Emoxibel - cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv

Dosage cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Emoxibel tso tawm:

  • daws rau Txoj kev lis ntshav: tsis muaj xim, pob tshab (hauv cov iav fwj ntawm 100 ml, hauv daim ntawv thawv 1 lub khob),
  • daws rau kev tso tawm (i / v) thiab intramuscular (i / m) kev tswj hwm: me ntsis xim lossis xim tsis muaj pob tshab, pob tshab (hauv 10 ml vials, hauv 5 ml ampoules, hauv pob blisters ntawm 5 ampoules, hauv daim ntawv tuab cardboard 1 lossis 2 ntim lossis 1 lub raj mis),
  • qhov muag tee: nrog daj tint lossis xim tsis muaj xim, pob tshab (hauv hwj 5 ml, hauv thawv ntawv tuab 1 lub khob),
  • kev txhaj tshuaj: tsis muaj xim, pob tshab (hauv ampoules ntawm 1 ml, hauv cov hlwv ntim ntawm 5 ampoules, hauv pob ntawv los ntawm 10 ampoules lossis 1 lossis 2 pob nrog ampoule scarifier hauv cov khoom siv).

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 1 ml Emoxibel Txoj kev lis ntshav kua tshuaj:

  • cov tshuaj nquag: methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 0.005 g,
  • ntu ntu: dej rau txhaj, sodium chloride.

Kev Koom Tes ntawm 1 ml ntawm kev daws rau iv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Emoxibel:

  • cov tshuaj nquag: methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 0.03 g,
  • ntu ntu: dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium sulfite.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg 1 ml dauv dej ntawm Ophthalmic Emoxibel:

  • cov tshuaj nquag: methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 0.01 g,
  • Lub cev pabcuam: dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj - txog 1 ml, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 0.007 5 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate - 0.006 2 g, sodium benzoate - 0,002 g, sodium sulfite - 0.003 g.

Qhov sib xyaw ntawm 1 ml Emoxibel Txhaj Tshuaj:

  • cov tshuaj nquag: methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 0.01 g,
  • Cov khoom pabcuam: dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj - txog li 1 ml, hydrochloric acid tov (0.1 M) - 0.02 ml.

Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj

Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj nquag uas yog ib feem ntawm Emoxibel, nws ua cov yeeb yam hauv qab no:

  • muaj txiaj ntsig zoo cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav coagulation system: lengthens lub sijhawm ntshav coagulation, txo qhov zuag qhia tag nrho coagulation index, inhibits platelet sib sau,
  • nce lub tsis kam ntawm cov ntshav liab rau hemolysis thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntshav liab,
  • txhim kho microcirculation,
  • nce kev ua si ntawm antioxidant enzymes, zoo inhibits dawb radical oxidation ntawm lipids ntawm biomembranes,
  • muaj antitoxic thiab angioprotective cuam tshuam, stabilizes cytochrome P450,
  • optimizes cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov xwm txheej huab, nrog los ntawm hypoxia thiab nce lipid peroxidation,
  • nce lub tsis kam ntawm lub hlwb mus rau ischemia thiab hypoxia,
  • nrog ischemic thiab hemorrhagic mob ntawm cerebral ncig txhim kho mnemonic kev khiav dej num, tswj kev kho kom rov qab koom ua ke ntawm lub hlwb, pab txhawb rau kev kho ntawm autonomic dysfunctions,
  • txo triglyceride synthesis, muaj lipid-txo cov cuab yeej,
  • txo ischemic kev puas tsuaj rau myocardium, dilates hlab ntshav hlab ntsha,
  • nrog myocardial infarction, nws ua rau muaj qhov qub ntawm myocardial metabolism, ua kom nrawm nrawm rov qab cov txheej txheem, txwv qhov loj ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm necrosis,
  • los ntawm kev txo cov xwm txheej ntawm cov mob plawv tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv chav kho mob myocardial infarction,
  • nrog circulatory tsis ua hauj lwm muab cov kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem redox.

