsawg yog kom txo cov ntshav roj. Niacin inhibits kev tso tawm ntawm cov roj ntsha tsis zoo thiab yog li txo qis cov roj cholesterol.

Raws li cov tshuaj lipid-txo qis dua, nicotinic acid tau siv txij li xyoo 1955. Hauv qhov loj npaum li cas, nws muaj ntau haiv neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lipid metabolism:

• inhibits qhov tawg ntawm cov rog hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, uas txwv kev xa cov roj khov dawb rau daim siab, thiab thaum kawg inhibits hepatic synthesis ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj ntom triglycerides thiab lipoproteins (VLDL),
• nce kev cais ntawm VLDL hauv cov ntshav,
• txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lipoproteins tsawg ntom (LDL) hauv cov ntshav, ua rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm qub - lipoproteins tsawg kawg,
• nce qib ntawm cov siab ceev lipoproteins (HDL).

Nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj 3 - 6 g ib hnub yuav txo cov roj cholesterol, lipoproteins tsawg ceev los ntawm 15 - 25% tom qab 3 - 5 lub lis piam ntawm txoj kev kho, txo cov qib triglycerides (rog molecules) ntawm tsawg kawg ntom lipoproteins los ntawm 20 - 80% tom qab 1 - 4 hnub , nce cov roj (cholesterol) ntawm cov lipoproteins ntau ntom los ntawm 10 - 20%, tiv thaiv cov tsos mob lipoprotein (a).

Cov neeg mob zam rau nicotinic acid ua tau zoo dua thaum siv ntau npaum li cas nrog kev ua ntev. Cov no yog Nicobid Tempules (microencapsulated ntsiav tshuaj nrog kev tso tawm sai thiab qeeb), Slo-Niacin (kev sib xyaw ntawm nicotinic acid nrog polygel), Enduracin (matrix ntawm chaw kub ntawm ciab uas muaj nicotinic acid).

Kev lees txais ntawm tsuas yog cov nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm 3 g lossis hauv kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj uas ua rau txo qis qhov tshwm sim tsis muaj ntshav qab zib myocardial infarction, mob hlab ntsha tawg, thiab xav tau kev phais mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha. Hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais nicotinic acid, muaj cov cim ntawm kev mob hlab ntsha ntawm atherosclerosis, txo qis hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov mob atherosclerotic txhab.

Cardiotrophic nyhuv ntawm nicotinic acid

Nrog kev siv dua ntawm cov nicotinic acid hauv cov myocardium uas puas lawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm pyruvic thiab lactic acids txo, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm glycogen thiab adenosine triphosphate nce.

Txhim kho microcirculation los ntawm kev nthuav cov capillaries nce myocardial oxygen ntxiv ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov normalization ntawm cov txheej txheem biochemical, cov haujlwm cog lus ntawm myocardium kuj tseem txhim kho (lub zog cardiotonic ntawm nicotinic acid).

Niacin potentiates cov nyhuv ntawm tshuaj ntsuab, uas nyob rau hauv kev kho mob muaj koob tshuaj cardiotonic thiab antiarrhythmic - mob plawv glycosides. Cov tshuaj tau siv los kho lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv yog cov nicotinic acid ua ke nrog digitalis glycosides.

Hepatotropic nyhuv ntawm vitamin PP

Niacin ua rau lub siab ua haujlwm. Hepatotropic nyhuv yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev ua kom muaj kev zais tso pa tawm thiab tso pa tawm ntawm cov kua tsib, lub zog ntawm glycogen-forming thiab protein-kev kawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab.
Niacin qhia tias:

• nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj lom ntawm cov kws tshaj lij - lom nrog aniline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, hydrazine,
• Thaum muaj kev lom,
• nrog rau cov tshuaj qaug cawv nrog barbiturates, tshuaj tiv thaiv TB, sulfonamides,
• nrog mob rau daim siab.

Nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm nicotinic acid, detoxification muaj peev xwm ua rau lub siab nce - qhov tsim ntawm paired glucuronic acids, uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem detoxification, nce, tshuaj lom cov khoom lag luam metabolic thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sab nraud raug hloov.

