Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv rau kev ntsuas kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov ncauj qab zib thiab qib glycated hemoglobin HbA1c Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho ntawm tsab xov xwm kev tshawb fawb

Kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib ntawm qhov ncauj (PHTT) thiab glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tau ua ntawm 127 cov neeg mob uas muaj feem ua rau muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Kev txheeb xyuas tus kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus raws li qib HbA1c tau qis dua li ntawm PHTT (31% piv rau 43%). Qib ntawm HbA1c> 7% ib txwm piv rau kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm hom PHTT. Txawm li cas los xij, HbA1c qib ntawm PHTT.

Txoj kev ua raws li kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus kwv yees los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov ncauj qab zib thiab glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) qib

Txoj kev tshawb no cov neeg nyob ntawm 127 cov neeg mob hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (T2DM) muaj feem cuam tshuam cov kev soj ntsuam qhov ncauj qab zib (OGTT) thiab HbA1c ntsuas rau kev kuaj pom yog vim li cas. HbA1c qhia tawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tsawg dua li OGTT (31% vs 43%). HbA1c> 7% thiab OGTT yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev kuaj pom tus mob ntshav qab zib, tab sis HbA1c OGTT kev ua haujlwm los ua kom tau qhov kev kuaj mob.

Cov ntawv sau ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj lus "Sib txuam ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas mob ntshav qab zib mellitus raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas ntshav qab zib hauv qhov ncauj thiab theem ntawm glycated hemoglobin HbA1c"

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav qab zib mellitus raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav ntawm qhov ncauj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab theem ntawm glycated hemoglobin HbA1c

Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Kev Siv Nyiaj Txiag “Lub Chaw Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ruaj Ntseg” ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias Federation, Moscow

Txoj kev ua raws li kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus kwv yees los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov ncauj qab zib thiab glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) qib

Tsoomfwv lub peev nyiaj txiag lub tsev haujlwm "Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Nrhiav", Lavxias Ministry of Health

muaj pes tsawg yam kev pheej hmoo rau kev txhim kho hom mob ntshav qab zib 2 (T2DM). Cov kev pheej hmoo muaj xws li cov hnub nyoog> 45 xyoo, rog dhau los lossis rog rog (BMI> 25 kg / m2), tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm T2DM (niam txiv lossis cov nus muag nrog T2DM), muaj lub cev qoj ib ce qis, ua rau muaj kev yoo mov sai (glycemia) (NGN) lossis tsis hnov qab tau cov ntshav qabzib. (NTG) keeb kwm, mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev zoo li mellitus lossis keeb kwm ntawm cov menyuam hauv plab. Txoj kev tshawb no tsis suav nrog cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob hypoglycemic lossis kev kho zaub mov noj.

HbAlc qib tau txiav txim siab hauv txhua tus neeg mob, thiab tsis pub dhau 3 hnub tom qab, tus qauv PHTT tau ua nrog 75 g ntawm cov piam thaj nrog kev txiav txim siab ceev cov kua nplaum thiab 120 min tom qab kev ua kom lub cev muaj roj. Cov haujlwm tau pom zoo los ntawm pawg kws coj ua zoo ntawm FSBI ENC. Txhua tus neeg mob tau suam npe muab kev pom zoo tuaj koom rau hauv chav kuaj mob.

Cov Ntshav Qab Zib tau txiav txim siab txog Tus Kws Cuam Tshuam c4000 biochemical tsom ntsuas (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA) uas siv cov khoom siv txheem cov khoom siv. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua tau zoo siab ua kua nyeem ntawm D10 tus ntsuas (Bio-Rad) raws li tus qauv

Cov lus 1. Cov ntsiab lus ntsuas mob ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab lwm yam kev mob glycemic (WHO, 1999-2006)

Cov roj metabolism cov metabolism

Venous ntshav ntshav glycemia (mmol / L)

Norm SD NTG NGN

7.0 6.1 thiab 11.1> 7.8 thiab kuv puas tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau yam koj xav tau? Sim cov ntawv nyeem kev pabcuam xaiv.

