Insulin ntev: suav kev suav

Hauv tus neeg muaj lub cev tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus siab, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kho yog kwv yees lub zog ntawm lub cev kom sib npaug zoo li sai tau, ob qho tib si hauv qab daus thiab kev txhawb nqa. Hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas xaiv cov tshuaj haum ntawm basal insulin. Ntawm peb cov ntshav qab zib, cov lus qhia "khaws cia rau qib keeb kwm yav dhau" yog siv, thiab rau qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj txaus tsim nyog ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev.

Cov insulin ntev ntev

Yog li hnub no peb yuav hais txog cov keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov hauv paus ntawm qhov twg, thiab hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej no kuv yuav qhia koj txog kev xaiv koob tshuaj rau cov khoom noj, uas yog, los npog qhov xav tau ntawm kev zais cia. Tsis txhob nco thiab sau npe yuav ua blog tshiab.

Txhawm rau simulate cov kev zais cia hauv qab, cov insulins ntev ntev yog siv. Hauv cov lus qhuab qhia hauv cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib, ib qho tuaj yeem nrhiav lo lus “insulin yooj yim”, “insulin ntev”, “insulin ntev”, “basal”, etc. Txhua yam no txhais tau hais tias siv insulin ntev.

Tam sim no, 2 hom insulins uas siv ntev tau siv: nruab nrab lub sijhawm, uas siv sijhawm ntev txog 16 teev, thiab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev, uas siv sijhawm ntev dua 16 teev. Hauv tsab xov xwm "Yuav ua li cas kho ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus?" Kuv twb sau txog qhov no.

Qhov thib ob suav nrog:

• Lauj Teeb
• Levemir
• Tresiba (TSHIAB)

Lantus thiab Levemir sib txawv ntawm lwm tus tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov lawv muaj sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kev nqis tes ua, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau meej pob tshab, thaum cov insulins los ntawm thawj pab pawg muaj cov xim dawb, thiab ua ntej siv lawv yuav tsum tau dov ntawm xib teg kom cov tshuaj ua uniformly huab. Qhov sib txawv no nyob ntawm ntau txoj kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin, uas kuv yuav tham txog lwm lub sijhawm hauv ib tsab xov xwm tau mob siab rau lawv tsuas yog siv tshuaj yeeb.

Cov insulins nruab nrab-sijhawm yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, i.e., lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem yuav taug, txawm tias tsis hais los luv luv ntawm insulins, tab sis tseem yog lub ncov. Thaum cov insulins los ntawm pab pawg thib ob suav hais tias yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov no uas yuav tsum xav txog thaum xaiv koob ntawm cov tshuaj insal basal. Tab sis cov cai dav dav tseem nyob li qub rau tag nrho cov insulins.

Yog li, cov koob tshuaj ntawm lub caij nyoog ntev yuav tsum xaiv kom tswj hwm cov ntshav qab zib kom nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov zaub mov noj kom ruaj khov. Fluctuation hauv qhov ntau ntawm 1-1.5 mmol / L raug tso cai. Ntawd yog, nrog xaiv koob tshuaj kom raug, ntshav qabzib yuav tsum tsis txhob nce lossis nqis ntawm qhov tsis tooj. Xws li cov ntsuas yuav tsum ua kom thawm hnub.

Kuv tseem xav ntxiv tias cov insulin ntev ntev tau ua tiav hauv tus ncej lossis hauv pob tw, tab sis tsis yog hauv lub plab lossis caj npab, vim koj xav tau kev nqus qeeb thiab du, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj mus rau cov chaw no. Cov tshuaj insulin luv luv tau txhaj rau hauv lub plab lossis caj npab kom ua tiav lub ncov siab, uas yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev nqus khoom noj.

Ntev ntev ua hauj lwm hmo ntawm insulin

Nws raug nquahu tias koj yuav tsum xaiv cov koob tshuaj insulin ntev hmo dhau los. Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau ua qhov no tsis tau, saib seb cov ntshav ua ntshav licas thaum hmo ntuj. Ua ntsuas kev ntsuas kom pib txhua 3 teev - thaum 21:00, 00:00, 03:00, 06:00. Yog tias nyob rau qee lub sijhawm koj muaj cov kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia txo qis lossis, hloov pauv, nce ntxiv, ces qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov koob tshuaj insulin tsis raug xaiv zoo.

Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum saib cov ntu no ntau dua. Piv txwv li, koj tawm mus thaum hmo ntuj nrog piam thaj 6 mmol / L, thaum 00:00 - 6,5 mmol / L, thiab thaum 3:00 nws cia li nce mus txog 8,5 mmol / L, thiab thaum sawv ntxov koj tuaj nrog qib qab zib siab. Qhov xwm txheej yog xws li hmo ntuj insulin tsis txaus thiab xav tau qeeb qeeb. Tab sis muaj ib lub ntsiab lus. Yog tias muaj qhov nce ntxiv thiab txawm tias siab dua thaum hmo ntuj, ces qhov no tsis txhais tau tas li qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj insulin. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav ua tau latent hypoglycemia, uas tau muab lub npe menyuam rov qab - nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav piam thaj.

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias vim li cas cov piam thaj nce thaum hmo ntuj, koj yuav tsum saib ntawm ntu no txhua teev. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, koj yuav tsum saib cov piam thaj ntawm 00:00, 01:00, 02:00 thiab 03:00 a.m. Yog tias muaj qis hauv cov piam thaj hauv qhov luv, tom qab ntawv nws yog qhov zoo li no "zais-khoov" nrog lub nraub qaum. Yog tias yog, tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum raug txo rau ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav pom zoo nrog kuv tias cov zaub mov koj noj cuam tshuam rau kev txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj insulin. Yog li, txhawm rau ntsuam xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov insulin hauv basal, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov yeeb yam luv luv-insulin thiab kua nplaum uas tuaj nrog zaub mov hauv cov ntshav. Yog li, ua ntej kev soj ntsuam no insulin nocturnal, nws raug nquahu kom noj hmo los yog noj hmo ua ntej kom cov pluas noj thiab luv luv insulin ua kom tsis lwv cov duab ntshiab.

Yog li ntawd, nws pom zoo kom noj hmo kom noj cov khoom noj uas tsuas yog carbohydrate, thaum tsis suav cov protein thiab cov rog. Txij li cov tshuaj no nqus tau qeeb dua thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem tom qab nce qib ntawm cov piam thaj, uas tseem yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm insulin nightly basal insulin.

Ntev ntev insulin ib hnub

Yuav kuaj xyuas "hauv paus" li cas thaum tav su? Nws tseem yooj yim heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cais tawm ib pluag mov. Qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsum tshaib plab thaum nruab hnub thiab noj ntshav qab zib txhua teev. Qhov no yuav qhia koj qhov nce seb yog qhov twg thiab nyob qhov twg qhov tsawg. Tab sis feem ntau qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus. Hauv qhov no, saib seb insulin cov haujlwm ua haujlwm licas. Piv txwv li, hla pluas tshais ua ntej thiab ntsuas txhua teev txij li lub sijhawm koj sawv los yog txhaj ntawm insulin txhua hnub (yog tias koj muaj), txog thaum noj su, tom qab ob peb hnub hla kev noj su, thiab tom qab ntawd noj hmo.

Kuv xav hais tias yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau txhaj 2 zaug ib hnub, tsuas yog ua rau Lantus, uas tsuas yog ua ib zaug xwb. Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab tias txhua yam ntawm cov insulins saum toj no, tsuas yog Lantus thiab Levemir, muaj lub ncov peculiar nyob rau hauv kev zais cia. Raws li txoj cai, lub siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim thaum 6-8 teev ntawm kev ua yeeb tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau cov sijhawm zoo li no, tej zaum yuav muaj cov kua nplaum txo qis, uas yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm XE me me.