Neurotropic nyhuv ntawm nicotinic acid

Neurotropic tshuaj hu ua uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lub paj hlwb ib leeg. Niacin koom nrog hauv biosynthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub siab.

"Hormone ntawm kev zoo siab" serotonin yog tsim los ntawm tryptophan. Serotonin cuam tshuam ib tus neeg lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog thiab siab ntsws. Txij li thaum nicotinic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub cev, thaum nws tsis muaj txaus, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tryptophan hloov mus rau hauv nicotinic acid. Qhov ntau ntawm tryptophan tau siv lub zog, qhov tsawg dua nws tseem ua kom lub siab tus leeg thiab muaj kev pw tsaug zog zoo. Tsis muaj cov serotonin ua rau insomnia, tsis txaus siab, tsis txaus siab, poob siab, txog kev nyuaj siab, pom kev, thiab qee zaum schizophrenia.

Niacin tsuas yog cov vitamin xwb uas tsis ncaj qha rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov metabolism hauv hormone hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws cov khoom neurotropic yog pom los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog. Ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm nicotinic acid muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev tag nrho: nce kev ua haujlwm, txo qis cov tsis haum.

Niacin yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm neurotic thiab psychotic mob, cawv delirium (tsis nco qab zoo), thiab ntev cawv. Nws potentiates qhov kev txiav txim ntawm antipsychotics thiab barbiturates, tsis muaj zog cov cuam tshuam ntawm caffeine thiab phenamine.

Nicotinamide hais txog cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog ntau hom kev siv. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj Cytoflavin. Qhov no yog qhov sib luag ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov txheej txheem los txiav txim siab ntawm txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob metabolic hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, uas muaj ntau dua los yog cuam tshuam thaum lub hlwb ischemia.

Cytoflavin txo qis qib kev puas siab ntsws neurological thiab ua kom nrawm dua qhov ua haujlwm hauv ischemic stroke. Cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm pathophysiological uas tshwm sim nrog ischemic kev puas tsuaj rau cov neuronal qauv ntawm lub paj hlwb:

• restores antioxidant tiv thaiv yam,
• ua kom muaj zog thiab tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv,
• inhibits oxidative kev nyuaj siab lub zog, ua kom lub hlwb muaj peev xwm siv cov piam thaj thiab oxygen,
• Stimulates protein synthesis hauv cov hlwb.

Ua tsaug rau cov teebmeem no ntau, muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlab ntshav siab thiab ntshav hlwb, kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntshav hauv lub nruab nrab ntawm cov hauv nruab nrab, uas tau kuaj pom los ntawm ib qho kev txo qis ntawm qhov tsis txaus neurological tam sim no thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus.

Nicotinamide yog ib feem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj metabolic Kokarnit (chaw tsim tshuaj - ntiaj teb tshuaj, UK). Cov tshuaj yog qhia rau cov tsos mob kev kho mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib mellitus - mob ntshav qab zib polyneuropathy.

Nicotinamide txhim kho cov hlab ntsha kev sib txuas thiab cov ntshav khiav hauv cov leeg ntshav qab zib mellitus, txo cov lipid oxidation, kev tsim cov dawb radicals thiab cov khoom lag luam thib ob ntawm lipid oxidation. Cov tshuaj muaj ntau yam tshwm sim thiab muaj tshuaj lom tsawg ntawm qhov siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov neeg mob, uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntau.

Pellagra (nicotinic acid deficiency): cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Pellagra (los ntawm Italian pelle agra - tawv ntxau) yog ib tus kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev noj tsis txaus lossis tsis tuaj yeem tsis txaus ntawm nicotinic acid. Hauv plawv ntawm kab mob yog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub zog ntawm lub hlwb thiab lawv lub peev xwm los faib tawm tsis tu ncua.

Sij hawm dhau los, pellagra tsim qhov twg pob kws los ua zaub mov tseem ceeb. Hauv cov kab lis kev cai no, nicotinic acid muaj nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj rau kev zom, nws tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tryptophan, los ntawm cov vitamins no tuaj yeem ua ke. Lub cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm pellagra yog cov teb chaws Europe yav qab teb, Africa, Latin America, cov xeev yav qab teb ntawm Asmeskas. Hauv tsarist Russia, tus kab mob tau pom nyob rau hauv Bessarabia (Moldova), nyob hauv thaj chaw qis hauv Georgia.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho cov nicotinic acid tsis txaus nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws yog cov kab mob ntev ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv (enteritis, colitis) cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis haum.