Cov Tshuaj Pharmacokinetics

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine):

  • kev nqus: nrog rau / hauv kev taw qhia muaj lub sijhawm txo qis ib nrab hnub (T½ yog 18 min, uas qhia txog tus nqi siab ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntshav), qhov kev tshem tawm tas li yog 0.041 min, qhov tshem tag nrho ntawm Cl yog 214,8 ml ib 1 feeb,
  • kev faib tawm: qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev faib tawm - 5.2 l, sai sai rau cov khoom nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij ntawm tib neeg lub cev, qhov chaw uas nws tom qab muab tso thiab metabolized,
  • cov metabolism: nws muaj 5 metabolites sawv cev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab dealkylated cov khoom ntawm nws txoj kev hloov pauv, cov metabolites yog tawm los ntawm lub raum, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-phosphate muaj nyob hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lub siab,
  • kev nthuav tawm: cov kab mob pathological txo tus nqi ntawm nws cov kev nthuav dav, uas nce nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, thiab tseem nce nws lub sijhawm nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha (nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw khaws khoom, suav nrog los ntawm ischemic myocardium).

Cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics ntawm Emoxibel hauv kev mob hloov pauv (piv txwv li, nrog rau kev muaj mob ntawm caj dab).

Kev daws rau infusion, kev daws rau iv thiab / m tswj hwm

  • postoperative lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob puas lub hlwb raug mob, ua haujlwm rau kev mob hlwb, mob ntshav qis thiab mob ntshav nrog ua ke nrog rau lub hlwb raug mob, mob taub hau nrog mob hlwb, mob hlwb tsis txaus, mob ntshav hlab plawv tsis txaus, mob hlab ntsha tawg, hemorrhagic mob stroke, ischemic stroke nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ntawm lub cev carotid leeg thiab hauv txoj hlab pas plab (siv rau cov hlab hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb),
  • tsis xis nyob angina pectoris, kev tiv thaiv ntawm reperfusion syndrome, mob myocardial infarction (siv hauv cardiology).

Kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj

  • kub hnyiab, raug mob, mob cuam tshuam ntawm lub qhov muag,
  • detachment ntawm vascular retina ntawm lub qhov muag nrog glaucoma tom qab lub sijhawm postoperative,
  • qhuav daim ntawv ntawm angiosclerotic macular degeneration,
  • tham myopathy
  • chorioretinal dystrophy (nruab nrab thiab ntu ntu),
  • angioretinopathy, suav nrog tus mob ntshav qab zib,
  • thaj tsam hauv ib qho ntshav ntawm lub cev thiab ntau yam keeb kwm,
  • thrombosis ntawm hlab ntsha nruab nrab ntawm Retina thiab nws cov ceg,
  • kev tiv thaiv thiab kho qhov muag ntawm qhov muag nrog lub teeb siab (siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm laser coagulation, lub hnub lub hnub ci).

Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj

  • tsis tau muaj 18 xyoo
  • cev xeeb tub (tshwj tsis yog kev txhaj tshuaj)
  • lactation (tshwj tsis yog txhaj tshuaj)
  • kev tsis qaug rau lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj.

Tus txheeb ze (kab mob / mob uas muaj nyob hauv qhov chaw uas tus thawj coj ntawm Emoxibel yuav tsum ceev faj):

  • daws rau kev tswj hwm ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab intramuscular: muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev los ntshav ntau, kev phais, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo,
  • kev txhaj tshuaj: cev xeeb tub, lactation.

Txoj kev daws rau kev tso ntshav thiab intramuscular

Emoxibel yog muab rau hauv / hauv lossis / m. Ua ntej iv kev tswj hwm, txoj kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv 200 ml ntawm kev siv 5% dextrose lossis 0.9% sodium chloride.

Kev noj cov tshuaj thiab ncua sijhawm ntawm kev kho yog teem ib leeg.

  • neurology, neurosurgery: kev tso dej tawm ntawm 0.01 g rau 1 kg ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav hauv ib hnub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20-30 tee hauv 1 min rau 10-12 hnub, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob hloov mus rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 0.06-0 , 3 g 2-3 zaug ib hnub rau 20 hnub,
  • kev kho plawv: iv poob 0.6-0.9 g 1-3 zaug hauv ib hnub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20-40 tee hauv 1 feeb rau 5-15 hnub nrog kev hloov mus ntxiv ntawm tus neeg mob mus rau / m tswj kev tswj hwm ntawm 0.06-0 , 3 g ntawm cov tshuaj 2-3 zaug ib hnub twg rau 10-30 hnub.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Emoxibel txoj kev kho yog ua nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm tas li ntawm cov ntshav coagulation thiab ntshav siab.

