Ofloxacin: cov lus qhia rau kev siv > Kev khomob thiab kev tiv thaiv

Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yog rau pab pawg tshuaj pharmacological ntawm cov tshuaj siv tshuaj tua kabmob ntawm cov tshuaj fluoroquinolones. Lawv siv rau kev kho mob etiotropic (kev kho mob txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov kab mob) ntawm cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm cov kab mob me me nkag siab rau cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj.

Tso tawm daim ntawv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yog yuav luag xim dawb, puag ncig hauv cov duab thiab muaj qhov biconvex nto. Lawv raug them nrog ib qho yeeb yaj kiab enteric. Ofloxacin yog qhov tseem ceeb tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj; nws cov ntsiab lus hauv ib ntsiav tshuaj yog 200 thiab 400 mg. Tsis tas li, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog cov khoom siv sib txuam, uas suav nrog:

Microcrystalline cellulose.
Colloidal silicon dioxide.
Povidone.
Pob kws nplej siab.
Talc.
Tshuaj calcium stearate.
Propylene glycol.
Hypromellose.
Titanium dioxide
Macrogol 4000.

Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj tau ntim rau hauv cov hlwv ntim ntawm 10 daim. Daim npav pob ntawv muaj ib qho hlwv nrog ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj.

Pharmacological kev txiav txim

Cov tshuaj ua ke ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj inhibits (inhibits) cov kab mob cell cell enzyme DNA gyrase, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm DNA supercoiling cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (deoxyribonucleic acid). Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov kab mob DNA nrog kev tuag ntawm tes tom qab. Cov tshuaj muaj cov kab mob bactericidal (ua rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev). Nws yog hais txog cov tshuaj tua kabmob ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev pom dav. Cov kab mob hauv qab no yog qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws rau nws:

Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis).
Neisseria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis).
E. coli (Escherichia coli).
Klebsiella, suav nrog Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Proteus (Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, suav nrog indole-positive thiab indole-negative strains).
Cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Suav nrog Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus).
Pathogens nrog kev sib deev kis ua feem tseem ceeb - (Chlamydia - Chlamydia spp.).
Legionella (Legionella spp.).
Tus kab mob hnoos qeev thiab mob hnoos qeev (Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella pertussis).
Tus kab mob ua rau pob txuv yog Propionibacterium acnes.

Kuj tsis paub meej rhiab heev rau lub active ingredient Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj muaj Enterococcus faecalis, tus kab mob Streptococcus pyogenes, tus kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae, tus kab mob Streptococcus viridans, Serrratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacteriurn fortuitum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium spp ., Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Gardnerella vaginalis. Nocardia asteroides, kab mob anaerobic (Bacteroides spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium difficile) muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Syphilis pathogens, Treponema pallidum, kuj tiv taus ofloxacin.

Tom qab noj Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj sab hauv, qhov kev ua kom nquag plias yog sai thiab yuav luag nqus los ntawm lub plab hnyuv lumen rau hauv cov kab ke. Nws yog tusyees faib hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Ofloxacin yog qee feem hauv lub siab (li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov concentration). Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ua tawm ntawm cov zis, kom ntau dua tsis hloov. Ib nrab-lub neej (lub sijhawm thaum ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tawm ntawm lub cev) yog 4-7 teev.

Kev ntsuas rau siv

Kev tswj hwm ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yog qhia rau ntau tus kabmob kis los ntawm cov kab mob (pathogenic) cov kab mob uas nkag siab rau cov tshuaj nquag:

Kev kis mob thiab mob pathology ntawm ENT plab hnyuv siab raum - sinusitis (kab mob ua mob rau cov hlab ntsha hlab ntsha), pharyngitis (mob rau pharynx), mob otitis media (mob rau nruab nrab pob ntseg), tonsillitis (kab mob kis rau ntawm tonsil), laryngitis (mob rau ntawm lub plab).
Kev kis kab mob ntawm txoj hlab pa hauv qab - mob ntsws (mob ntawm lub ntsws), mob ntsws (mob ntsws).
Kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos los ntawm ntau cov kab mob, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem purulent.
Kis kab mob ntawm pob qij txha thiab pob txha, suav nrog poliomyelitis (purulent lesion ntawm cov pob txha pob txha).
Cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov kab mob tawg ntawm lub plab thiab cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm hepatobiliary system.
Pathology ntawm lub plab mog rau cov poj niam los ntawm ntau yam kab mob - salpingitis (mob rau cov hlab qe menyuam), endometritis (mob rau ntawm lub plab hnyuv), oophoritis (mob rau lub zes qe menyuam), parametritis (mob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev menyuam), cervicitis (mob rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam).
Cov kab mob inflammatory ntawm lub nruab nrog cev ua haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej yog prostatitis (mob rau cov qog ua kua), orchitis (mob rau cov noob qes), mob epididymitis (mob rau cov hnyuv tws ntawm cov noob qes).
Cov kab mob sib kis nrog kev sib deev sib kis ntau - kab mob gonorrhea, mob chlamydia.
Kev kis mob thiab mob kab mob ntawm lub raum thiab lub raum tso zis - pyelonephritis (purulent o ntawm lub calyx thiab lub raum mob raum), cystitis (mob rau lub zais zis), mob ntawm lub qhov txhab (mob ntawm lub qhov zis).
Kev kis tus mob rau ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab tus txha nqaj qaum (mob hlwb).

Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj kuj tseem siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob uas txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog (tiv thaiv kab mob).

Cov Yuav Tsum Tau Ua

Kev tswj hwm ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yog contraindicated hauv ntau pathological thiab physiological ntawm lub cev, uas suav nrog:

Hypersensitivity rau cov tshuaj nquag thiab ntu ntawm cov tshuaj.
Epilepsy (ntu kev loj hlob ntawm cov tonic-clonic qaug dab peg tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev tsis nco qab zoo), suav nrog yav dhau los.
Ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau txoj kev txhim kho qaug dab peg (txo qis qhov khi ntawm qhov leeg) tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev raug mob rau lub hlwb, mob caj dab mob ntawm cov qauv ntawm nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, nrog rau lub hlwb mob hlab ntsha hlwb.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob txha pob txha.
Cev xeeb tub nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab lactation (pub niam mis).

Nrog ceev faj, Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yog siv rau atherosclerosis (qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv lub plab phab ntsa) ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb (suav nrog cov uas tau hloov hauv yav dhau los), cov kiav txhab organic ntawm cov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, thiab ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov haujlwm ntawm lub siab. Ua ntej noj cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum.

Tsuas tshuaj thiab tswj hwm

Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj noj tag nrho ua ntej lossis tom qab noj mov. Lawv tsis yog zom thiab ntxhua nrog dej txaus. Qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab cov chav kawm ntawm kev siv tshuaj yog nyob ntawm lub pathogen, yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob koom. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj yog 200-800 mg ib hnub hauv 2 koob tshuaj, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm nws txawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm 7-10 hnub (rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov mob tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tso zis, chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob nrog tshuaj yuav yog li ntawm 3-5 hnub). Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj noj ntawm ib koob ntawm 400 mg ib zaug rau kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob gonorrhea mob. Rau cov neeg mob uas tsis pom zoo lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum thiab nplooj siab, nrog rau cov neeg mob hemodialysis (kho cov ntshav ua kom huv), kev kho kom haum yog tsim nyog.

Sab sij huam

Kev tswj hwm ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj kev txhim kho kev phiv tshuaj los ntawm ntau yam plab hnyuv siab raum thiab lub kaw lus:

Lub plab zom mov - xeev siab, ntuav ntuav, tsis qab los noj mov, mus txog nws qhov kev qhaj ntawv tag nrho (tsis nco qab zoo li qub), raws plab, mob plab (tsam plab), mob plab, nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim siab transaminase enzymes (ALT, AST) hauv cov ntshav, qhia tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntshav siab cholestatic jaundice provoked los ntawm stagnation ntawm bile hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob hepatobiliary, hyperbilirubinemia (nce siab ntawm bilirubin hauv cov ntshav), pseudomembranous enterocolitis (cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm tus kab mob anaerobic Clostridi) um difficile).
Lub cev thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum - mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis ruaj ntseg ntawm kev txav, tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev muaj zog zoo, tshee tshee (tshee tshee) ntawm ob txhais tes, qee lub sijhawm ntawm ntau pab pawg ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, txhawm tawv nqaij thiab nws cov tawv nqaij (tsis hnov qab), npau suav phem, ntau yam phobias. (qhia kev ntshai ntawm cov khoom lossis ntau qhov xwm txheej), ntxhov siab, nce ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub hlwb cerebral cortex, kev nyuaj siab (lub caij nyoog poob qis hauv lub siab), tsis meej pem, pom kev lossis hnov pom lub suab, sihoticheskie cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, diplopia (ob chav pom kev), lus zoo tsis pom kev (ntawm cov xim) saj, tsis hnov tsw, lub rooj sib hais, tshuav nyiaj li cas, muaj zog intracranial siab.
Kab mob hlab plawv - tachycardia (nce siab hauv lub plawv), vasculitis (mob ntshav ntawm cov hlab ntshav), vau (cim tau poob qis hauv txoj hlab ntshav vascular).
Cov ntshav liab thiab cov pob txha pob txha liab - txo qis ntawm cov ntshav liab (hemolytic lossis aplastic anemia), cov qe ntshav dawb (leukopenia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), nrog rau qhov ua tsis tau ntawm granulocytes (agranulocytosis).
Cov kab mob hauv lub raum - interstitial nephritis (mob rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg), qhov tsis zoo ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum, nce qib ntawm urea thiab creatinine nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, uas qhia txog kev txhim kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Musculoskeletal system - mob sib koom ua ke (mob pob qij txha), mob pob txha pob txha (myalgia), mob rov ua haujlwm ntawm txoj leeg ua pob txha (leeg pob txha), mob leeg lub hnab (synovitis), mob caj dab pathological.
Kev sib xyaw - petechiae (pinpoint hemorrhages nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij), dermatitis (mob rov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij), tawv nqaij ua paug.
Kev tsis haum tshuaj - ua pob khaus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, khaus khaus, ua pob xoo (ua cim tawm pob thiab ua pob ntawm daim tawv nqaij zoo li nettle hlawv), bronchospasm (kev ua xua ntawm bronchi vim spasm), ua xua (mob ntsws ua paug), ua npaws (ua npaws), mob hlwb Quincke's edema (qhov mob hnyav ntawm cov nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw mos), cov leeg tsis haum nqaij tawv (Lyell, Stevens-Johnson syndrome), kev tsis nco qab (kev tiv thaiv lub cev loj heev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog qhov cim txo qis hauv cov ntshav siab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam hauv nruab nrog cev tsis ua haujlwm).

