KAWG SAWV DAWS TAU SUGAR DIABETES

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (Latin ntshav qab zib mellitus) yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob endocrine uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm tus neeg tsis txheeb ze lossis tus txheeb ze (tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hlwb) insulin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, vim tias cov mob hyperglycemia - nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qabzib. Tus kab mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub caij ntev thiab ua txhaum ntawm txhua hom metabolism: carbohydrate, rog, protein, ntxhia pob zeb thiab dej-ntsev.

Muaj ntau ntau yam kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntshav qab zib nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ua ke, lawv suav nrog hauv kev teeb tsa kev kuaj mob thiab tso cai piav qhia meej txog kev mob ntawm tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib.

Kev faib tawm cov ntshav qab zib los ntawm etiology

I. Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis "ntshav qab zib rau menyuam yaus", tabsis cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tuaj yeem mob (rhuav tshem cov b-cells, uas ua rau kev txhim kho cov tsis muaj peev xwm nyob ntev mus ib txhis)

II. Yam 2 ntshav qab zib mellitus (insulin secretion defect nrog insulin kuj)

· TSWV YIM - kev tsis ncaj ncees caj ces hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm b-hlwb.

III. Lwm hom mob ntshav qab zib:

  • 1. kev mob caj ces (mob ntshav tsis txaus) ntawm insulin thiab / lossis nws cov receptors,
  • 2. cov kab mob ntawm exocrine pancreas,
  • 3. Cov kab mob endocrine (endocrinopathies): Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, diffuse toxic goiter, pheochromocytoma thiab lwm tus,
  • 4. cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib,
  • 5. mob ntshav qab zib ua rau kis tau tus mob
  • 6. cov ntawv txawv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib uas tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib,
  • 7. cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ke nrog ntshav qab zib.

IV. Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog mob pathological ua los ntawm hyperglycemia uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub hauv qee tus poj niam thiab feem ntau tsis xws li ploj mus tom qab yug menyuam. Hom ntshav qab zib no yuav tsum txawv ntawm cev xeeb tub hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.

Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm WHO, cov ntshav qab zib hauv qab no hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub muaj qhov txawv:

  • 1. Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus kuaj ua ntej cev xeeb tub.
  • 2. Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus kuaj ua ntej muaj menyuam hauv plab.
  • 3. Lub cev mob ntshav qab zib mellitus - cov lus no sib txuas nrog txhua yam kev tso kua ntshav qabzib uas tau tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub.

Raws li kev muaj mob hnyav ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib muaj peb qib ntawm ntws:

Mild (I degree) daim ntawv ntawm tus kabmob muaj tus kabmob glycemia tsawg, uas tsis pub tshaj 8 mmol / l ntawm lub plab tsis zoo, thaum tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov piam thaj hauv qab zib hauv cov ntshav thoob plaws hnub, insignificant glucosuria txhua hnub (los ntawm kab rau 20 g / l). Them nyiaj yog tswj los ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj. Nrog rau cov mob ntshav qab zib mentsis, mob taub hau mob hlwb ntawm qhov tsis hnov ​​mob thiab ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem kuaj tau rau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.

Nrog mob nrab (II degree) mob hnyav ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, ceev nrawm glycemia nce, raws li txoj cai, rau 14 mmol / l, glycemic fluctuations thoob plaws ib hnub, txhua hnub glucosuria feem ntau tsis tshaj 40 g / l, ketosis lossis ketoacidosis qee zaus tsim. Them rau cov ntshav qab zib yog ua tiav los ntawm kev noj haus thiab qhov ncauj cov ntshav qog ntshav lossis cov kua dej. Hauv cov neeg mob no, kab mob ntshav qab zib ntawm ntau cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tej theem ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshawb pom.

Mob ntshav qab zib (III degree) hom mob ntshav qab zib yog yam ntxwv ntau ntawm glycemia (ntawm lub plab tsis ntau tshaj 14 mmol / l), cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav qab zib thoob plaws hnub, ntshav siab glucosuria (ntau dua 40-50 g / l). Cov neeg mob xav tau cov tshuaj insulin tas li. Lawv qhia ntau yam mob ntshav qab zib.

Raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev them nyiaj ntawm carbohydrate metabolism ntshav qab zib muaj peb theem:

  • 1. Nyiaj txiag theem
  • 2. subcompensation theem
  • 3. Qhov theem ua kom tsis khov

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib yog ib qho mob zoo ntawm tus neeg mob uas kev kho tuaj yeem ua tiav cov piam thaj hauv ntshav thiab nws cov zis tsis tiav. Nrog rau daim ntawv uas ua kom ntshav qab zib, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, tab sis cov ntshav qabzib hauv lub cev tsis txawv ntau ntawm qhov kev txwv, uas yog, nws tsis ntau tshaj 13.9 mmol / l, thiab kev poob qab zib txhua hnub hauv qab zib tsis yog ntau tshaj 50 g. ploj lawm txhua nrho. Qhov phem tshaj yog daim ntawv decompensated mob ntshav qab zib, vim tias qhov no nws tsis muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov metabolism hauv kev noj haus thiab txo cov ntshav qab zib. Txawm hais tias kev kho mob, cov suab thaj nce siab tshaj 13.9 mmol / l, thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov zis nyob rau ib hnub tshaj li 50 g, cov tshuaj acetone tshwm nyob hauv cov zis. Hyperglycemic coma yog tau.

Hauv kev soj ntsuam daim duab ntawm ntshav qab zib, nws yog kev coj ua kom txawv ntawm ob pawg ntawm cov tsos mob: thawj thiab theem nrab.

Kev faib tawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus (WHO, 1985)

A. Cov chaw soj ntsuam

I. Mob ntshav qab zib

1. Ntshav qab zib mob ntshav insulin-mellitus (ED)

2. Cov ntshav qab zib uas tsis yog-insulin tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib (DIA)

a) hauv cov tib neeg muaj lub cev nyhav

b) hauv cov tib neeg muaj rog

3. Ntshav qab zib ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo

4. Lwm hom mob ntshav qab zib muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qee yam mob thiab syndromes:

a) mob taub hau,

b) cov kab mob endocrine,

c) mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj lossis kev sib kis tshuaj,

d) kev txawv txav ntawm insulin lossis nws cov receptor,

e) qee cov teeb txheeb raws roj ntsha,

e) sib xyaw xeev.

II. Tsis hnov ​​qab zoo

a) hauv cov tib neeg muaj lub cev nyhav

b) hauv cov tib neeg muaj rog

c) cuam tshuam nrog rau qee yam mob thiab kab ntsig (saib nqe 4)

B. Cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm txheeb cais (cov neeg uas muaj kev tso kua nplaum tawm tab sis muaj qhov pheej hmoo ua mob ntshav qab zib)

a) dhau los ua kom tsis muaj qab zib

b) muaj peev xwm hnov ​​qab tau cov qabzib.

Yog tias nyob hauv kev faib tawm los ntawm WHO tus kws tshaj lij pab neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (1980), cov lus “DIA - hom ntshav qab zib hom I” thiab “DIA - ntshav qab zib hom II” raug siv, cov lus “ntshav qab zib hom ntshav qab zib” thiab “ntshav qab zib hom II” raug tso tseg rau hauv kev faib saum toj no ”Ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv hais tias muaj cov pov thawj uas twb tau ua pov thawj uas tau ua rau muaj tus kabmob no (kev kho lub cev muaj ntshav qab zib hom I thiab qhov tsis txaus siab insulin lossis nws ua rau cov ntshav qab zib hom II). Txij li tsis yog txhua lub chaw kho mob muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov cim caj ces ntawm cov ntshav qab zib no, tom qab ntawd, raws li WHO cov kws tshaj lij, hauv cov kis no nws tsim nyog siv cov lus IZD thiab IZND. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov tseeb hais tias cov lus "hom I mob ntshav qab zib mellitus" thiab "hom II mob ntshav qab zib mellitus" tam sim no siv nyob rau txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nws raug pom zoo kom txiav txim siab lawv ua tiav cov lus ua tiav ntawm cov ntsiab lus IZD thiab IZND kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab, uas peb pom zoo kiag li Cov.

Raws li kev ywj pheej ntawm hom tseem ceeb (thawj) pathology, ntshav qab zib mellitus yog txuam nrog kev ua tsis tau zoo. Tus kab mob no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws chaw kub thiab muaj xyoob ntoo hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo, qhov sib piv ntawm tus txiv neej rau poj niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom no yog 2: 1 - 3: 1. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau txog 20 lab cov neeg mob uas muaj hom mob ntshav qab zib no.