Yuav muaj feem ntau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib

Tsis sau Tsis Muaj Tsis cim> 6.5

Ua raws li cov qauv rau kev kuaj mob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov metabolism hauv carbohydrate los ntawm PHTT thiab qib HbA1c (feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob).

Yuav luag. Cov qauv yog tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm NGSP (Qhov National Glycohemoglobin Standartization Program).

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HRTT thiab qib HbAlc, cov kev kawm tau muab faib ua peb pawg: cov tib neeg tsis muaj carbohydrate metabolism cuam tshuam (ib txwm), ib pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau T2DM, thiab pab pawg uas nyuam qhuav tawm T2DM. Cov pab pawg pheej hmoo siab rau T2DM suav nrog cov neeg mob NGN, NTG, lossis kev sib txuam ntawm ob qho tib si. Cov neeg mob tau muab tso rau cov pab pawg nrog T2DM raws li kev soj ntsuam los ntawm PHTT raws li ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: qhov pom ntawm cov ntawv sau ib zaug ntawm glycemia nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib ntau hauv anamnesis + ib-zaug nce ntawm glycemia hauv ntshav qab zib lub sijhawm PHTT, qhov nce ob zaug ntawm glycemia hauv cov ntshav qab zib lub sijhawm thaum PHTT. Cov neeg mob tau muab tso rau cov pab pawg nrog T2DM hauv HbA1c qib hauv ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: muaj cov ntaub ntawv ib zaug nce hauv glycemia hauv cov ntshav qab zib hauv keeb kwm ntawm + HbA1 hauv cov ntshav qab zib

thaj tsam> 6.5%, nce ib ntawm glycemia thaum PHTT + HL1c hauv cov ntshav qab zib ntau.

Hauv lub rooj. 1 thiab 2, kev soj ntsuam rau cov kev ua kom tsis haum cov zaub mov carbohydrate tsis txaus ntseeg.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

Kev sib piv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov kev mob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov khoom noj uas siv PGTT thiab qib HL1c pom tias tsis sib xws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuas no (saib daim duab).

Hauv kev soj ntsuam cov neeg mob, cov qib HL1c tsawg dua qhov kwv yees muaj ntshav qab zib piv rau PGTT (31% tiv thaiv 43%).

Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm qib HL1c qhia tsis ntau npaum li cov neeg sib txawv ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib piv nrog PGTT. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ua hauv Denmark, UK, Australia,

Greenland, Kenya thiab Is Nrias teb qhia qhov tsis sib xws nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas raws li kev tshwm sim los ntawm PHTT thiab qib HL1c. Qhov ntau zaus xwm txheej ntawm kev kuaj mob ntawm PHTT thiab qib НЛЛ1с hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no txawv ntawm 17 txog 78%. Ib lub koom haum kuaj mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub tebchaws tsis pom zoo kom siv qib HL1c los ua kev soj ntsuam rau cov ntshav qab zib vim qhov tsis muaj tus qauv ntawm cov qauv thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm haiv neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm hemoglobin glycation.

Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib hauv ob qho kev sim ntsuas tsuas yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm HL1c> 7%. Ntawm 6,5 7%, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg kuaj mob ntshav qab zib kom sib luag nrog thaum siv cov qauv ntsuas kub - PHT. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm theem НЛЛ1с

15 nqe lus teb

Koj pom qhov twg "tsuas yog 0.1 feem pua tawm ntawm ib txwm"? Koj puas tau ua txhaum txhua ntsuas cov ntsuas ua kua qab zib. Thiab hais tawm insulin kuj. Ntxiv rau, raws li cov kev cai tam sim no, ib qho, txawm tias kev sib tsoo, tshawb pom glycemia saum 11.1 mmol / l yog lub sijhawm tsim muaj ntshav qab zib sai sai.

Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib los ntawm kev ua kom yuam kev hauv chav sim, ntawm chav kawm. Rov ua dua, yog tias ua tau, ob qho kev sim hauv lwm qhov chaw kuaj sim.