Ua rau muaj tus kabmob

Qhov ua kom muaj tus kab mob tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm nicotinic acid hauv zaub mov, tab sis kuj:

• tsis txaus tryptophan,
• siab leucine cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, uas inhibits cov synthesis ntawm NADPH kev tso cai nyob rau hauv lub cev,
• theem qis ntawm pyridoxine confermers,
• muaj cov niacin thiab niacinogen rau hauv cov khoom lag luam, nrog rau cov ntawv muaj feem xyuam ntawm nicotinic acid uas tsis yaim los ntawm lub cev.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, pellagra feem ntau loj hlob nrog cov khoom noj tsis sib npaug nrog kev cia siab ntawm cov carbohydrates. Qee zaus, kab mob loj hlob hauv cov menyuam muaj menyuam noj mis, vim qhov khoom noj tsis txaus hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm leej niam uas pub mis.

Cov txheej txheem pathological uas tshwm sim thaum tus kab mob

Nrog pellagra, tawv nqaij, kabmob ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab lub paj hlwb tau cuam tshuam. Qhov loj heev ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm theem thiab daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob.
Cov kev hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov xim liab-xim av, xau nrog ntshav, nrog thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov txhab. Daim tawv nqaij o, txhaws. Hauv theem tom qab ntawm tus kab mob, atrophy ntawm epidermis tshwm sim.

Kev mob qog lossis mob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Lom liab tus nplaig liab nrog mob mob tom qab ua lacquered. Atrophic hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev koom ua ke epithelium ntawm pharynx thiab txoj hlab nqos mov, cov roj ntsha ntawm cov hnyuv me thiab loj.

Lub plab, txiav thiab mob siab yog txo kom tsawg. Cov hnoos qeev ntawm lub plab yog qhov mob, nrog ib leeg ntshav, quav yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Cov kev zais cia ntawm cov qog zom yog suppressed, achilia tshwm sim - qhov tsis muaj hydrochloric acid thiab enzyme pepsin hauv cov kua txiv pais plab. Lub ntsej muag muaj roj ua rau nws cov kab mob ua haujlwm hepatocyte ua haujlwm raug pom hauv lub siab.

Hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum, zoo li nyob rau ntawm qhov tsis xws luag lub cev, qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev nrog cov cim ntawm neuronophagy tau tshawb pom - puas lossis hloov pauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb tau rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev siv phagocytes - cov hlwb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov teeb meem loj hauv lub cev hloov pauv thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm ntau lub plab hnyuv siab raum ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab tsis zoo ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub raum, lub ntsws, lub siab, tus po puas cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Pellagra

Pellagra pom muaj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm thiab cov hluas, hauv cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov - tsis tshua muaj. Feem ntau, cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 20 txog 50 xyoo poob rau mob.
Cov duab kho mob ntawm pellagra yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb:

• dermatitis - mob tawv nqaij hauv thaj chaw muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau kev nqis tes ua ntawm lub hnub ci (yog li lub npe ntawm tus kab mob),
• raws plab - kev mob plab zom mov,
• dementia - kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog nco ploj, dementia, delirium.