Feem ntau muaj ob subtypes ntawm cov ntshav qab zib no. Thawj yog qhov kab mob ntshav qab zib hu ua fibrocalculeous ntshav qab zib. Nws pom nyob hauv Is Nrias teb, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Nigeria, Uganda. Cov cim ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kabmob yog kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua mob ntxiv thiab muaj cov kab mob siab ua rau hlab ntshav khov. Hauv cov duab hauv kab mob, kev tawm tsam rov mob dua ntawm kev mob plab, poob phaus ntse thiab lwm cov cim ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo raug sau tseg. Ntsig hauv nruab nrab, thiab feem ntau siab, hyperglycemia thiab glucosuria tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Qhov tsis muaj ketoacidosis yog cov yam ntxwv, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm kev txo qis hauv insulin ntau lawm thiab kev zais ntawm glucagon los ntawm islet apparatus ntawm tus txiav. Qhov muaj cov pob zeb hauv cov ducts ntawm cov txiav ua tiav los ntawm kev soj ntsuam xoo hluav taws xob, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ultrasound lossis suav tomography. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias qhov ua rau fibrocalculous pancreatic ntshav qab zib yog kev noj cov zaub mov hauv cov hauv paus hniav (tapioca, cassava) muaj cyanogenic glycosides, suav nrog linamarine, los ntawm cov uas muaj hydrocyanic acid tawm thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis. Nws yog nruab nrab nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov leej faj uas muaj cov amino acids, thiab cov tsis muaj protein ntau, uas feem ntau pom nyob hauv cov neeg nyob hauv cov tebchaws no, ua rau muaj kev txuam nrog cyanide ntau hauv lub cev, uas yog qhov ua rau mob fibrocalculosis.

Qhov thib ob subtype yog mob ntshav qab zib pancreatic cuam tshuam nrog cov protein tsis txaus, tab sis tsis muaj calcification lossis pancreatic fibrosis. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis kam rau kev txhim kho ketoacidosis thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg mob sab sab sab heev. Insulin secretion txo qis, tab sis tsis yog mus rau qhov zoo li ntawd (raws li kev zais ntsiag to ntawm C-peptide) zoo li hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, uas qhia txog qhov tsis muaj ketoacidosis.

Nws tsis muaj qhov thib peb ntawm cov ntshav qab zib hauv qhov kev faib tawm WHO - qhov sib xws ntawm hom J mob ntshav qab zib (pom hauv Jamaica), uas qhia txog ntau yam muaj nyob nrog kev mob ntshav qab zib pancreatic muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog protein tsis txaus.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm WHO cov kev faib tawm tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980 thiab 1985 yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv chav tsev kho mob thiab cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus. Ua raws li kab lis kev cai ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hauv tsev, kev kho mob sib kis hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus tuaj yeem yog, hauv peb lub tswv yim, nthuav tawm raws li hauv qab no.

I. Kev soj ntsuam mob ntshav qab zib

1. Ntshav qab zib Insulin-yam mob ntshav qab zib (hom ntshav qab zib hom I)

kis tau tus kab mob los yog classic (hom IA)

autoimmune (hom IB)

2. Mob ntshav qab zib tsis-insulin-mob ntshav qab zib hom (ntshav qab zib hom II)

hauv cov tib neeg muaj lub cev nyhav

hauv cov neeg rog

hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas - hom MODY

3. Ntshav qab zib ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo

fibrocalcule pancreatic mob ntshav qab zib

protein tsis muaj qab zib pancreatic mob ntshav qab zib

4. Lwm hom mob ntshav qab zib (theem nrab, lossis tsos mob, ntshav qab zib mellitus):

a) endocrine genesis (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, diffuse toxic goiter, pheochromocytoma, thiab lwm yam)

b) cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav (mob qog, mob o, txhaws rov qab, mob hemochromatosis, thiab lwm yam)

c) cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm ntau qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig (noj ntau yam tshuaj, mob caj dab ua haujlwm, cov ntshav tsis haum rau lub cev, muaj cov insulin tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam)

5. Cev xeeb tub ntshav qab zib

A. Qhov mob ntshav qab zib kom hnyav

B. Nyiaj txiag raws li txoj cai

B. Teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob

1. Kev kho tshuaj insulin - kev tsis haum tshuaj hauv zos, anaphylactic shock, lipoatrophy

2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj - kev tawm tsam tsis haum, xeev siab, ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, thiab lwm yam.

G. Mob mob ntshav qab zib (feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kho tsis tau zoo)

a) ketoacidotic hnov ​​qab

b) hyperosmolar coma

c) lactic acidosis coma

g) hypoglycemic coma

D. Kev mob ntshav qab zib lig

1. Microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy)

2. Macroangiopathy (myocardial infarction, mob hlab ntsha tawg, ceg caj pas)

G. Cov nqaij tawv ntawm lwm qhov hauv nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab - enteropathy, hepatopathy, cataracts, osteoarthropathy, dermopathy, thiab lwm yam.