Kuv tseem xav hais tias thaum koj hloov cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin basal, koj yuav tsum rov ua tag nrho cov theem no ob peb zaug. Kuv xav tias 3 hnub yog txaus kom paub tseeb tias cov nyhuv tau tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov kev coj. Thiab nyob ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig, coj cov theem hauv qab no.

Thaum ntsuas qhov tshuaj insulin ib hnub los ntawm ib pluas noj dhau los, tsawg kawg 4 teev yuav tsum dhau, thiab nyiam dua 5 teev. Rau cov neeg uas siv cov insulins luv luv (Actrapid, Humulin R, Gensulin R, thiab lwm yam), thiab tsis yog ultrashort (Novorapid, Apidra, Humalog), ntu yuav tsum ntev dua - 6-8 teev, vim tias qhov no yog vim qhov peculiarities ntawm qhov kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov insulins, uas kuv yuav qhia meej yuav tham txog hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej.

Kuv vam tias kuv kom meej meej thiab yooj yim piav qhia xaiv cov koob tshuaj ntev li cas. Yog koj muaj lus nug dab tsi, thov nug. Tom qab koj tau xaiv lub koob tshuaj insulin lawm ntev ntev, koj tuaj yeem pib xaiv cov koob tshuaj ntawm qog insulin luv luv. Thiab tom qab ntawd kev lom zem yuav pib, tab sis ntau ntxiv rau qhov ntawd hauv lwm zaj lus. Hauv pliag - bye!

Qhov twg yuav ntxiv tshuaj insulin? Cov chaw twg?

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin txuas ntxiv yog txhaj rau hauv tus ncej puab, xub pwg, lossis plab. Tus nqi ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov ntshav nyob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Nyeem ntxiv hauv kab lus “Cov tshuaj Insulin: qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas laum”. Kawm paub txhaj cov koob txhaj tshuaj insulin los yog cov kua ntswg npaws kiag li.

Thaum txhaj cov insulin ntev, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj haus.

Yuav xaiv cov koob tshuaj insulin ntev li cas rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 1?

Cov hau kev xaiv cov koob tshuaj txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau kev txhaj tshuaj thaum hmo ntuj thiab thaum sawv ntxov tau piav qhia txhua yam nyob hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv no. Lawv haum rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1, ntxiv rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Tsis txhob ua tub nkeeg kom ntsuas koj cov ntshav qab zib kom ntau, khaws qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm kev tswj yus tus kheej thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom hauv nws. Txhawm rau xaiv thiab kho qhov tseeb thaum sawv ntxov ntawm cov insulin txuas ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tau sim nrog kev tshaib plab.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntev ua yeeb yam insulin?

Tam sim no qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntev-kev insulin yog Tresiba. Nov yog qhov tshuaj tshiab tshaj plaws, txhua qhov txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov kav ntev txog 42 teev. Kev tswj hwm ntawm Treshiba cov tshuaj insulin thaum hmo ntuj tso cai rau koj los tswj thaum sawv ntxov thaum sawv ntxov, sawv ntxov tom qab nrog cov ntshav qab zib ib txwm muaj.

Cov tshuaj laus dua Lantus thiab Levemir, thiab tseem ntau dua, Protafan, tswj hmo ntuj thiab yav sawv ntxov cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib tau zuj zus. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus nqi siab ntawm Tresib insulin yog qhov kev khuam siab rau kev siv loj.

Dr. Bernstein ntseeg tias cov tshuaj Lantus thiab Tujeo ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob cancer, thiab nws zoo dua rau kev hloov mus rau Levemir lossis Tresiba kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no. Saib daim yeeb yaj kiab kom paub meej ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kawm yuav tsum khaws cov tshuaj insulin kom zoo nws thiaj tsis puas. Nkag siab vim li cas koj xav tau laum thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj, thiab ib hnub txhaj ib zaug tsis txaus.

Cov tshuaj insulin ntev: kev suav tshuaj rau yav hmo ntuj

Qhov hno ntshav ntev ntev thaum tsaus ntuj mas yuav tsum tau muaj qib qabzib nyob rau tag kis tom qab ntawm lub plab khoob. Rau feem ntau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, thaum lub sijhawm noj tshais thaum sawv ntxov, lub siab vim qee yam feem ntau siv tshuaj insulin los ntawm cov ntshav thiab ua rau nws mob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshuaj no pib ploj mus ua kom qab zib. Qhov teeb meem no hu ua thaum sawv ntxov kaj ntug. Vim tias nws, normalizing qabzib thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li lwm lub sijhawm ntawm lub hnub.

Cia li xav tias koj txiav txim siab txhaj tshuaj ntxiv rau yav tsaus ntuj, kom nws tau txaus rau thaum sawv ntxov. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tshaj nws dhau, nws yuav muaj qab zib heev nyob hauv ib tag hmo. Nws ua rau npau suav phem, palpitations, tawm hws. Yog li, kev suav qhov ntau ntawm cov insulin ntev thaum hmo ntuj tsis yog qhov yooj yim, muag heev.

Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum tau muaj noj hmo kom ntxov kom cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau tag kis sawv ntxov nyob rau ntawm lub plab khoob. Noj hmo zoo tagnrho 5 teev ua ntej yuav mus pw. Piv txwv li, thaum 18 teev, noj hmo, thaum 23:00, tso tshuaj ntxiv kom tsaus ntuj thiab mus pw. Npaj koj tus kheej nco ntsoov ntawm koj lub xov tooj ntawm tes ib nrab teev ua ntej noj hmo, "thiab cia ntiaj teb tos."

Yog tias koj tau noj hmo lig, koj yuav muaj qab zib siab rau tag kis sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob. Ntxiv mus, txhaj ib koob tshuaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj Levemir, Lantus, Tujeo, Protafan lossis Tresiba thaum hmo ntuj yuav tsis pab. Cov piam thaj ntau thaum hmo ntuj thiab yav sawv ntxov nws yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj, vim hais tias thaum lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog ntev li mob ntshav qab zib yuav tshwm sim.

Tseem Ceeb! Tag nrho cov tshuaj insulin npaj muaj kev puas tsuaj heev, yooj yim yaig. Kawm cov cai khaws cia thiab ua raws li lawv kom zoo.

Ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas tau tuaj yeem kho mob nrog insulin pom tias nws tsis yooj yim zam kom tsis txhob muaj mob ntshav qab zib tsawg. Lawv xav tias kev tawm tsam txaus ntshai ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Qhov tseeb, tuaj yeem khaws cov suab thaj kom ruaj khov Txawm hais tias muaj mob hnyav autoimmune. Thiab ntau heev tshaj dua yog li, nrog cov mob hnyav hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Tsis tas yuav tso cov qib ntshav koj cov ntshav qabzib los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntshav qog ntshav qab zib.

Saib ib daim vis dis aus uas Dr. Bernstein tham txog qhov teeb meem no nrog leej txiv ntawm tus menyuam uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1. Kawm seb yuav ua li cas sib npaug ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj insulin.

Peb ua ncaj qha rau lub algorithm rau kev suav cov khoom siv ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev thaum hmo ntuj. Tus kws kho mob ntshav qab zib paub qab hau tau noj hmo ua ntej, mam li ntsuas qab zib thaum tsaus ntuj thiab sawv ntxov tom qab sawv. Koj yuav tsum txaus siab rau qhov sib txawv hauv cov nqi rau yav hmo ntuj thiab sawv ntxov. Feem ntau yuav tshwm sim, thaum sawv ntxov cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav yuav siab dua hmo ntuj. Sau cov txheeb cais nyob rau hauv 3-5 hnub. Tsis xam hnub uas koj tau noj hmo tom qab koj yuav tsum noj.