Cov cim ntawm kev muaj mob feem ntau tshwm sim thaum kawg lub caij ntuj no. Cov neeg mob tsis muaj zog 3-5 zaug ib hnub thiab ntau dua. Kev zam yam tsis muaj admixture ntawm cov ntshav thiab mucus, watery, nrog qhov ntxhiab tsw.
Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov hnov ​​ntawm hlawv hauv cov kab noj ntawm qhov ncauj thiab salivation loj heev. O o, daim di ncauj. Cov nqaij mob tshwm rau ntawm cov pos hniav thiab hauv qab tus nplaig. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus yog yam ntxwv. Thaum xub thawj, nws lub nraub qaum yog nrog qhov kov ntawm xim dub-xim av, qhov npoo thiab qhov ntxeev tau ci liab. Maj mam, liab liab kis mus rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm tus nplaig, nws ua tus du thiab ci iab.
Tom qab ntawd pellagric erythema tshwm sim: hauv thaj chaw qhib (lub ntsej muag, caj dab, sab nraum qab ntawm tes thiab taw), daim tawv nqaij hloov liab, o thiab khaus khaus raws li lub hnub ci. Qee zaum cov hlwv ua rau tawg thiab ua rau quaj. Ob peb hnub tom qab, pityriasis tev tshwm sim. Nrog ib qho kev txo qis o hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, pheej daj-xim av pigmentation tseem tshuav, qhov kev faib tawm qis xws li vitiligo tau sau tseg.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb thiab lub nruab nrab hauv lub paj hlwb poob siab. Kiv taub hau, mob taub hau tshwm sim. Apathy yog hloov los ntawm kev poob siab. Mob hlwb, psychoneuroses kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv cov mob loj yog pom kev sib deev raug sau tseg, pom tshwm sim, mob hlwb tshwm sim.

Hauv lub sijhawm thaum yau, cov tsos mob classic ntawm pellagra tsis tau hais tawm. Kev mob ntawm tus nplaig, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus mob plab, thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij predominate. Hloov pauv lub siab ntsws tsis tshua pom.

Cov kev mob loj tshaj plaws ntawm pellagra yog mob hlwb (puas hlwb hauv hlwb) nrog kev puas hlwb.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kabmob

Kev kuaj mob yog ua raws cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus yam ntxwv muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kab mob, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yam khoom noj haus, kev tshawb fawb biochemical. Pellagra yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm NI-methylnicotinamide nyob rau hauv cov zis txhua hnub hauv qab 4 mg, thiab cov ntsiab lus nicotinic acid hauv qab 0.2 mg. Cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav thiab zis ntawm lwm cov vitamins B tsawg dua.

Txhua tus neeg mob tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm pellagra yuav raug coj mus pw hauv tsev kho mob.

Kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob nicotinic acid tsis txaus suav nrog kev noj zaub mov zoo nyob rau hauv cov vitamins PP uas muaj cov protein ntau txaus. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv me me ntawm cov vitamins tsis txaus, cov vitamins tau sau tseg hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj. Cov neeg mob txom nyem los ntawm malabsorption ntawm cov as-ham hauv cov hnyuv me tau txhaj.
Kev pom zoo koob tshuaj rau txhua hnub rau kev kho mob yog 300 mg ntawm vitamin, muab faib ua 2 - 3 koob tshuaj. Txoj kev kho mob kav ntev li 3 mus rau 4 lub lis piam.

Kev kho tshuaj ntawm nicotinic acid yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nicotinamide, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg dua kev phiv ntau dua li kev siv cov nicotinic acid.

Thaum muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg (chlorpromazine, frenolone, triftazine) raug kho nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (amitriptyline) thiab tshuaj tua kabmob (seduxen), uas yog muab tshuaj intramuscularly lossis intravenously. Thaum muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob organic, lub siab lub ntsws ntawm thiamine lossis nootropil tau kho nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm tas.

Txij li thaum pellagra qhia cov cim ntawm kev tsis txaus ntawm lwm cov vitamins B, as Well as tryptophan amino acids, txoj kev npaj kho mob suav nrog kev qhia txog kev npaj ua cov vitamins B.

Tom qab pib txoj kev kho mob, cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob plab zoo ploj mus tom qab ob peb hnub. Thawj cov cim ntawm kev dementia thiab dermatitis tau zoo dua tuaj thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev kho. Yog hais tias tus mob pellagra tau tau txais daim ntawv ntev, kev kho mob ntev dua yuav tsum tau rov qab, tab sis tus neeg mob lub siab thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv sai sai sai.

Thib ob pellagra

Cov kab mob ntawm pellagra tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov nrog anachlorhydria (tsis muaj hydrochloric acid) nrog mob qog ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas, mob rwj, mob qog thiab mob syphilitic mob ntawm lub plab thiab duodenum, mob ncauj plab, mob ntsws, tom qab mob plab plab hnyuv plab nrog rau kev haus cawv ntev, kho kab mob ntsws nrog isoniazid.