II. Tsis hnov ​​qab qab zib zam - mob ntshav qab zib lossis mob latent

a) hauv cov tib neeg muaj lub cev nyhav

b) hauv cov tib neeg muaj rog

c) cuam tshuam nrog rau qee yam mob thiab kab ntsig (saib nqe 4)

III. Cov chav kawm lossis cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo, lossis ntshav qab zib (cov neeg uas muaj kev tso kua nplaum ntev, tab sis nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus):

a) cov neeg uas yav dhau los ua rau tsis muaj qab zib txaus

b) cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm saib xyuas qabzib.

Peb ua peb qib tau raug cais nyob hauv chav soj ntsuam mob ntshav qab zib mellitus: 1) muaj peev xwm thiab yav dhau los lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tso cov ntshav qabzib, lossis ntshav qab zib, i.e. cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb, 2) tsis hnov ​​qab cov ntshav qabzib tsis txaus, lossis mob ntshav qab zib lossis mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, 3) pom meej meej los yog muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus, EDI thiab ADI, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob sib khuav, hnyav thiab hnyav.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntshav qab zib mellitus yog cov pab pawg ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub hauv paus, uas feem ntau tau cuam tshuam txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chav kawm kho mob ntshav qab zib. Cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm IDD thiab IDD yog nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm EDI thiab ADI

Kos npe ntawm hom I hom II hom II hom pov thawj

Lub hnub nyoog pib Cov Hluas, feem ntau Tshaj 40

Cov kab mob ntev txog 30 xyoo

Onset Mob Tsawg Zoo Mob

Lub cev Nyhav Dua Hauv Feem Ntau

Tub los ntxhais: Qee lub sij hawm ntau, cov txiv neej muaj mob.

Seem Tsuag ntse me

Mob ntshav qab zib cov chav kawm Nyob rau qee kis, labile ruaj khov

Ketoacidosis Zoo rau ketoacidosis feem ntau tsis loj hlob

Feem ntau ntawm thaj tsam Ketone.

Urinalysis Cov Hwj Huam Zus thiab Feem Ntau Muaj Qab Zib Zib

Lub caij nyoog pib ntawm feem ntau lub caij nplooj zeeg-caij ntuj no Tsis muaj

Cov tshuaj Insulin thiab C-peptide Insulinopenia thiab Li Qub lossis hyper

plasma txo hauv C-peptide insulinemia (insulin

hu nkauj tsawg dua, feem ntau nrog

Cov xwm txheej Txo Cov Tsawg

pancreatic b-hlwb, lawv kev xeb, thiab feem pua

txo qis lossis qhaj ntawm b-, a-, d- thiab PP-hlwb hauv

lawv muaj cov insulin, ib qho islet hauv cov hnub nyoog ntau

muaj a-, d- thiab PP-cov hlwb zoo ib yam

Lymphocytes thiab lwm tus Tam sim no Hauv thawj Feem ntau tsis tuaj kawm ntawv

mob hlwb hauv lub lis piam mob

Tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov chaw kho mob me.

kev mob siab rau txhua kis hauv thawj

Cov cim caj ces Ua ke Nrog HLA-B8, B15, HLA caj ces tsis

DR3, DR4, Dw4 txawv ntawm kev noj qab haus huv

Concordance Tsawg dua 50% Ntau dua 90%

Mob ntshav qab zib muaj tsawg dua 10% Ntau dua 20%

Kuv kawm ntawv ntawm kinship

Noj cov zaub mov noj, tshuaj insulin (txo qis),

Cov teeb meem tom qab feem ntau Feem ntau

Ntshav qab zib mob insulin (EDI, hom I mob ntshav qab zib mellitus) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm mob hnyav, pib mob, insulinopenia, ib qho kev nyiam ntawm kev txhim kho ketoacidosis ntau zaus. Ntau zaus, mob ntshav qab zib hom I tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas, uas yav dhau los cuam tshuam nrog lub npe "ntshav qab zib ntshav", tab sis tib neeg tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas tuaj yeem mob. Lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawm hom ntshav qab zib no yog nyob ntawm kev siv exogenous ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov uas ketoacidotic hnov ​​mob tshwm sim sai. Tus kab mob no koom ua ke nrog qee yam HLA, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub Langerhans islet antigen feem ntau pom hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Feem ntau muaj teeb meem los ntawm loj heev- thiab microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy), neuropathy.

Mob ntshav qab zib-insulin muaj keeb caj ces. Cov xwm txheej sab nraud uas ua rau muaj kab mob rau cov ntshav qab zib muaj ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab cov kab mob autoimmune, uas yuav piav qhia ntau yam hauv qab no.