Thaum muaj kev txhim kho cov kev mob tshwm sim tom qab pib siv Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj, lawv txoj kev tswj hwm yuav tsum nres thiab sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Lub sijhawm ntxiv rau kev siv tshuaj ntxiv, nws txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej, nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm yeem thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob tshwm sim.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Ua ntej koj pib noj Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus xaiv rau cov tshuaj. Muaj ntau tus lej ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau:

Cov tshuaj tsis yog txoj hauv kev rau kev xaiv rau kev kho mob ntawm kev mob ntsws los ntawm kev mob ntsws thiab mob tonsillitis.
Thaum lub sijhawm siv cov tshuaj, yuav tsum kov cov tawv nqaij hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha lossis duab hluav taws xob ultraviolet.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom noj tshuaj rau ntau tshaj 2 hlis.
Txhaum ntawm kev txhim kho pseudomembranous enterocolitis, cov tshuaj tau muab tso tseg, thiab metronidazole thiab vancomycin raug kho.
Thaum noj Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj, kev mob ntawm txoj leeg thiab txoj hlab ntsha kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob, tom qab ntawd ua rau tawg (tshwj xeeb, Achilles leeg) txawm tias muaj qhov hnyav me me.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj, cov poj niam tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tampons thaum lub caij los ntshav vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim muaj tus mob candidiasis (kev tawm tsam) los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm fungal flora.
Txhaum ntawm qee qhov kev paub tseeb, tom qab noj Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj, myasthenia gravis (cov leeg tsis muaj zog) yuav loj tuaj.
Ua kev ntsuas kev ntsuas uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau tus neeg sawv cev uas yog tuberculosis thaum siv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm concomitant lub raum lossis hepatic tsis txaus, ib qho kev txiav txim siab lub sij hawm ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj, yog qhov tsim nyog.
Tsis txhob haus cawv thaum siv tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm lub cev tuag tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob.
Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm lwm cov chaw muag tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li ntawd, lawv tus kws kho mob yuav tsum ceeb toom txog lawv txoj kev siv.
Thaum lub sijhawm siv cov tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg cov kev ua uas cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tau kom muaj kev mloog ntxiv thiab qhov ceev ntawm psychomotor cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cerebral cortex.

Hauv cov khw muag tshuaj network, Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj muaj tshuaj. Lawv tsis siv lawv tus kheej yam tsis tau sau ntawv kho mob uas tshwj xeeb.

Noj ntau dhau

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj zoo ntawm Ofloxacin ntsiav tshuaj, kev tsis meej pem tsim, kiv taub hau, ntuav, tsaug zog, tsis meej pem hauv qhov chaw thiab sijhawm. Kev kho mob ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau muaj nyob rau hauv kev ntxuav lub plab zom mov sab saud, noj kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, thiab tseem muaj kev kho cov tsos mob hauv tsev kho mob.

Tsuas tshuaj thiab tswj hwm

Cov koob tshuaj thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog xaiv los ntawm tus neeg tus kws kho mob, nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab nws qhov chaw nyob, nrog rau cov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm tus neeg mob, kev nkag siab ntawm cov kab mob me me, thiab lub siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm.

Hauv cov neeg mob uas lub raum tsis ua haujlwm nrog creatinine tshem tawm (CC) ntawm 20-50 ml / min, ib koob tshuaj yog 50% ntawm qhov kev pom zoo (zaus ntawm kev tswj hwm 2 zaug hauv ib hnub), lossis ib koob tshuaj tag nrho noj 1 zaug nyob rau ib hnub. Nrog QC