Dosage Cov Ntawv

Niacin muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ua ke thiab kev txhaj tshuaj.
Txoj kev txhaj tshuaj Subcutaneous thiab intramuscular ntawm cov vitamin muaj mob. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj maj mam, txij li qhov txo qis ntshav siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Ib ntsiav tshuaj muaj: nicotinic acid 0.05 g - cov khoom xyaw nquag, qabzib, stearic acid - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Ib milliliter ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj muaj: nicotinic acid 10 mg - cov tshuaj nquag, sodium bicarbonate, dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj - excipients.

Kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob ntawm pellagra (vitamin deficiency PP).

Kev kho mob sib xyaw rau ischemic cerebrovascular raug mob, obliterating vascular kab mob ntawm nqua (obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud tus mob) thiab lub raum, mob ntshav qab zib mellitus - mob ntshav qab zib polyneuropathy, microangiopathy.

Cov kab mob siab - mob rau daim siab ntev thiab mob ntev, mob plab nrog lub siab acidity, ntsej muag neuritis, ntau yam kuab lom (kev tshaj lij, kho mob, haus dej cawv), ntev ntev uas tsis kho kom zoo thiab mob txhab.

Dosage thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm nicotinic acid

Nws yog siv raws li kws kho mob qhia.
Nicotinic acid ntsiav tshuaj noj ntawm qhov ncauj tom qab noj mov.
Raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob muab tshuaj:

• cov neeg laus - nicotinic acid 0.1 g 2-4 zaug hauv ib hnub (ntau kawg noj txhua hnub - 0.5 g),
• cov menyuam yaus - los ntawm 0.0125 txog 0.05 g 2 rau 3 zaug hauv ib hnub, nyob ntawm hnub nyoog.

Lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob yog 15 mus rau 20 hnub.
Cov neeg laus uas muaj ischemic cerebrovascular kev sib tsoo, pob txha nqaj hlaus, mob plab nrog lub siab acidity, lub ntsej muag cov leeg neuritis, qhov txhab thiab mob rau sab hauv, nicotinic acid yog pom zoo hauv ib koob ntawm 0.05 - 0.1 g, hauv ib koob tshuaj txhua hnub txog 0.5 g. kev kho mob - 1 hlis.

Kev tswj kev kho, ceeb toom

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv teeb meem los ntawm daim siab nrog rau kev siv ntev ntawm nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj loj, nws raug nquahu kom suav cov zaub mov nplua nuj methionine (tsev cheese) hauv kev noj zaub mov noj lossis siv tshuaj methionine, lipoic acid, qhov tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam tshuaj lipotropic.

Nrog ceev faj, nicotinic acid yuav tsum tau siv rau kev mob plab nrog lub siab acidity, peptic rwj thiab duodenal rwj.Thaum lub sijhawm kho cov vitamin, tshwj xeeb yog siv cov tshuaj loj, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub siab ua haujlwm.

Kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob yog tsim nyog yog tias nicotinic acid siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj.

Kws tshuaj tsis sib xws. Tsis txhob sib tov nrog thiamine chloride tov (thiamine tawg).

Potentiates qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab mob fibrinolytic, tshuaj antispasmodics thiab mob glycosides, txhim kho cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kuab lom hepatotropic cawv.

Kev ceev faj yuav tsum tau siv thaum ua ke nrog cov tshuaj antihypertensive (nce ntxiv ntawm cov nyhuv antihypertensive muaj peev xwm ua tau), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, vim muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav.

Nws txo cov tshuaj lom ntawm neomycin thiab tiv thaiv qhov txo qis hauv cov concentration ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) thiab cov lipoproteins uas ntom ntom muaj ntau los ntawm nws. Txo cov nyhuv ua mob lom ntawm barbiturates, tshuaj tiv thaiv TB, sulfonamides.

Kev tiv thaiv qhov ncauj thiab isoniazid qeeb hloov kho ntawm tryptophan rau nicotinic acid thiab yog li yuav nce siab xav tau cov nicotinic acid.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem txhim kho hyperemia tshwm sim los ntawm nicotinic acid.