Kev daws rau Txoj kev lis ntshav yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog lwm cov tshuaj.

Ua ntej instillation ntawm lub qhov muag, cov lo ntsiab muag muag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tom qab 20 feeb (tsis yog nyuam qhuav pib), lub lo ntsiab muag tuaj yeem hnav dua. Thaum muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj kho qhov muag, Emoxibel yog tus ua kom ntev, 15 feeb (tsis yog dhau los) tom qab ua tiav kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj dhau los.

Kev cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm tsav tsheb thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj

Thaum pib ntawm kev siv tshuaj tov rau Txoj kev lis ntshav, nrog rau cov neeg mob uas pom tias tsaug zog lossis poob qis hauv ntshav siab tom qab siv cov tshuaj rau iv thiab / m tswj hwm lossis txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsav tsheb thiab ua cov haujlwm muaj feem phom sij.

Kev Sib Sau thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev tso tawm

Emoxibel tov rau cov tshuaj ua haujlwm thiab cov tshuaj intramuscular - cov kua yog xim tsis muaj xim lossis me ntsis hauv 5 ml ampoules, muaj:

  • Cov tshuaj kom nquag: emoxypine (methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride) - 30 g,
  • Cov khoom siv ntxiv: sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium sulfite, dej.

Cov pob ntawv ntim ntawm tes 1 lossis 2 pcs. 5 ampoules hauv daim ntawv thawv thawv. Kev qhia, qhwv caj dab.

Daim ntawv noj tshuaj:

Kev piav qhia:
cov kua ntshiab, tsis muaj kob lossis kua xim.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg
1 liter: yam tshuaj: methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 30 g,
tus zam: sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

Pab pawg kws tshuaj:

Txoj Cai: C05CX

Pharmacological kev txiav txim.
Nws yog cov inhibitor ntawm cov txheej txheem dawb radical, antihypoxant thiab antioxidant. Txo cov ntshav viscosity thiab platelet ua ke, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyclic nucleotides (cAMP thiab cGMP) hauv platelets thiab cov leeg hlwb, muaj cov haujlwm fibrinolytic, txo qhov permeability ntawm lub vascular phab ntsa thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hemorrhage, txhawb lawv cov resorption. Nthuav cov hlab ntshav, thaum lub sij hawm mob myocardial infarction txwv qhov loj me ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm necrosis, txhim kho kev cog lus ntawm lub plawv thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev ua haujlwm. Nrog cov ntshav siab (BP) muaj qhov ntsuas hypotensive. Hauv cov kev mob ischemic mob tsis zoo ntawm cov hlab hlwb txo qhov mob ntawm cov tsos mob neurological ntau, nce cov ntaub so ntswg tiv thaiv hypoxia thiab ischemia.

Cov Tshuaj Pharmacokinetics
Thaum muab cov tshuaj rau ntawm ib koob ntawm 10 mg / kg, ib nrab-lub neej yog 0.3 teev, kev tshem tag nrho ntawm CL yog 0.2 l / min, qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev faib tawm yog 5.2 l. Cov tshuaj sai sai rau hauv cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov uas nws tau tso thiab metabolized. Tsib metabolites ntawm methylethylpyridinol, sawv cev los ntawm desalkylated thiab conjugated khoom ntawm nws hloov dua siab tshiab, tau pom. Methyl ethyl pyridinol metabolites yog ua tawm los ntawm lub raum. Cov teeb meem loj ntawm 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-phosphate muaj nyob hauv daim siab. Nrog rau cov kab mob plawv, ua haujlwm bioavailability nce ntxiv.

Kev ntsuas rau siv.
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev kho ua ke:

  • Hauv neurology thiab neurosurgery: hemorrhagic mob hlab ntsha hauv lub sijhawm rov qab, ischemic mob hlab ntsha hauv lub phiab ntawm sab hauv carotid leeg thiab vertebrobasillar system, hloov cov kab mob cerebrovascular, mob hlwb tsis txaus, mob ntshav siab, lub hlwb raug mob, tom qab lub sijhawm hauv cov neeg mob uas raug mob hlwb, ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. hais txog epi-, subdural thiab intracerebral hematomas, sib xyaw nrog cov nqaij doog ntshav.
  • Hauv kev mob plawv: mob myocardial infarction, tiv thaiv ntawm reperfusion syndrome, tsis khov tsis khov angina pectoris.

    Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj
    Kev ua haujlwm tsis huv, kev xeeb tub, lactation, menyuam lub hnub nyoog.

    Nrog saib xyuas: cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj peev xwm kho tus mob hemostasis, thaum phais lossis cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav tawm ntau heev (vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav platelet).

    Tsuas tshuaj thiab tswj hwm.
    Tso ncaj qha los yog intramuscularly.
    Cov koob tshuaj, lub sijhawm kho yog txiav txim siab ib tus zuj zus. Rau kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuaj, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj ua ntej tshaj nyob rau hauv 200 ml ntawm 0.9% sodium chloride tov lossis 5% dextrose tov.
    Hauv neurology thiab neurosurgery: ncaug ntshav nrog tus nqi ntawm 20-30 tee ib feeb nyob rau hauv ib koob ntawm 10 mg / kg / hnub rau 10-12 hnub, tom qab ntawd lawv hloov mus rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 60-300 mg 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 20 hnub.
    Hauv plawv: ncaug ntshav nrog ib zaug ntawm 20-40 tee ib feeb nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj 600-900 mg 1-3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 5-15 hnub, tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 60-300 mg 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 10-30 hnub Cov.

    Sab sij huam.
    Nrog kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuaj, qhov mob hnyav thiab mob raws txoj hlab ntshav yog ua tau, yuav muaj kev nce ntshav siab, ntxhov siab lossis tsaug zog, ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav coagulation. Muaj qee zaus, mob taub hau, mob nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm lub plawv, xeev siab, tsis xis nyob hauv thaj chaw epigastric, khaus thiab liab ntawm daim tawv yog ua tau.

    Kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj.
    Methyl ethyl pyridinol yog tshuaj tsis haum nrog lwm cov tshuaj, yog li sib xyaw hauv tib lub koob txhaj tshuaj lossis infusomat nrog lwm cov tshuaj txhaj tsis pub.

    Noj ntau dhau
    Cov tsos mob nce kev phiv los ntawm cov tshuaj (tshwm sim ntawm kev poob siab thiab ua kom loog), luv luv ua rau ntshav nce siab.
    Kev Kho Mob: cov tsos mob, suav nrog kev teem sijhawm tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav nce siab tiv thaiv kev tswj ntshav siab. Tsis muaj ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb.

    Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
    Kev kho mob nrog Emoxibel, nyob rau ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm kev tso ntshav thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ntawm kev tswj ntshav siab thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev cov ntshav coagulation thiab anticoagulation systems.
    Cov neeg uas tshaj tawm tsaug zog lossis tsis tuaj yeem txo ntshav siab tom qab siv Emoxibel yuav tsum tsis txhob tsav tsheb thiab muaj lub tshuab ua phom sij.

    Daim ntawv tso tawm.
    Kev daws rau kev tso ntshav thiab cov tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 30 mg / ml. 5 ml hauv ampoules.
    5 ampoules tau muab tso rau hauv blister sawb ntim ua ib zaj duab xis ntawm polyvinyl chloride thiab ntawv ci ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm aluminium varnished lossis metallized ntawv lossis ntim ntawv nrog ib txheej polymer.
    1 lossis 2 hlwv pob ntawv ua ke nrog cov lus qhia rau kev siv thiab ampule scarifiers tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom. Thaum siv ampoules nrog lub pob txha txhuam pob txha, ampoules tuaj yeem ntim tau yam tsis muaj ampoule scarifier.

    Cia rau cov neeg mob.
    Hauv qhov chaw tsaus ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov tsis siab tshaj 25 C.
    Khaws tsis ncav cuag ntawm cov menyuam yaus.

    Hnub tas sij hawm
    2 xyoos
    Tsis txhob siv tom qab hnub tas sij hawm.

    So haujlwm los ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj.
    Nws yog tso rau ntawm lub hwj tshuaj.