Pom qhov yam tsawg kawg sib txawv thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj yav dhau los cov hnub dhau los. Koj yuav nkaug Levemir, Lantus, Tujeo, Protafan lossis Tresiba rau yav hmo ntuj kom tshem tawm qhov sib txawv no. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ob peb hnub yog siv los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nocturnal hypoglycemia tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj ntau dhau.

Txhawm rau suav cov pib ntau npaum li cas, koj xav tau kwv yees tus nqi ntawm yuav ua li cas 1 ntu txo cov ntshav qab zib. Qhov no yog hu ua insulin rhiab heev (PSI). Siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no uas Dr. Bernstein muab. Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 2, muaj lub cev hnyav ntawm 63 kg, 1 lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj insulin Lantus, Tujeo, Levemir, Tresiba txo qis qab zib los ntawm kwv yees li 4.4 mmol / L.

Txhawm rau suav cov pib noj ntawm qhov nruab nrab insulin Protafan, Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N thiab Rinsulin NPH, siv tib daim duab.

Tus neeg hnyav dua, nws tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam txog cov tshuaj insulin rau nws. Koj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov sib faib raws li koj lub cev hnyav.

Lub Koom Txoos Ua Rau Insulin Muaj Sij Hawm Ntev

Qhov tau txais tus nqi ntawm qhov rhiab heev rau ntev ntev insulin tuaj yeem siv los xam lub koob tshuaj pib (DM) uas koj yuav tau txhaj rau yav tsaus ntuj.

lossis txhua qhov zoo ib yam hauv ib tus qauv

Cov tshuaj insulin ntev: pib noj thaum hmo ntuj

Muab cov txiaj ntsig kwv yees kom ze rau 0.5 units thiab siv. Qhov pib txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov insulin ntev thaum hmo ntuj, uas koj yuav suav siv cov txheej txheem no, yuav zoo li qis dua qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog hais tias nws hloov tawm mus ua tsis tau zoo - 1 lossis txawm 0,5 units - qhov no yog qhov qub. Hnub tom ntej koj yuav tau kho nws - nce los yog tsawg dua cov ntsiab lus qab zib thaum sawv ntxov. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug txhua 3 hnub, nyob rau hauv ntau ntxiv ntawm 0.5-1 ED, kom txog thaum cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav thaum sawv ntxov nyob ntawm lub plab khoob rov qab los rau hauv lub cev.

Rov qab hais tias cov piam thaj ntau hauv kev ntsuas yav tsaus ntuj tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ua rau qhov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thaum hmo ntuj.

Cov tshuaj uas koj tau txhaj rau hmo ntuj yuav tsum tsis pub siab tshaj 8 units. Yog tias cov koob tshuaj ntau dua, yuav tsum muaj qee yam tsis yog hauv kev noj haus. Muaj kev zam yog kev kis mob rau hauv lub cev, nrog rau cov hluas thaum tiav nkauj tiav nraug. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev xav tau insulin.

Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau noj yav tsaus ntuj txuas insulin ib teev ua ntej yuav mus pw?

Kev noj tshuaj ntxig rau yav tsaus ntuj yuav tsum tau teem sijhawm tsis pub dhau ib teev ua ntej yuav mus pw, tab sis tam sim ua ntej yuav mus pw. Sim muab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tso rau thaum tseem ntxov kom txog thaum sawv ntxov. Hauv lwm lo lus, mus pw thaum koj tau txhaj tshuaj ntxiv thaum yav tsaus ntuj.

Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho tshuaj insulin, nws yuav pab tau kom teem lub tswb hauv nruab nrab ntawm hmo ntuj. Sawv ntawm nws lub teeb liab, tshuaj xyuas koj cov piam thaj hauv qab, sau qhov tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd pw txog thaum sawv ntxov. Kev txhaj tshuaj rau yav tsaus ntuj dhau los dhau ntawm kev tau siv cov tshuaj insulin ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau mob nocturnal hypoglycemia. Qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab txaus ntshai qhov teeb meem. Kev soj ntsuam xyuas cov piam thaj hauv ntshav kom nyob ruaj ntseg hauv nws.

Rov ua dua. Txhawm rau kom suav cov koob tshuaj ntev ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thaum hmo ntuj, koj siv qhov tsawg kawg sib txawv hauv qab zib qhov tseem ceeb thaum sawv ntxov nyob rau ntawm lub plab khoob thiab yav tsaus ntuj dhau los, tau dhau ob peb hnub dhau los. Nws kwv yees tias cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav siab dua thaum sawv ntxov tshaj thaum hmo ntuj. Yog tias nws qis dua, koj tsis tas yuav txhaj tshuaj insulin ntev thaum tsaus ntuj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov piam thaj ntsuas thaum hmo ntuj thiab cov qauv coj.

Yog tias qhov ntsuas ntawm lub ntsuas tau hloov mus rau qhov siab dua yav tsaus ntuj, koj yuav tsum ntxiv ib qho kev kho ntawm kev kho sai ntawm cov kua dej insulin - luv luv lossis ultrashort. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm Levemir, Lantus, Tujeo, Protafan lossis Tresiba thaum hmo ntuj yog xav tau kom cov suab thaj tsis nce ntxiv thaum koj tsaug zog, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sawv ntxov. Nrog nws, koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov qib ntawm cov piam thaj, uas twb tau nce siab lawm.

Qhov tshwm sim thaum sawv ntxov ntxov: yuav daws cov teeb meem li cas

Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin Lantus, Tujeo, thiab Levemir tsis ua haujlwm zoo thaum hmo ntuj kom cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau yav sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob. Cov tshuaj thib ob Protafan, Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N, Rinsulin NPH tseem phem dua rau qhov no.

Qhov laj thawj yog tias qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj hormones txo qis qab zib tsis muaj zog thaum sawv ntxov. Nws tsis txaus los them rau thaum sawv ntxov ntxov kaj. Kev sim ua kom nce qhov tsaus ntuj noj sijhawm kom ntev li ntawm cov insulin tsis muaj ntshav qabzib nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm hmo ntuj.Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo (npau suav phem), lossis tseem muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb.

Yuav kom kov yeej qhov tshwm sim thaum sawv ntxov, mus txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, nws raug nquahu kom txhaj ntxiv cov tshuaj insulin nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm hmo ntuj. Piv txwv li, txhaj ib 1-2 tog ntawm Levemir lossis Lantus li ntawm 2 a.m. Los yog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm 0.5-1 IU ntawm cov tshuaj insulin sai thaum kwv yees li 4 thaum sawv ntxov. Koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, hu qhov kev daws teeb meem rau hauv cov koob txhaj tshuaj thiab muab lub tswb moos. Ntawm qhov hu ntawm lub moos tswb, ceev ceev txhaj tshuaj thiab pw tsaug zog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov txheej txheem tsis yooj yim. Cov ntshav qab zib tsawg leej yuav muaj lub zog nqa tawm.

Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Tresib insulin. Nws ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab smoother dua li Levemir thiab Lantus, thiab tseem muaj ntau dua, Protafan. Raws li ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj yav tsaus ntuj ntawm cov tshuaj no txaus kom qab zib nyob rau tom qab thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob yam tsis tas siv zog ntxiv. Niaj hnub no, Tresiba kwv yees 3 zaug kim dua li Levemir thiab Lantus. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj caij nyoog ua lag luam, nws tsim nyog siv nws.

Hloov mus rau qhov ntev ntev Tresiba insulin tsis tshem tawm qhov xav tau kom tsis txhob muaj noj hmo lig. Cov tshuaj no ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov siab me kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm 11 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb tiag, tom qab ntawd xaum nws zoo dua tsis yog thaum mus pw, tab sis ntawm 18.00-20.00.