Elena, ces twv yuav raug hu - ntshav qab zib. Tej zaum nws manifested tsis ntev dhau los, thiab glycosylated hemoglobin tseem tsis tau muaj sijhawm los hnov mob. Kuv xav pom zoo nyob rau yav tom ntej kom tiav kev kuaj ntshav rau insulin, C-peptide thiab NOMA qhov ntsuas (cim cov kabmob ntawm pancreatic ua haujlwm thiab tsis kam insulin) thiab hu rau endocrinologist nyob rau hauv tus neeg rau kev kho nrog cov txiaj ntsig.

Tam sim no pib ua raws li kev noj haus naj npawb 9 (cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws muaj dav nyob hauv Is Taws Nem, yog li kuv yuav tsis theej tawm nws), xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrog glycemic Performance index qis dua 50.
Koj tuaj yeem nqa tshuaj phytosborne Arfazetin ib nrab ib khob 3 zaug ib hnub 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov raws li txoj kev npaj "14 hnub noj + 14 hnub so".

Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv muaj qhov nug zoo sib xws tab sis txawv?

Yog tias koj tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no, lossis yog tias koj qhov teeb meem me ntsis txawv ntawm qhov tau hais hauv no, sim nug tus kws kho mob nug ntxiv rau tib nplooj ntawv yog tias nws nyob ntawm lub ncauj lus nug tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug tshiab, thiab tom qab ib ntus peb cov kws kho mob yuav teb nws. Nws yog pub dawb. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tshawb cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog ntawm cov teeb meem zoo sib xws ntawm nplooj ntawv no lossis dhau ntawm tus xaib nplooj ntawv tshawb. Peb yuav zoo siab heev yog tias koj pom zoo peb rau koj cov phooj ywg hauv kev tes hauj lwm.

Medportal 03online.com muab kev sab laj kho mob hauv kev sib kis nrog cov kws kho mob hauv lub xaib. Ntawm no koj tau txais cov lus teb los ntawm cov kws qhia tiag tiag hauv koj thaj teb. Tam sim no lub chaw muab tswv yim rau 48 thaj chaw: cov kws kho mob kev tsis haum tshuaj, kws kho qhov muag-rov mob dua qub, kws kho mob plab, kws kho mob plab, kws kho mob ntshav, tshuaj tua kab mob, kws kho mob hauv tsev, kws kho mob hauv plab, kws kho mob phais, pediatric kws phais neeg, pediatric kws phais neeg, kws kho mob phais, pediatric pais , tus kab mob kis tshwj xeeb, kws kho plawv, kws kho mob, kws hais lus, ENT tus kws tshaj lij, kws kho tsiaj, kws lij choj, kws kho mob, kws kho hlwb, kws kho hlwb, kws kho hlwb, kws kho mob, kws kho mob, kws kho pob ntseg, kws kho pob txha a, kws kho menyuam yaus, kws kho mob yas, kws tshaj lij tshuaj, kws kho mob hlwb, kws saib xyuas kev mob hlwb, kws kho mob ntsws, kws kho pob txha, kws xoo hluav taws xob, tus kws kho mob, kws tshaj lij, kws kho mob, kws kho mob, kws tshuaj, kws kho mob, kws txaij, kws phais, endocrinologist.

Peb teb 96,28% ntawm cov lus nug..

Mob Ntshav Qab Zib

Mob Ntshav Qab Zib (tseem hu ua "mob ntshav qab zib"), mob ntshav qab zib - ib qho mob uas tau tsim ua ntej muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus, feem ntau yog hom 2. Lub xeev cov mob ntshav qab zib yog yam ntxwv tsim cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau (qabzib), tab sis tsis siab npaum li yuav tsum tau kuaj pom tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau yog asymptomatic, tab sis kev nqhis dej ntau (tsis tuaj yeem), tso zis heev, tsis tshaib plab thiab qhov muag plooj yog lub suab ceeb toom uas xav tau kev kho mob sai sai los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist.