    Cov neeg tsis txaus siab / cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum hais qhia rau.
    RUE "Belmedpreparaty", Koom pheej ntawm Belarus, 220007, Minsk, 30 Fabritsius str.

    Pharmacological kev txiav txim

    Cov tshuaj yog antihypoxant, ib qho tshuaj antioxidant thiab ib qho inhibitor ntawm cov txheej txheem dawb radical. Nws muaj peev xwm txo cov ntshav viscosity, zoo li platelet sib sau, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyclic nucleotides (cGMP, cAMP) hauv platelets thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov haujlwm fibrinolytic, txo qhov permeability ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntshav, thiaj li txo cov ntshav tawm, thiab pab txhawb rau lawv cov resorption sai.

    Emoxibel muaj qhov sib tw retinoprotective, txhim kho qhov muag microcirculation, tiv thaiv lub retina los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb ntsig siab.

    Kev ntsuas rau siv

    • Kev sib txuam hauv qab plab lossis mob ntshav khov.
    • Angioretinopathy, chorioretinal dystrophy.
    • Retinal vascular thrombosis.
    • Dystrophic keratitis.
    • Lwm yam mob ntawm myopia.
    • Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub qhov muag thiab retina ntawm lub qhov muag los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb ntsig.
    • Hlawv, kev raug mob, o ntawm lub pob taws.
    • Cuag suav
    • Kev phais qhov muag thiab cov xwm txheej tom qab kev kho tus mob glaucoma, ua nyuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm choroid.

    Tsuas tshuaj thiab tswj hwm

    Nws yog kho kom subconjunctival / parabulbar, ib zaug ib hnub lossis txhua lwm hnub.

    Rau kev txhaj tshuaj subconjunctival, txhaj ntawm 0.2-0.5 ml ntawm 1% kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj raug pom zoo, rau parabulbar - 0.5-1 ml. Lub sijhawm siv yog los ntawm 10 txog 30 hnub. Qhov rov qab ua ntawm qhov kev kawm yog qhov ua tau txhua xyoo 2 lossis 3 zaug.

    Yog tias kev tswj hwm retrobulbar tsim nyog, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog 0.5-1ml ntawm kev daws 1%, ib hnub ib zaug rau 10-15 hnub.

    Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov retina thaum lub ntsej muag laser coagulation, parabulbar lossis retrobulbar txhaj tshuaj ntawm 0.5-1ml ntawm 1% kev daws teeb meem yog kho, uas tau ua ib hnub ua ntej cov txheej txheem, zoo li ib teev ua ntej coagulation.Tom qab cov laser coagulation, kev txhaj tshuaj txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv tib lub zog ib hnub ib zaug txog li 10 hnub.

    Cov npe ntawm Emoxibel

    Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj Emoxibel hauv ophthalmology yog cov tshuaj Emoxipin.

    Tig mus rau "Moscow Qhov Chaw Kho Mob", koj tuaj yeem kuaj sim rau cov khoom siv kuaj mob niaj hnub no, thiab raws li nws cov txiaj ntsig - tau txais cov lus pom zoo ntawm ib tus neeg los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev kho cov kab mob pom tseeb.

    Cov chaw kho mob ua haujlwm xya hnub hauv ib asthiv, xya hnub hauv ib asthiv, txij 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 9 teev tsaus ntuj ua lub sijhawm teem sijhawm thiab nug cov kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv koj lub xov tooj 8 (800) 777-38-81 thiab 8 (499) 322-36-36 lossis online, siv daim foos tsim nyog ntawm lub xaib.

    Sau rau daim foos thiab tau txais 15% luv nqi ntawm kev kuaj mob!

    Cov nqi hauv cov khw muag tshuaj hauv Moscow

    Cov ntaub ntawv muab ntawm cov nqi tshuaj tsis yog qhov qhia rau muag lossis yuav khoom.
    Cov ntaub ntawv yog npaj tsuas yog los sib piv cov nqi hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj hauv kev ua haujlwm raws li Nqe Lus 55 ntawm Tsoomfwv Txoj Cai "ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Tshuaj" hnub tim 12.04.2010 N 61-ФЗ.

    Cia Koj Saib

    Goden seriesNqe, tshiav.Cov tsev muag tshuaj