Kev xaiv ntawm koob tshuaj txuas ntxiv ntawm ib hnub

Qhov hno cov insulin ntev ntev tau ua los ua kom cov piam thaj ib txwm nyob hauv ib plab plab. Cov tshuaj Lantus, Tujeo, Levemir thiab Tresiba tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qab zib tom qab noj mov. Tsis tas li, tsis txhob sim ceev nrooj coj cov ntshav qab zib kom siab nrog lawv pab. Nruab nrab hom insulin Protafan, Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N, Rinsulin NPH kuj tseem tsis tuaj yeem pab daws cov teeb meem no. Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj sai - Actrapid, Humalog, Apidra lossis NovoRapid.

Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev thaum sawv ntxov? Lawv txhawb cov txiav ua tiav, txo txoj haujlwm thauj ntawm nws. Vim qhov no, hauv qee qhov mob ntshav qab zib, tus txiav ua ke nws tus kheej normalizes qab zib tom qab noj mov. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob suav rau hauv qhov no ua ntej. Nws yog qhov yuav tshwm sim uas koj xav tau kom txhaj tshuaj sai ntawm insulin ua ntej noj mov ntxiv rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm insulin txuas ntxiv thaum sawv ntxov.

Txhawm rau kom suav qhov tseeb ntawm koob tshuaj insulin ntev rau kev txhaj tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov, koj yuav tsum tshaib plab me ntsis. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog. Ntxiv koj yuav nkag siab tias yog vim li cas. Pom tau tias, kev yoo mov yog qhov zoo dua rau hnub so.

Hnub ntawm kev sim, koj yuav tsum hla tshais thiab su, tab sis koj tuaj yeem noj hmo. Yog tias koj noj cov tshuaj metformin, ua txuas ntxiv ua qhov no; tsis tas yuav tsum so. Txog tus mob ntshav qab zib uas tseem tsis tau muab thiav qhov tsis raug teeb meem, nws yog lub sij hawm kawg ua nws. Ntsuas qab zib sai li sai tau thaum koj sawv, tom qab ntawv rov qab ntxiv tom qab 1 teev thiab tom qab ntawd 3 zaug ntxiv nrog ib ncua sijhawm ntawm 3.5-4 teev. Lub sijhawm kawg uas koj ntsuas koj cov ntshav qabzib yog 11.5-13 teev tom qab sawv ntxov. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem noj hmo yog tias koj xav tau tiag tiag, tab sis theej mus pw thiab tseem yoo mov kom txog rau thaum sawv ntxov.

Kev ntsuas txhua hnub yuav ua rau nkag siab txog qhov koj cov piam thaj pauv ntawm qhov khoob. Haus dej lossis tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab, tsis txhob nrawm kom qhuav. Txog ntawm lub sijhawm koj ntsuas koj cov ntshav qab zib 1 teev tom qab sawv, lub sijhawm sawv ntxov thaum sawv ntxov tau ploj mus. Koj txaus siab rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov piam thaj thaum nruab hnub. Koj yuav hno Levemir, Lantus lossis Tresiba yam li tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi tsawg kawg no thiab 5.0 mmol / L.

Koj tuaj yeem ua qauv qhia kev xam ntawm qhov sawv ntxov ntxov ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev?

Cov hauv qab no yog qhov piv txwv tiag tiag. Ib tug neeg mob uas mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 ntawm qhov mob hnyav tau noj hmo ua ntej hnub Saturday, thiab hnub Sunday tau sim ua "tshaib plab" sim.

Tus neeg mob tau xaj qab zib tsawg dua, vim tias ob peb hnub dhau los nws hloov mus noj cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj carb ntau. Tam sim no nws txog lub sij hawm yuav coj nws rov qab los nrog cov tshuaj insulin tsawg. Kev kho mob pib nrog xam qhov tseeb ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj Levemir, Lantus, Tujeo lossis Tresiba.

Cov kws kho mob uas muaj hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nyiam muab tshuaj txij li pib los ntawm 10-20 IU ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ib hnub, yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv lawv tus yam ntxwv. Siv txoj hauv kev no yog poob siab heev. Vim tias nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas ua raws li cov zaub mov noj qab zib qis, qhov ntau ntawm 10 PIECES ntawm cov insulin ntev ntev yuav ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib tsawg.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, uas tau ntsuas thaum 8 teev sawv ntxov, tuaj yeem siv los xaiv lossis kho cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntxiv thaum hmo ntuj. Yog tias tus mob ntshav qab zib muaj noj hmo lig nag hmo, hnub no yuav tsum tsis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv teev cia.

Thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog qhov tshwm sim thaum sawv ntxov nws yuav luag tiav, thiab qab zib feem tsawg. Thaum nruab hnub nyob rau hauv lub plab khoob, nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 5.9 mmol / L. Hom phiaj yog 4.0-5.5 mmol / L. Txhawm rau kom pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev, nws raug nquahu kom siv qis qis ntawm 5.0 mmol / L. Txawv: 5.9 mmol / L - 5.0 mmol / L = 0.9 mmol / L.

Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum xam qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis paub txog cov tshuaj insulin (PSI), suav txog tus neeg mob lub cev qhov hnyav. Yuav ua li cas qhov no tau piav qhia saum toj no hauv ntu ntawm kev xaiv koob tshuaj rau yav hmo ntuj. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov pib noj thaum sawv ntxov, 0.9 mmol / L yuav tsum muab faib rau PSI.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm xam cov ncua sij hawm txhaj tshuaj insulin rau hmo ntuj thiab txhaj tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov?

Txhawm rau xam qhov pib noj tshuaj rau yav hmo ntuj, yam tsawg kawg sib txawv hauv qab zib qib thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob thiab yav tsaus ntuj dhau los tau siv. Tau hais tias cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav sawv ntxov tshaj li yav tsaus ntuj. Txwv tsis pub, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev thaum hmo ntuj tsis tas yuav txhua.

Txhawm rau xam pib qhov pib ntawm ntev insulin thaum sawv ntxov, qhov tsawg kawg sib txawv ntawm cov piam thaj thaum nruab hnub nyob rau hauv lub plab khoob (thaum yoo mov) thiab qhov qis tshaj ntawm qhov kev cai yog 5.0 mmol / l. Yog tias thaum lub hnub tshaib plab tshaj plaws cov piam thaj yuav poob tsawg kawg ib zaug qis dua 5.0 mmol / L - koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov tshuaj insulin txuas ntxiv thaum sawv ntxov.

Qhov tshuaj insulin rhiab heev tau suav tib yam rau kev txhaj tshuaj thaum yav tsaus ntuj thiab yav sawv ntxov.

Tej zaum kev sim yuav qhia tau tias koj tsis tas yuav txhaj tshuaj Lantus, Tujeo, Levemir lossis Tresiba cov tshuaj thaum hmo ntuj thiab / lossis thaum sawv ntxov. Txawm li cas los xij, luv luv lossis ultrashort insulin tej zaum yuav xav tau ua ntej noj mov.

Feem ntau yuav yog, cov koob ntawm insulin ntev rau kev txhaj tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov yuav qis dua hmo ntuj. Ntawm hom 2 Ntshav Qab Zib, nyob rau qee kis, nws tsis xav tau txhua lub sijhawm. Hauv lub xeev thaum muaj kev yoo mov, cov piam thaj thaum nruab hnub yuav dhau mus ua haujlwm dua los yog dua li qub txawm tias tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab thaum sawv ntxov ntawm insulin. Tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov no, tab sis ua ib qho kev sim thiab nrhiav kom paub tseeb.

Nws raug nquahu kom rov ua qhov kev sim ua ntxiv 1-2 zaug nrog ib nrab ntawm 1 lub lis piam txhawm rau kom meej meej thaum sawv ntxov noj ntawm cov tshuaj Lantus, Tujeo, Levemir lossis Tresiba. Hauv kev sim ntau zaus thaum sawv ntxov, qhov koob tshuaj uas tau xaiv lub sijhawm dhau los yog raug muab. Tom qab ntawd lawv hla pluas tshais thiab su thiab saib seb kev ntshav qabzib nyob li cas. Nws tuaj yeem hloov tawm tias thaum sawv ntxov thaum txuas ntxiv ntawm insulin xav tau nce ntxiv me ntsis lossis, hloov dua siab tshiab, txo qis.