Qhov muaj mob ntshav qab zib tsis tau txhais tau tias dhau ntawm qhov mob no mus rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo, tshwj xeeb: txo lub cev qhov hnyav, tso tseg cov cwj pwm tsis zoo, nce kev ua si, thiab qee kis, kev kho tshuaj.

Mob ntshav qab zib raug tshawb pom los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb qhov kev ntsuas (sib tham hauv tsab xov xwm): yoo ntshav qab zib (qabzib) (GKN), kuaj ntshav qabzib (glyTated hemoglobin A1c).

Yog tias kev mob ntshav qab zib tau kuaj tsis tau raws sijhawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau rov qab tsis tau qhov tshwm sim: kev loj hlob ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, nrog rau lwm cov kev mob hnyav ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha loj, cov kab mob ntawm cov leeg thiab cov raum, pom qhov muag tsis zoo, mob stroke.

Tib lub sijhawm no, European Journal of Endocrinology tau tshaj tawm txog kev rov qab saib xyuas txhawm rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 1.

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, ntshav qab zib, ntshav qab zib mellitus (raws li ICD-10 - E10-E14) - ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob metabolic endocrine muaj cov cim ntawm cov ntshav qabzib (qab zib) nyob rau hauv cov ntshav vim qhov tseeb (hauv DM 1) lossis txheeb ze (hauv DM 2) pancreatic hormone deficiency cov qog ntawm cov kua dej. Mob ntshav qab zib yog kev nrog los ntawm kev tsis zoo txhua hom metabolism: protein, rog, carbohydrate, dej-ntsev thiab muaj ntxhia.

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no: nqhis dej (DM 1 thiab DM 2), tsis hnov tsw ntawm acetone los ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab lub cev acetone hauv cov zis (DM 1), txo lub cev hnyav (DM 1, nyob rau hauv DM 2 - nyob rau theem lig), nrog rau kev tso zis ntau dhau, ceg mob rwj, mob tsis zoo kho.

Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus mus tas li yog: cov ntshav qabzib ntau nyob rau hauv cov zis (glycosuria, glucosuria), ketonuria (acetonuria, acetone lub cev hauv cov zis), muaj tsawg dua cov protein nyob hauv cov zis (albuminuria, proteinuria) thiab hematuria (ntshav tawm hauv cov zis). Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso zis hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus feem ntau hloov mus rau cov kua qaub sab.

Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, insulin-tiv thaiv, hluas, raws li ICD-10 - E10) yog tus kabmob autoimmune ntawm endocrine system yam ntxwv tsis cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus, vim tias qhov ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog, rau cov laj thawj tsis meej hnub no, tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem hlwb pancreatic beta hlwb uas tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Ntshav Qab Zib 1 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg ntawm lub hnub nyoog twg, tab sis tus kab mob feem ntau loj hlob hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas thiab cov neeg laus hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo.

Yam 2 ntshav qab zib mellitus (hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, tsis-insulin-raws, raws li ICD-10 - E11) yog ib hom kabmob uas tsis yog-ua rau lub cev muaj kabmob. tus txheeb ze insulin deficiency vim qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nrog cov nqaij hlav. Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Cov ua kom muaj tus kab mob kuj tsis to taub tag nrho, tab sis cov neeg muaj rog muaj kev pheej hmoo.

Peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas raug siv los kuaj ntshav qab zib:

Yoo cov ntshav cov ntshav qab zib,
Kuaj ntshav qab zib kuaj
Kev ntsuam xyuas rau glycated hemoglobin.

Yoo cov ntshav cov ntshav

Kev yoo plasma ntshav qab zib, FPG yog ib qho kev sim ntshav uas yog ib hom kev kuaj ntshav siv los soj ntsuam cov ntshav cov ntshav zoo. Qhov ntsuas tau ua tiav ntawm lub plab khoob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob haus zaub mov thiab dej haus (tshwj tsis yog dej) rau 8-12 teev ua ntej pib kev kawm. Kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem nqa tawm ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej, siv ob txoj hlab ntsuas ntshav qab zib lossis cov ntsuas ntshav qabzib ntsuas cov ntshav, thiab hauv chaw kuaj ntshav. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav yog ib feem ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ncauj txog qhov ncauj txog ntshav qab zib (GTT).