Cov ntshav qab zib uas tsis txuas rau insulin (NIDA, hom II mob ntshav qab zib mellitus) tshwm sim nrog cov yam ntxwv tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm kev paub txog ntshav qab zib. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg mob ua yam tsis muaj insulin exogenous, thiab kev kho zaub mov noj lossis tshuaj noj qhov ncauj ua kom cov ntshav qab zib tsawg dua yuav tsum tau them rau cov metabolism hauv kev noj haus. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee kis, kev them nyiaj tag nrho rau cov khoom noj khoom haus carbohydrate tuaj yeem tau tsuas yog nrog kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm exogenous insulin rau txoj kev kho. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau yug los rau hauv lub siab tias nyob rau ntau yam kev ntxhov siab (mob, mob, phais, phais mob), cov neeg mob no yuav tsum yauv tshuaj insulin.Hauv hom ntshav qab zib no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob insulin nyob rau hauv cov ntshav cov ntshav yog qhov ib txwm, nce lossis (tsis tshua muaj) insulinopenia pom. Hauv ntau cov neeg mob, kev yoo mov hyperglycemia tej zaum yuav qhaj ntawv, thiab tau ntau xyoo lawv tsis paub txog lawv cov ntshav qab zib.

Hauv hom II mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, loj heev-thiab microangiopathies, cataracts thiab neuropathies kuj tseem kuaj. Tus kab mob muaj feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab 40 xyoo (qhov xwm txheej siab tshaj tshwm sim ntawm 60 xyoo), tab sis tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum hnub nyoog yau dua. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua MODY hom (cov laus hom ntshav qab zib hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas), uas yog tus yam ntxwv muaj lub cim xeeb tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom II, qhov ua rau cov metabolism carbohydrate tsis txaus yog tau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj thiab qhov ncauj noj uas txo cov ntshav qab zib. IDD, zoo li IDD, muaj keeb caj ces, uas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm (ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg cov ntshav qab zib) ntau dua li muaj IDD, thiab yog cim los ntawm autosomal hom ncaus. Qhov kev txiav txim sab nraud los ua kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm cov mob muaj keeb rau hom ntshav qab zib no tau dhau los, ua rau txoj kev txhim kho kev rog, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv 80-90% ntawm cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawm ADHD. Hyperglycemia thiab ntshav qab zib kam rau hauv cov neeg mob no txhim kho nrog qhov txo hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv islets ntawm Langerhans hauv hom ntshav qab zib no tsis tuaj.

Lwm hom ntshav qab zib. Pab pawg no suav nrog ntshav qab zib, uas tshwm sim hauv lwm qhov kev saib xyuas kab mob, uas tej zaum yuav tsis koom nrog ntshav qab zib.

1. Cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav ua qoob

a) hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab - qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov islets hauv cov neeg mob caj pas, mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam mos, ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm insulin secretion,

b) kev raug mob, kis mob thiab mob txhab txhab ntawm lub cev ua kab mob rau ntawm tus txiav tawm tom qab lub sijhawm neonatal, mob qog, cystic fibrosis ntawm tus txiav, mob hamochromatosis.

2. Cov kab mob ntawm lub cev keeb: pheochromocytoma, somastatinoma, aldosteroma, glucagonoma, Itsenko-Cushing's disease, acromegaly, tshuaj lom goiter, muaj kev zais ntawm progestins thiab estrogens.

3. Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj

a) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal: ACTH, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cov thyroid hormones, kev loj hlob hormone, tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qhov ncauj, calcitonin, medroxyprogesterone,

b) diuretics thiab antihypertensive tus neeg sawv cev: furosemide, thiazides, gigroton, clonidine, clopamide (brinaldix), ethacrylic acid (uregite),

c) cov tshuaj psychoactive: haloperidol, chlorprotixen, chlorpromazine, tricyclic antidepressants - amitriptyline (tryptisol), imizin (melipramine, imipramine, tofranil),

d) adrenaline, diphenin, isadrine (novodrin, isoproterenol), propranolol (anaprilin, obzidan, inderal),

e) analgesics, antipyretics, tshuaj tiv thaiv:: indomethacin (methindole), acetylsalicylic acid nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj siab,

e) tshuaj kho mob: L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide (cytoxin), megestrol acetate, thiab lwm yam.

4. Ua txhaum ntawm cov tshuaj insulin

a) muaj qhov tsis txaus nyob hauv insulin receptors - kev sib deev lipodystrophy, ua ke nrog virilization, thiab xim-papillary dystrophy ntawm daim tawv nqaij (acantosis nigricans),

b) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob insulin, ua ke nrog lwm cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

5. Cov cim caj ces: hom I glycogenosis, mob sib quas ntus ntawm lub plab hlaus, muaj mob qis, Shereshevsky-Turner, Klinefelter, thiab lwm yam.

Cia Koj Saib