Tus tshiab cov tshuaj insulin Tresiba, hauv txoj cai, tuaj yeem raug txhaj ib hnub ib zaug nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, thiab qhov no yuav txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, Dr. Bernstein hais tias nws zoo dua rau qhov faib cov koob tshuaj no rau ob koob tshuaj ib hnub. Tab sis hauv dab tsi feem sib cais cais - tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia kiag tsis tau.

Lantus, Tujeo thiab Levemir yuav tsum tau muab tua thaum yav sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Rau cov tshuaj insulin no, ib qho txhaj tshuaj ib hnub yuav tsis txaus, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi txog cov tshuaj hais. Nruab nrab insulin Protafan tsis pom zoo txhua, txawm tias nws raug pub dawb. Tib yam siv rau nws cov analogues - Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N, Rinsulin NPH

Tsis txhob sim noj cov ntshav qabzib tom qab noj nrog insulin ntev. Rau qhov no, npaj luv lossis ultrashort npaj yog npaj - Humalog, NovoRapid, Apidra thiab lwm tus. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov insulin ntev ntev thaum sawv ntxov tsis tuaj yeem siv los kho cov piam thaj hauv siab thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob.

Kuv puas yuav tsum tau noj tom qab txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev?

Cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov lus nug ntawd txhais tau hais tias tus mob ntshav qab zib tau qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis paub txog kev paub txog kev kho mob insulin. Thov rov nyeem cov ntawv rau ntawm lub xaib dua ua ntej pib muab tshuaj. Nkag siab vim li cas lawv tso cov insulin ntev ntev thaum hmo ntuj thiab yav sawv ntxov, seb cov kev txhaj tshuaj no cuam tshuam li cas nrog cov khoom noj. Yog tias koj tsis noj qab haus dhau, txoj kev kho uas tsis tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntshav qab zib tsis txaus lossis tsuas yog tsis ua haujlwm.

Yuav ua li cas poob ceeb thawj yog tias koj yuav tsum txhaj koj tus kheej nrog kev tiv thaiv ntev tshaj tawm cov ntshav qab zib?

Qhov tseeb tiag, cov tshuaj insulin yog ib yam tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev poob ntawm cov rog hauv lub cev thiab ua rau cov neeg poob phaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj. Hloov mus rau cov zaub mov noj kom tsawg thiab ua raws li nws kom zoo. Qhov no yuav txo qhov koob ntawm cov insulin sai thiab lub caij ntev los ntawm 2-7 zaug, feem ntau yog 4-5 zaug. Koj txoj kev pheej hmoo yuav poob phaus.

Kev noj haus ntshav qab zib tsawg thiab txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov qis, ua tib zoo xaiv cov koob tshuaj insulin yog txoj hauv kev zoo los kho ntshav qab zib. Koj cov piam thaj yuav rov zoo li qub, txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem poob ceeb thawj. Koj tuaj yeem lav tias koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm koj cov ntshav qab zib kom zoo yog tias koj ua tib zoo ua raws li cov lus pom. Hmoov tsis zoo, txog kev poob phaus tuaj yeem lav tsis tau.

Qee tus neeg mob txo lawv cov tshuaj insulin kom poob phaus, txawm tias lawv muaj ntshav qab zib cov ntshav siab. Tshwj xeeb feem ntau qhov no yog qhov kev txhaum ntawm cov ntxhais hluas. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no tsuas yog koj npaj tau kom paub txog cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub raum, ob txhais ceg, thiab qhov muag. Tsis tas li, kev mob plawv thaum pib lossis mob stroke tuaj yeem yog txoj kev lom zem tsis nco qab.

Yuav ua li cas txhaj tshuaj insulin ntev thaum kuaj pom acetone hauv cov zis?

Hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas ua raws li cov zaub mov muaj cov carb qis, cov acetone (ketones) feem ntau pom nyob hauv cov zis. Qhov no tsis txaus ntshai rau cov neeg laus, rau menyuam yaus ntev li ntev tau lawv cov piam thaj tsis siab tshaj 8-9 mmol / l. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntaus cov tshuaj insulin ntxiv raws li ntsuas ntawm qabzib hauv ntshav. Kev pom ntawm cov acetone hauv cov zis yuav tsum tsis yog lub laj thawj uas yuav ua rau kom cov koob tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv yog tias cov piam thaj tseem nyob li qub.

Acetone yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij txog rau theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav mus tawm ntawm kev ntsuas. Qhov tseeb, nws yog roj rau lub hlwb. Koj tuaj yeem kuaj tsis tau txhua lub sijhawm. Hloov chaw rau kev kuaj xyuas cov zis rau acetone, tsom mus rau koj qib ntshav qabzib. Tsis txhob muab cov mob ntshav qab zib carbohydrates rau tshem tawm acetone! Yuav tiv taus thaum kws kho mob lossis kwv tij.

Vim li cas nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj insulin tiv thaiv nruab nrab?

Hauv cov tshuaj insulin Protafan, zoo ib yam li hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N thiab Rinsulin NPH, thiaj li hu ua nruab nrab tshuaj tiv thaiv Hagedorn ntxiv. Qhov no yog cov tsiaj cov protein uas tau siv los ua kom qeeb ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws ua rau ua xua ntau dua li peb xav tau. Ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib sai sai lossis ntev tom qab tau mus kuaj X-ray nrog kev qhia paub cov kua sib txawv ua ntej kev phais mob rau cov hlab ntsha uas pub rau lub plawv lossis lub hlwb. Hauv cov neeg mob uas tau siv Protafan, thaum tshuaj ntsuam xyuas no, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaum fab hnyav nrog rau qhov tsis nco qab thiab txawm tias kev tuag tau nce.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntev dua tshiab tsis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab Hagedorn thiab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog nws. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas ua raws li cov zaub mov noj uas tsis muaj cov carb qis yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj hormones qis qis uas ua rau nws cov ntshav qabzib tsawg dua. Hauv kev siv ntau npaum li cas, cov tshuaj protafan siv tau rau tsis pub ntev tshaj 7-8 teev. Nws tsis txaus rau tag nrho hmo ntuj kom tau qab zib nyob rau yav sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau daig 2 zaug thaum nruab hnub.

Rau cov laj thawj no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm hom tshuaj insulin Protafan, Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Biosulin N thiab Rinsulin NPH tsis xis nyob thiab tsis nyab xeeb heev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau lawv los ntawm lawv mus rau Levemir, Lantus lossis Tujeo. Thiab yog tias muaj nyiaj txiag tso cai, tom qab ntawd tau muab cov tshuaj insulin Tresiba tshiab tshaj plaws.

29 lus hais txog "insulin ntev: Muab xam"

Nyob zoo Hnub nyoog 33 xyoo, qhov siab 169 cm, qhov hnyav 67 kg. Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1 pib 7 lub hlis dhau los. Tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv, tsuas yog tsis muaj hypothyroidism, uas kuv tau raug kev txom nyem 13 xyoos. Tus kws kho mob tau hais tawm cov tshuaj insulin txuas ntxiv thaum sawv ntxov thaum 07 teev 12 units thiab yav tsaus ntuj thaum 19 teev 8 ntu, nws hais kom noj cov zaub mov kom sib npaug. Kuv nyob hauv hom no tau 6 lub hlis, thiab tom qab ntawd kuv pom koj lub xaib thiab hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov kom tsis muaj cov carbohydrate tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, hypoglycemia pheej tau txais. Nws txawm tau dhau mus txog 2.1 mmol / l thaum hmo ntuj thiab yav tav su. Hnub ua ntej nag hmo, cov tshuaj insulin txuas ntxiv tau raug txo qis rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm 2 ntu thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Tag kis no muaj 4.2 qab zib ntawm lub plab khoob, tom qab noj tshais tom qab 2 teev - tsuas yog 3.3. Kuv tau noj zaub ntau dua, tab sis tseem, 2 teev ua ntej noj hmo, qab zib 3.2. Kuv ua dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm? Kuv noj ib hnub - cov nqaijrog 350 g, carbohydrates 30 g, txhua yam tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau tso cai.