Kuaj ntshav qab zib kuaj

Kuaj ntshav qabzib, kuaj ntshav qabzib, kuaj ntshav qabzib, kuaj ntshav qabzib, tshuaj OGTT - kuaj ntsuas tshwj xeeb nyob hauv tsev kuaj mob.

Hauv peb hnub ua ntej qhov kev sim, tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj haus kom ib txwm muaj, yam tsis muaj kev txwv nws tus kheej hauv kev noj zaub mov carbohydrates. Nws kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj, haus dej cawv, ua kom lub cev muaj zog.

Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, tus neeg mob pib ntsuas theem ntawm kev yoo ntshav cov piam thaj, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab cov kua dej uas muaj 75 gram ntawm cov piam thaj (1.75 grams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav hauv cov menyuam yaus). Tom qab cov kua nplaum ntawm lub qhov ncauj, cov ntshav ntshav hauv lub siab yuav ntsuas txhua 30 feeb (los ua lub sijhawm sib piv) rau ob teev. Lub sijhawm kawm ntawv tuaj yeem hloov thiab ncav sijhawm ntev txog 6 teev (raws li kws kho mob tau hais).

Cov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tsawg dua 7.0 mmol / L 2 teev tom qab pib kev kuaj ntshav qabzib yog suav tias tsis muaj dab tsi. Nyob rau theem ntawm ntau dua 7.0, tab sis tsawg dua 11.0 mmol / l, cov ntawv xeem tau pom tias yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov piam thaj hauv kev siab, qhia tias muaj mob ntshav qab zib. Tau txais cov txiaj ntsig nrog rau cov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ntawm ntau dua 11.0 mmol / L kwv yees li muaj cov ntshav qab zib mellitus.

Nyem thiab qhia cov lus nrog koj cov phooj ywg:

Glycated hemoglobin test

Glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycogemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, Hb_A1c - qhov ntsuas ntshav biochemical qhia txog ntshav nruab nrab ntawm cov ntshav nyob ntev (ntev txog 90 hnub) ua ntej ntsuas.

Glycated hemoglobin yog tsim los ntawm qhov qeeb tsis-enzymatic ntxiv ntawm cov piam thaj rau hemoglobin A (Mayar cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav liab. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no thiab cov nyiaj uas tsim glycated hemoglobin nyob ntawm seb cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav thaum lub sijhawm muaj txoj sia ntawm cov ntshav liab (txog 120 hnub, txawm li cas los xij, cov qe ntshav liab nyob hauv cov ntshav muaj lub neej txawv lub sijhawm, tus nqi qis dua nyob rau hauv kev suav).

Raws li qhov kev xav ntawm Maillard, muaj ntau cov glycated hemoglobin variants tau tsim, suav nrog Hb_A1c, uas tshwm sim ntau thiab muab lub tswv yim muaj tseeb ntau dua ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib (yog tias muaj).

Yog li, Hb_A1c muaj kev cuam tshuam feem pua hemoglobin A nyob rau hauv cov ntshav uas tswj tsis tau txuas nrog cov piam thaj molecules. Qib ntau dua ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, ntau dua cov hemoglobin yuav raug glycated.

Ib lub rooj ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm glycated hemoglobin (hauv%) thiab ntshav nruab nrab (hauv mmol / l).

Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav (mmol / l)

Rau kev ntsuas, kev npaj tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tag nrho cov ntshav siv rau kev tsom xam, txoj kev tshawb no yog kwv yees siv capillary electrophoresis.

Sau ntawv

Cov lus ceeb toom thiab cov lus qhia meej rau cov xov xwm "Ua ke kuaj ntshav qab zib yuav txhim kho qhov nrhiav tau ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib."

