Cov roj ntsha ntawm lub luag haujlwm hauv roj

Cov roj khov yog cov kua tshuaj monoatomic cyclic cawv, uas yooj yim ua cholesterolides hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj thiab raug coj los ua ke hauv lub siab, cov hnyuv thiab tawv nqaij.

Cov roj ntsha ntawm lub luag haujlwm hauv roj:

1. Cov Qauv. Cov roj (cholesterol) dawb yog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev ua cov cell.

2. Kev zom zaubmov. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog qhov ua ntej ntawm cov tshuaj lom biologically: Vitamin D3, STEROID cov tshuaj hormones (ANDROGENS, ESTROGENS, CORTICOIDS) Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm oxidation ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv lub siab nrog kev koom nrog CYTOCHROME P-450, cov kua tsib muaj kua qaub. Hauv nws daim ntawv dawb, cov roj cholesterol yog thauj los ntawm lub cev siv thauj ntshav LIPOPROTEINS. Qhov chaw ntawm cov roj (cholesterol):

1. Khoom Noj. Rau ib hnub, 0.3 g. roj.

2. Hauv tib neeg, ntawm qhov nruab nrab, nrog qhov ntau ntawm 65-70 kg ib hnub, 3.5 -4.2 g yog hluavtaws. roj. Lub siab ua haujlwm rau thaj chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) Yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab thiab cov hnyuv, tsim thiab thauj cov ntshav LP cuam tshuam. Nrog kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab thiab cov kab mob hauv plab, kev tsim thiab kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub uas koom nrog hauv kev zom ntawm cov zaub mov rog tau cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm lub outflow ntawm bile, nws yog noo nrog roj, uas ua rau tsim ntawm pob zeb cholesterol. Cov kab mob Gallstone loj tuaj. Hypercholesterolemia yog sau tseg hauv cov ntshav.

1. Qhov tsim ntawm acetoacetyl-CoA los ntawm ob lub lwg me me ntawm acetyl-CoA siv cov thiolase enzyme acetoacetyltransferase. Muaj tshwm sim hauv cytosol.

2. Kev tsim cov β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA los ntawm acetoacetyl-CoA nrog rau lub txheej thib peb ntawm acetyl-CoA qauv siv cov hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase.

3. Kev tsim cov mevalonate los ntawm kev txo qis HMG thiab kev tshem tawm HS-KoA siv NADP-depended hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase.

4. mevalonic acid yog phosphorylated ob zaug nrog ATP: txog 5-phosphomevalonate, thiab tom qab ntawd txog li 5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

5.5-pyrophosphomevalonate yog phosphorylated ntawm 3 carbon atom, sib sau - 3-phospho-5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

6. Lub tom kawg yog decarboxylated thiab dephosphorylated, isopentenyl pyrophosphate yog tsim.

7. Tom qab ua cov txheej txheem txuas mus ntxiv, squalene yog tsim.

8. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tiav, lanosterol tsim.

9.Lanosterol hloov mus rau hauv cov roj khov ua paug hauv cov qog ua kom qhov tseeb endoplasmic reticulum

Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, qog adrenal, thiab gonads nrog hyperfunction nce cov roj cholesterol ua ke, thiab nrog hypofunction lawv ua kom nws tawg. Tsis siv los ntawm lub cev cov roj cholesterol undergoes decomposition hauv daim siab. Cov khoom zom ua tau hloov mus rau cov kua tsib kua qaub thiab tawm rau hauv cov hnyuv nrog cov kua tsib.