Feem ntau yuav, koj tau tub nkeeg heev los kawm ib tsab xov xwm txog kev ua kom lub qog ntshav qab zib - http://endocrin-patient.com/nizkiy-sahar-v-krovi/ - xyuas seb yuav nce qab zib li cas nrog cov piam thaj

Koj cov ntshav qab zib pib tom qab 30 xyoo. Cov kab mob zoo li no yooj yim. Lub txiav ua tiav ntau ntawm nws cov insulin. Koj xav tau cov koob tshuaj qis heev hauv kev txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias kuv yog koj, Kuv yuav hloov pauv chaw li 1-2 chav nyob thiab ntxiv rau yog tsim nyog. Hloov chaw ntawm maj mam txo qis thiab ntes cov ntu kev kub siab ntawm lub qog ntshav qab zib.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj yog nyob rau txoj cai taug.

Nyob zoo. Kuv tau mob hom mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab. Raws li kws kho mob tau hais, kuv muab cov tshuaj insulin Mikstard 30 NM. Kuv muab tshuaj hno 2 zaug ib hnub - thaum sawv ntxov 16 PIECES thiab yav tsaus ntuj 14 PIECES. Cov ntshav qab zib kav txog 14, tsis poob qis dua. Tib lub sijhawm kuv zoo li qub. Puas yog nws ua tau los txhawm rau kom koob tshuaj? Yog tias muaj, muaj pes tsawg units? Puas yuav muaj lwm yam teeb meem ntxiv? Tej zaum cov tshuaj Mikstard 30 NM tsis haum rau kuv? Tsaug ua ntej.

Tej zaum cov tshuaj Mikstard 30 NM tsis haum rau kuv?

Cov hom tshuaj insulin sib xyaw, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau cov ntshav qab zib kom zoo, yog li lawv tsis tham txog ntawm no.

Yog tias koj xav ua lub neej zoo, nyeem kab lus ntawm kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 - http://endocrin-patient.com/lechenie-diabeta-1-tipa/ - thiab ua raws li cov lus pom zoo.

Tus me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, hnyav 51.6 kg, levemir nruab hnub 12, tsaus ntuj 7, kuj Novorapid thaum sawv ntxov 6, noj su 5, noj hmo 5 chav.
Yuav ua li cas los xam cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin? Lawv tau pw tsev kho mob thaum lub Yim Hli 2.

Yuav ua li cas los xam cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin?

Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm cov lus ntawm lub vev xaib no thiab ua tej yam uas sau rau hauv.

Cov tshuaj insulin yog "kho rau qhov ntse." Nws yuav siv li ob peb hnub los xyuas seb yuav siv nws li cas kom raug.

Kuv nco koj tias txhua txoj kev ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin piav qhia rau hauv lub xaib no zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas ua raws li cov zaub mov noj qis.

Cov nuances tswj kev tsis hnov ​​qab cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov menyuam yaus - http://endocrin-patient.com/diabet-detey/

Nyob zoo Tav Kuv muaj hnub nyoog 49 xyoos, mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 kwv yees li ib xyoos. Tus kws kho mob pom zoo Januvius ntsiav tshuaj tshiab. Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lawv qhov kev nkag, qab zib poob - nws tsis nce siab dua 10 units hauv ib hnub. Tab sis kuv xaj Tujeo lub insulin rau 20 units. Kuv tsis tau txhaj lub lim tiam dhau los - Kuv ntshai tias qab zib yuav poob ntau! Los yog tso ib koob tshuaj txog 10 units? Ua tsaug rau koj

qab zib tau poob - nws tsis nce siab dua 10 units hauv ib hnub.

Saib ntawm kab lus txog cov teeb meem ntshav qab zib - http://endocrin-patient.com/oslozhneniya-diabeta/ - kom koj thiaj li muaj qhov mob siab los kho koj tus kheej kom zoo

Los yog tso ib koob tshuaj txog 10 units?

Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm txog tsab xov xwm uas koj sau tawm lus, nrog rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv tshuaj insulin. Saib xyuas qhov muaj zog ntawm qab zib. Thiab txiav txim siab siv cov ntaub ntawv no.

Nws tsis muaj qhov sai thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin. Nov yog qhov cuab yeej ntse.

Nyob zoo Tav Kuv tau mob ntshav qab zib ntau dua 15 xyoos. Hnub nyoog - 54 xyoo, qhov hnyav 108 kg nrog qhov siab ntawm 198 cm. Hauv tsev kho mob, tsev kho mob tau sau thawj zaug tshuaj insulin Protafan - 14 thaum sawv ntxov + 12 nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj. Lawv kuj tseg kuv cov ntsav ntshav qab zib rau kuv. Insuman Bazal tau muab rau ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj vim tias lawv tsis muaj ib qho protafan. Nws txawm muaj lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab ntau npaum li cas. Kuv kuj tau txais 60 ntsiav tshuaj mob ntshav qab zib. Txhua yam zoo nyob ntawm no, kuv yuav ua li cas? Lub sijhawm zoo li cas? Lawv hais tias nws zoo dua hauv plab, yog li ntawd?

Koj yuav tsum kawm kab lus - http://endocrin-patient.com/lechenie-diabeta-2-tipa/ - thiab tom qab ntawv kho nws, raws li nws hais.

Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntawm no - http://endocrin-patient.com/oslozhneniya-diabeta/ - dab tsi tseem tos koj yog tias koj tub nkeeg.

Lub sijhawm zoo li cas? Lawv hais tias nws zoo dua hauv plab, yog li ntawd?

Nyob zoo.Kuv muaj hnub nyoog 33 xyoo, Tau mob mentsis rau SD1 tau 7 xyoo. Puag - Levemir thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj rau 12 chav nyob. Noj tshais, su thiab hmo - Apidra rau 6 pluas ua ntej noj mov. Cov no yog tag nrho cov kws kho mob sau ntawv tom qab tsev kho mob. Tab sis qab zib yog ua tiav kev puas tsuaj - lawv tau tas li hauv lub xeev dhia. Rau peb hnub nyob rau hauv kab kuv tau twb hypoying ntawm rau thaum sawv ntxov rau 2.5. Txuas ntxiv ntshav qog 3 teev tom qab noj tshais. Txo cov koob tshuaj ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau 10 units thaum sawv ntxov, tab sis tseem tsis muaj qabzib 2 teev tom qab noj mov. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tsis tu ncua. Cov xwm txheej tsis zoo thaum nruab hnub tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb - zoo li yog koj tau ntog tawm ntawm qhov tseeb, txawm hais tias lub sijhawm no qab zib yog qhov qub. Cov kev xav zoo li no yog los ntawm kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin? Tej zaum hauv kuv cov ntshav muaj ntau nws thiab txawm tias siv yeeb tshuaj luv-tib lub sijhawm?

Cov tswv yim yog qhov ua tiav kev puas tsuaj - lawv tau tas li hauv lub xeev dhia.

Koj yuav tsum hloov mus rau qhov kev noj zaub mov kom tsis txhob carb, thiab tom qab ntawd kho koj cov tshuaj insulin koj tus kheej kom noj zaub mov tshiab. Yuav ua li cas ua qhov no tau piav qhia meej hauv lub xaib. Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin feem ntau txo 2-7 zaug. Qhov qis dua lawv yog, kev ruaj khov ntau ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.