Georgia State University

25,000 tus tub ntxhais kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj yim lub tsev kawm thiab tsev kawm qib siab, ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Saib Xyuas Neeg Laus thiab Kws Kho Mob thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tshuaj. Cov neeg kawm tiav hauv Georgia State University yog William Duvall (tus coj hu nkauj ntawm Alice hauv Chains), Asmeskas zaj duab xis Julia Roberts, Ken Lewis (thawj coj ntawm Bank of America), lwm cov kev nom tswv thiab pej xeem, cov kws sau paj lug, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov kws ncaws pob thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj.

Cauj, qab zib, piam thaj (los ntawm Greek cov lus qub ^ 7, _5, `5, _4, a3,` 2, - "qab zib") - cov khoom noj uas yooj yim carbohydrate, tsis muaj kob lossis dawb nplua crystalline hmoov, tsw ntxhiab tsw, qab qab rau cov saj, cov khoom kawg ntawm lub hydrolysis ntawm feem ntau tsis pom zoo thiab polysaccharides Cov. Cov piam thaj yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab siv ntau lub zog los muab cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev hauv lub cev.

Biostatistics, txheeb raws roj ntsha, biometrics - kev lag luam thev naus laus zis ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm biology thiab kev txheeb cais sib txawv uas cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho thiab siv cov txheej txheem hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv cov teb xws li: biology, epidemiology, kev kho mob, tshuaj.

Koom Haum Asmeskas Mob Ntshav Qab Zib, American Diabetes Association, ADA yog lub koomhaum Ameliskas tsis yog lub koomhaum tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1940, koom nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev mob ntshav qab zib, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ntsuas thiab txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 thiab hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev thiab ntshav qab zib.

Endocrinology, endocrinology (los ntawm Greek O56, _7, ^ 8, _9, _7, - "sab hauv", _4, `1, ^ 3, _7,` 9, - "tseem ceeb" thiab _5, a2, ^ 7, _9, `2 , - "kev paub, kev kawm, lo lus, kev tshawb fawb") - kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub luag haujlwm thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qog endocrine (cov qog endocrine), cov tshuaj hormones uas tsim los ntawm lawv, txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv qhov tsim thiab ua rau tib neeg lub cev. Endocrinology tseem tab tom kawm txog cov kab mob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog endocrine, nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los kuaj, kho thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Cov teeb meem ntawm endocrinology, ib txoj kev los sis lwm qhov, cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog kev kho plawv, nephrology, oncology, ophthalmology, neurology, gastroenterology thiab gynecology. Ib ntu ntawm endocrinology yog diabetology, ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas tshawb fawb txog cov hauv paus hauv kev txhim kho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab chav kawm, yam ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus - cov kab mob endocrine feem ntau nyob hauv ntiaj chaw. Tus tsim ntawm endocrinology yog Thomas Addison (British Addison) - tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws kho mob hauv tebchaws Askiv thawj zaug uas tau piav qhia txog tus kab mob endocrine tsis tshua muaj npe tom qab nws - "Addison's disease" (ICD-10 - E27.1, E27.2), vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub qog adrenal poob lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov tshuaj hormones txaus, cortisol, saum toj no tag nrho.

Cov tshuaj insulin, insulin yog protein ntau ntawm peptide xwm, uas tau tsim hauv beta hlwb ntawm pancreatic islets ntawm Langerhans. Cov tshuaj insulin muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov metabolism hauv yuav luag txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, thaum nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qis (tswj hwm li qub) piam thaj (ntshav qab zib) hauv cov ntshav. Cov tshuaj insulin nce permeability ntawm plasma membranes rau cov piam thaj, ua kom cov ntshav glycolysis tseem ceeb, txhawb kev tsim cov glycogen hauv daim siab thiab cov leeg nqaij los ntawm cov piam thaj, thiab txhim kho cov synthesis ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog. Ntxiv rau, insulin inhibits kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes uas zom cov rog thiab glycogen.