Niacin raug tso tawm yam tsis muaj tshuaj.

Nicotinamide

Cov ntsiab lus rau kev siv cov nicotinamide - hypovitaminosis thiab cov vitamins tsis txaus PP, nrog rau lub xeev ntawm kev xav tau lub cev ntau ntxiv rau cov vitamins PP:

• kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab tsis noj zaub mov tsis zoo (suav nrog rau niam txiv)
• malabsorption, suav nrog tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm pancreatic kawg,
• yuag yuag tshaj
• mob ntshav qab zib mellitus
• kub taub hau heev
• mob plab
• Kab mob Hartnup
• kab mob ntawm thaj chaw hepatobiliary - mob siab thiab mob siab ntev, mob ntsws,
• hyperthyroidism
• muaj kab mob sib kis
• cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov - hypo- thiab anacid gastritis, enterocolitis, colitis, gluten enteropathy, mob plab zawv tsis tu ncua, mob ntses huab cua sov, Crohn's kab mob,
• malignant hlav
• kab mob ntawm oropharyngeal cheeb tsam,
• lub caij nyoog ntxhov siab
• cev xeeb tub (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj cov nicotine thiab quav tshuaj, ntau yam kev xeeb tub),
• lactation lub sijhawm.

Ua ib vasodilator, nicotinamide tsis siv. Nicotinamide tsis muaj cov nyhuv hypolipidemic.

Vim yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nicotinamide tsis ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hauv ib cheeb tsam thaum txhaj tshuaj. Tsis zoo li nicotinic acid, cov tshuaj tsis muaj lub suab vasodilating muaj txiaj ntsig, yog li ntawd, nrog kev siv cov nicotinamide, qhov kev tsis quav ntsej tsis raug pom.

Cov tshuaj raug kho ntawm qhov ncauj thiab txhaj tshuaj.

Nicotinic acid rau plaub hau

Thaum ua ntawv thov rau saum tawv taub hau, nicotinic acid dilates peripheral cov hlab ntsha, txhim kho cov ntshav ncig, txhim kho kev thauj mus los ntawm oxygen thiab muaj txiaj ntsig cov ntsiab lus, txhim kho cov txheej txheem hauv metabolic hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tiv thaiv cov plaub hau ploj thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob sai.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov plaub hau daws teeb meem qhia tau tias thaum siv nicotinic acid baldness nres, plaub hau yuav tuab dua, ua rau pom kev ntxig ntsej thiab silkiness. Niacin kuj txhawb nqa cov plaub hau plaub hau zoo li qub, ua ib qho los tiv thaiv cov plaub hau grey.
Nicotinic acid uas yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom lag luam nrog kev siv tas li:

• awakens pw hauv paus plaub hau thiab txhawb kev loj hlob plaub hau los ntawm kev txhawb nqa microcirculation,
• rov kho thiab tsim hluav taws xob ntxiv tshiab,
• txwv tsis pub plaub hau los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov hauv paus hniav thiab tawm tsam kev cog lus ntawm collagen puag ncig cov hauv paus plaub hau,
• Nws pab txhawb rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm melanin - xim uas ua rau curls ci, khaws cia lawv cov xim, thiab tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag ua ntej ntawm cov plaub hau grey.

Cov khoom yuav tsis qhuav tawv nqaij yog hais tias rov qab siv dua, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tawv nqaij.

Txoj kev siv cov nicotinic acid: qhib lub raj xa dej tuaj sai ua ntej siv. Siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub raj tam sim ntawd tom qab ntxuav rau saum tawv taub hau, tusyees faib cov kua qaub rau tag nrho cov nplaim nrog kev zaws. Tsis txhob yaug tawm cov khoom.

Tightling tingling thiab liab ntawm lub hau tom qab thov ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog vim muaj qhov nce microcirculation thiab yog ib txwm.

Siv nicotinic acid ib zaug txhua 3 hnub. Pom zoo cov hoob kawm - 14 kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua txhua txhua peb lub hlis.

Txawm hais tias txhua qhov zoo, nicotinic acid tsis tau siv dav hauv kev soj ntsuam. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim uas sib xyaw nrog high-koob vitamin PP.