Kuj hauv peb tus channel YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVrmYJR-Vjb8y62rY3Vl_cw - nws muaj qhov video "Yuav Ua Cas Tso Tau ntshav qab zib cov ntshav txaus"

piam thaj tsawg 2 teev tom qab noj mov. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tsis tu ncua.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib thiab dhia ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav qabzib yog ib qho thiab tib qho teeb meem. Nws txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg thiab xaiv qhov kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj insulin.

Cov no yog tag nrho cov kws kho mob sau ntawv tom qab tsev kho mob.

Yog tias koj xav ua neej nyob, koj yuav tsum xav nrog koj tus kheej lub taub hau, thiab tsis cia siab rau cov kws kho mob los kho ntshav qab zib thiab lwm yam mob ntsig txog.

txawv txav txawv txav thaum nruab hnub - zoo li koj poob tawm ntawm kev muaj tiag

Nws zoo li kev huam yuaj ntawm cerebrovascular

Nyob zoo Sergey! Kuv muaj hnub nyoog 33 xyoo, hnyav 62 kg, qhov siab 167 cm. Cov kab mob tsis zoo - niam thiab txiv yuav muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 2, lwm niam pog muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1. Thaum cev xeeb tub thib ob hauv xyoo 2010, lawv pom pom tias muaj qab zib thiab muaj ntshav qab zib tsis tsaug zog. Kev tswj hwm nws ntawm kev yoo mov, cov tshuaj insulin tsis prick. Ob tus menyuam yaus (txij thaum yug thawj zaug, ib yam nkaus) yug tau loj - 4.5 kg. Txij thaum ntawd kuv tau ua phooj ywg nrog glucometer. Tom qab ntawd xyoo 2013, C-peptide tsis muab, tab sis cov tshuaj insulin yog nyob rau ntawm qis qis ntawm qhov kev txwv, glycated hemoglobin yog 6.15% thiab maj mam dhau xyoo. Lawv tso 2 hom ntshav qab zib, kws kho mob Januvia. Kuv tsis tau haus nws, Kuv sim ua raws li kev noj haus, zoo li thaum cev xeeb tub. Hauv 2017, glycated hemoglobin nce rau 7,8%, C-peptide thiab insulin - qhov qis qis dua ib txwm. Lawv kuaj mob ntshav qab zib zuj zus hom 1 ntshav qab zib, tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Pom koj lub xaib, hloov mus rau kev noj haus tsawg-carb txij thaum Lub Kaum Hlis 2017. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, glycated hemoglobin yog 5.7%, nyob rau lub Ib Hlis - 5.8%. Ntawm koj lub xaib yav dhau los, thaum ua kev kuaj mob Lada, muaj ib qho kev pom zoo uas koj yuav tsum pib txhaj cov tshuaj insulin txuas rau hauv cov koob tshuaj me me. Ntawm no Kuv tabtom sim nkag siab tias kuv xav tau ntau npaum li cas? Thaum tsaus ntuj, kuv cov piam thaj txo los ntawm 0.5-0.3 mmol - uas txhais tau tias nws tsis tsim nyog los thaum hmo ntuj. Thiab thaum tav su, yog tias kuv tshaib plab, ces qab zib tuaj yeem poob thaum yav tsaus ntuj mus rau 3.5-4.5! Kuv yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj dab tsi ntxiv? Tib lub sijhawm, 2 teev tom qab noj qab zib, feem ntau yog 5.8-6.2, tsis tshua muaj siab. Thiab thaum sawv ntxov tom qab noj mov, qab zib rov qab yauv rov qab maj mam dua li tom qab noj su thiab ua hmo. Kuv noj tshais feem ntau nplawm qe los yog ntuag qe nrog cov hlais. Tsaug rau daim teb.

Raug kuaj mob ntshav qab zib zuj zus hom 1 ntshav qab zib

Tsis tshua muaj kev vam meej endocrinologist! Qee lub sijhawm nws qhia lub vev xaib no rau nws.

thaum ua kev kuaj mob, Lada tam sim pib txhaj cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev hauv kev siv me me. Ntawm no Kuv tabtom sim nkag siab tias kuv xav tau ntau npaum li cas?

Koj tuaj yeem pib nrog kev qhia ntawm 1 unit ntawm insulin ntev thiab tom qab ntawd nce qhov koob los ntawm 0.5-1 units raws li xav tau. Kev xaiv cov caij nyoog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov teeb meem loj dua uas yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem rau ib leeg.

Thiab thaum tav su, yog tias kuv tshaib plab, ces qab zib tuaj yeem poob thaum yav tsaus ntuj mus rau 3.5-4.5!

Kev ntsuas kev yoo mov yuav tsum ua rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, uas siv ob yam tshuaj tib lub sijhawm thiab txhaj tshuaj insulin sai ua ntej noj mov. Qhov no tsis yog koj li. Koj tus mob kuj mob mentsis.

Raws li kuv nkag siab nws, qab zib nce feem ntau tom qab noj mov. Hauv txoj cai, insulin ceev yuav tsum raug tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov mob sib khuav xwb. Yog li, kev txhaj tshuaj ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj txuas tuaj yeem muab qhov ua tiav tsis muaj teebmeem.

Sau cov ntaub ntawv, sau cov ntawv qhia txhua hnub los xaiv lub sijhawm ntawm hno.

Nyob zoo.
Raug kuaj mob ntshav qab zib hauv plab gestational. 33 xyoo, cev xeeb tub 28-29 lub lis piam. Tsis muaj cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nyob hauv tsev neeg. Kuv hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg. Thaum pib, piam thaj hauv thawj hnub thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob poob rau 5,3, tab sis tom qab ntawd ntxiv los ua tsis pub dhau 6.2. Ib teev tom qab noj mov, Kuv tsis tau sawv siab dua 7.2. Muab tso rau ntev insulin Levemir 2 cov khoom thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Kuv pluas mov kawg yog nyob 18.00. Kuv muab qhov txhaj tshuaj ntawm 23.00. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob khoob 6.6, tom qab noj tshais hauv ib teev nce mus txog 9.3. Dab tsi qhov no tuaj yeem txuas nrog? Kuv txhawb nqa khoom noj, raws li qhia hauv lub xaib no.

tom qab noj tshais hauv ib teev txog 9.3. Dab tsi qhov no tuaj yeem txuas nrog?

Hmoov tsis zoo, txhaj tshuaj yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Levemir tsis txaus rau tag nrho hmo ntuj, nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov teeb meem thaum sawv ntxov.

Nws raug nquahu kom hloov mus rau Tresiba insulin lossis txhaj ntxiv thaum ib tag hmo, li 3-4 teev sawv ntxov.

Nyob zoo Tav Kuv yog 53 xyoos. 2 lub hlis dhau los hauv tsev kho mob tau kuaj pom tias mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Nws tau tshuaj lub sijhawm ntev tshaj tawm insulin Tujeo 8 units ntawm 22.00 + luv luv Novorapid los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov carbohydrates noj. Kuv kawm paub suav cov khob cij. Nyob hauv tsev kho mob, lawv tau hais peb txhua qhov hauv 1 hnub. Kuv ua raws kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg-carb. Muaj kev txhaws ntawm cov ntshav qog. Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov insulin txuas ntxiv yuav tsum raug txo mus rau 5 units. Yav tsaus ntuj qab zib - 6.5-8.0. Tam sim no qab zib thaum sawv ntxov yog 6-6.5. Tab sis thaum nruab hnub 4.1-5.2. Vim li cas tsis muaj piam thaj hauv qab txhua hnub? Kev tawm dag zog lub cev?

thaum nruab hnub 4.1-5.2. Vim li cas tsis muaj piam thaj hauv qab txhua hnub?