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws los txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov pauv cov zis hloov pauv yog qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso zis, txawm hais tias muaj ntshav qab zib nws tseem tsim nyog siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm acetone lub cev.

Kev pham - kev ua haujlwm rog, qhov hnyav nce vim yog cov nqaij adipose vim yog los ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau thiab / lossis txo kev siv lub zog. Niaj hnub no, kev rog yog suav tias yog kev muaj mob ntsig txog metabolic (raws li ICD-10 - E66), kev txhim kho thaum muaj hnub nyoog, pom los ntawm kev nce hauv lub cev nyhav dhau los, feem ntau vim yog kev txuam nrog ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose. Kev pham yog nrog los ntawm kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kabmob ntawm tus kabmob thiab tuag. Niaj hnub no, nws tau tsim tau tias kev rog yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ua kom muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2.

Hemoglobin, hemoglobin, hemoglobin, Hb, Hgb yog ib txoj ua haujlwm (uas yog ob qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein, uas ntxiv rau peptide cov saw hlau (cov protein yooj yim) muaj ib feem ntawm cov tsis-amino acid xwm - ib pab pawg ua haujlwm) muaj hlau uas muaj protein ntawm chav kawm ntawm chromoproteins uas tuaj yeem thim rov qab khi rau oxygen, kom nws xa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov. Hemoglobin yog pom nyob hauv cytoplasm ntawm cov ntshav liab, muab rau lawv (ntsig txog, ntshav) xim liab. Hemoglobin A, cov neeg loj hemoglobin, ^ 5,₂^6,₂ - ib txwm neeg cov hemoglobin, cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom sib txuas ua ke - chromoproteins. Hemoglobin Ib txwm muaj yuav luag txog li 97% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav liab ntawm cov ntshav liab.

Ntshav liab, cov ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav liab, RBCs yog qhov sib txawv tsis yog lub hlwb tsis yog nuclear, cov qauv ntshav tom qab lub cev, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev xa cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub ntsws mus rau lub cev nqaij thiab kev thauj cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab. Qhov erythrocyte cytoplasm yog noo nrog hemoglobin (uas ua rau cov ntshav liab ua ntshav liab), muaj cov hlau atom uas muaj peev xwm khi tau oxygen. Cov qe ntshav liab tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg pob txha ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2.4 lab ntshav ntshav liab txhua ob.

25% ntawm tag nrho cov keeb hauv tib neeg lub cev yog cov ntshav liab.

Thaum sau ntawv xov xwm tias ob qhov kev soj ntsuam rau cov ntshav qabzib yuav txhim kho qhov nrhiav tau ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, cov khoom siv tau yog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv Internet portals, cov vev xaib GSU.edu, Diabetes.co.uk, Frontiersin.org, Diabetes.org, Iephb.ru, Wikipedia, ntxiv rau cov kab ntawv luam tawm hauv qab no:

Pokrovsky V. I. "Phau ntawv txhais lus Encyclopedic ntawm Cov Cai Kho Mob." Luam tawm lub tsev "Tshuaj", 2001, Moscow,
Dedov I.I., Surkova E.V., Mayorov A. Yu. “Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Phau ntawv rau cov neeg mob. " Lub tsev tshaj tawm "Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias Federation", 2003, Moscow,
Leia Yu. Ya. "Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj cov zis." Kev luam tawm lub tsev MEDpress-qhia, 2009, Moscow,
Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, "Ntshav qab zib thiab carbohydrate metabolism tsis txaus". Kev luam tawm lub tsev "GEOTAR-Media", 2010, Moscow,
Peter Hin, Bernhard O. Boehm “Mob ntshav qab zib. Kev kuaj mob, kho mob, tswj kab mob. " Kev luam tawm lub tsev "GEOTAR-Media", 2011, Moscow,
Jacques Wallach “Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kws Muaj Mob. Phau Ntawv Kho Mob Ua Haujlwm. " Exmo Kev Tshaj Tawm Tsev, 2014, Moscow.