Nws tsis yog qis dua, tab sis ib txwm

Kuv muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1, tam sim no kuv kawm qhov chaw thiab pib hloov mus rau koj lub cev. Nws tsis paub meej npaum li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas txhaj tshuaj insulin thaum qoj ib ce? Tus kws kho mob hais tias koj yuav tsum tsuav me ntsis. Tab sis ntawm qhov tsis tooj, kuv qab zib nce tom qab ua si kis las. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias kuv twb nyob rau qhov muaj kev txwv qis-carb cov zaub mov noj.

Nws tsis paub meej npaum li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas txhaj tshuaj insulin thaum qoj ib ce?

Qhov no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ib leeg zuj zus, los ntawm kev sim siab thiab qhov yuam kev.

Ntawm ib sab, kev ua kom lub cev ua rau cov insulin rhiab heev thiab ua rau kom txo tau cov koob tshuaj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho kev thauj khoom ntse ua rau kev tso tawm ntawm adrenaline thiab lwm yam kev ntxhov siab. Lawv txhim kho cov ntshav qab zib kom ntau.

Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov kis las uas koj ua. Kuv tsis pom zoo kev qhia kev tawm tsam, txawm hais tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig uas cov chav kawm coj los. Tsis tas li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim ua tus neeg txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev. Ntev mus, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj mob ntshav qab zib ntau dua. Kuv qhov kev xaiv yog khiav ntawm kev deb, nrog rau kev ua kom lub zog nrog koj tus kheej hnyav hauv tsev. Koj tuaj yeem qhia hauv chav ntaus kis las. Tab sis los tsim ib lub hom phiaj tsim kom muaj kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsis tig mus rau hauv lub suab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas tau kho nrog insulin kom nyob twj ywm.

Nyob zoo Tav Tus me nyuam muaj 5 xyoo puas tuaj yeem tso rau cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg? Tom qab txhua tus, muaj lub tswv yim tias cov menyuam lub cev yuav tsum tau noj kom muaj nuj nqis, rau kev loj hlob. Thiab puas muaj kev cai hais txog kev noj zaubmov carbohydrate txhua hnub rau menyuam yaus?

Tus me nyuam muaj 5 xyoo puas tuaj yeem tso rau cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg? Thiab puas muaj kev cai hais txog kev noj zaubmov carbohydrate txhua hnub rau menyuam yaus?

Ntawm no http://endocrin-patient.com/diabet-detey/ - koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no

Tom qab txhua tus, muaj lub tswv yim tias cov menyuam lub cev yuav tsum tau noj kom muaj nuj nqis, rau kev loj hlob

Yog tias cov menyuam yaus mob ntshav qab zib tsis tso rau hauv kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg, qhov tshwm sim yuav hnyav. Qhov no tsis yog kev xav, tab sis ntaub ntawv raug.

Ua tsaug ntau Sergey rau koj kev ua haujlwm!

Nyob zoo Kuv tau mob ntshav qab zib txij lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo no. Kev kuaj mob nrog hom 1. Npaj lantus thiab novorapid. Kuv maj nrawm nrawm rau hauv insulin. Kuv sim ua raws li kev noj haus, Kuv taug kev 7 km txhua hnub. Novorapid plooj hauv XE - txog 2-4 units 3 zaug ib hnub. Nqa - 10 chav nyob thaum 22:30. Thaum sawv ntxov, qab zib yog 5.5-7.0. Thaum tav su nws tshwm sim Kuv npau taws, thiab qee zaum muaj piam thaj saum 11. Kuv txhawj xeeb txog qhov hnyav nce. Tau 5 lub hlis kuv khwv tau 5 kg. Qhov siab 165 cm, hnyav 70 kg. Qhia kuv yuav ua li cas.

Kuv yeej hlub txog qhov hnyav hnyav zuj zus.

Tsis rau ib yam dab tsi ua kom muaj siab. Ntshav qab zib Hom 1 thiab ua rog dhau yog qhov sib xyaw uas tua tau sai.

Ua tib zoo nyeem lub vev xaib no thiab ua raws cov lus pom zoo.

Nyob zoo Tav Kuv muaj 31 xyoo, hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib txij li 14 xyoo. Tsis ntev dhau los kuv pauv mus rau Tujeo hloov chaw ntawm Teeb. Kuv noj tag nrho kuv lub neej zoo, thaum koj hu nws, noj cov zaub mov carb qis. Glycated hemoglobin 5.5 mmol. Tab sis tom qab yug tus me nyuam thaum 30, qhov ntsuas tau pib dhia. Thiab tom qab hloov mus rau Tujeo thaum nruab hnub, siab lossis ib txwm li rau 6.0. Thaum tsaus ntuj, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov ib txwm los yog kwv yees li 9, tom qab ntawd ib lub jab ntawm 2 qhov chaw tso zis. Tab sis thaum sawv ntxov, nrog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, tus nqi siab siab, qee zaum txog 15! Kuv tsis nkag siab qhov laj thawj no. Ultra-luv insulin Kuv ua txog 8 ntu, txo yog tias kuv noj tsawg dua XE, raws li 1 XE 1-2 units ntawm insulin. Tujeo, zoo li Lantus ua ntej ntawd, Kuv ua 17 noj hmo ib hmos ib hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Kuv muaj kev nquag hws, tab sis tom qab yug me nyuam kuv nyuaj rau lawv thiab cheem tsis tau lawv. Feem ntau cov yuav muaj, qhov no yog hmo ntuj hypo, tab sis kuv tsis paub tseeb, vim kuv pw zoo. Tsis nqhis dej, tsis muaj kev npau suav phem, tsis nkees.

Kuv noj tag nrho kuv lub neej zoo, thaum koj hu nws, noj cov zaub mov carb qis.

Koj dag rau koj tus kheej thiab sim dag kuv. Tab sis kuv yooj yim qhia koj cov lus dag. Ua ntej, koj suav carbohydrates hauv XE. Thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm peb "sect" suav lawv hauv grams, noj tsis ntau dua 2-2.5 XE ib hnub. Qhov thib ob, koj muab koj tus kheej koob tshuaj ntawm insulin. Qhov tiag tiag cov zaub mov tsis muaj carb, lawv yuav tsawg kawg 2 zaug qis dua, lossis qis dua 3-7 zaug.

Tab sis thaum sawv ntxov, nrog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, tus nqi siab siab, qee zaum txog 15! Kuv tsis nkag siab qhov laj thawj no.

Hmoov tsis zoo, kev daws qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum muaj teeb meem ntau. Koj yuav tsum sawv thaum ib tag hmo rau ntawm lub tswb moos thiab ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntxiv rau cov tshuaj insulin. Cov insulin ntev ntev - thaum ib tag hmo. Lossis ceev thaum 4-5 sawv ntxov. Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua, koj nruab nws empirically.

Koj tuaj yeem sim nrog Tujeo mus rau Tresib, uas tuav tau ntev dua thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias txawm tias hauv txoj hauv kev no nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau yam tsis muaj kev tso dag hmo ntuj. Tsis muaj kev yooj yim dua. Thiab cov teebmeem no yuav tsum raug daws. Txwv tsis pub, cov mob ntshav qab zib yuav hais nyob zoo tsis ntev tom qab ob peb xyoos tom qab.

Nyob zoo. Peb kawm cov xaib kom ntau li ntau tau. Tej zaum lawv yuav plam qee yam. Kuv xav nug yog tias muaj lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog tias mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60 xyoo los ntawm kev tshem tawm pancreatic? Thiab tseem tshem tawm: spleen, duodenum, gall zais zis, ib nrab ntawm lub plab, ib nrab ntawm daim siab, cov qog ntshav thiab qee lwm cov leeg ntshav. Ua tsaug ua ntej rau koj kev teb.

mob ntshav qab zib nyob rau lub hnub nyoog 60 tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm pancreatic

Nws tsis yog ua rau kev nkag siab mus rau kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg hauv carb hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Feem ntau yuav luag, cov tsheb ciav hlau twb tawm lawm. Ua raws li cov lus pom ntawm cov kws kho mob.