Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Ntshav Qab Zib 2 Ntshav Qab Zib
Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib qho mob hnyav. Qib suab thaj hauv cov ntshav nyob ntawm seb tus neeg mob noj dab tsi. Khoom noj khoom haus rau insulin-dependant ntshav qab zib mellitus yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib kom noj qhov yog. Tus neeg mob tsis tsuas yog txwv nws tus kheej rau qee yam zaub mov. Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib yog txoj kev ua neej uas yuav tsum tau saws.
TSEEM CEEB YUAV TSUM! Txawm tias cov ntshav qab zib siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem kho tau hauv tsev, tsis tas yuav phais lossis tsev kho mob. Tsuas nyeem dab tsi Marina Vladimirovna hais. nyeem cov lus pom zoo.
Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Rau Insulin Diabetic
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib insulin-yuav tsum muaj.
Qab zib yog txo tam sim ntawd! Mob ntshav qab zib ntev mus ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov kab mob, xws li teeb meem tsis pom kev, tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, mob rau sab hauv, mob caj pas thiab mob qog nqaij hlav! Cov neeg qhia kev iab kev xav ua kom lawv cov suab thaj theem. nyeem rau.
Tus neeg mob ua raws cov zaub mov noj tshwj xeeb. Siv cov lus lej 9, cov ntshav qab zib muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov ntshav qabzib kom ntau. Kev noj zaub mov kom ntshav qab zib yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov piam thaj thiab carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov uas cov ntshav qab zib noj txhua hnub. Los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom noj, tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib ua tiav kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom rov qab los ntawm ntshav qab zib. Ib tug neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib insulin-thiab tsis-insulin-mob ntshav qab zib yog ua los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm khoom noj khoom haus:
- Cov calories rau txhua hnub rau cov khoom ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
- Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov roj carbohydrates thiab cov zaub mov nplua nuj hauv cov tshuaj fiber ntau.
- Kev noj cov zaub mov carbohydrate txhua hnub yog 60%, rog - txog 20%, protein - tsis ntau tshaj 20%.
- Nws raug tso cai rau siv cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov ntsuas qis glycemic.
- Noj mov yuav tsum yog 6 pluas noj nyob rau ib hnub, thiab kev noj yuav tsum yog tib yam.
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau noj zaub mov fractionally thiab tsis tu ncua.
- Cov kev pabcuam rau cov kabmob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum yog me me.
Tsis zoo li hom ntshav qab zib hom 1, nws yuav nyuaj rau yoog kom noj zaub mov muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2. Ntawm hom ntshav qab zib hom 1, ntshav me me ntawm cov piam thaj lossis cov khoom qab zib raug tso cai. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom tswj tau cov piam thaj hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib kom nyob ze rau theem ntawm cov piam thaj hauv ntshav hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv.
Kuv yuav noj dab tsi?
Txhua txhua hnub hauv tus neeg mob lub cev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum yog 500-800 g ntawm zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj qab zib pom zoo. Txhawm rau ua kom tus neeg mob cov zaub mov sib txawv yuav ua tau nqaij ntses. Cov khoom noj khoom haus tau tso cai nkag mus rau cov khoom noj carbohydrates ua cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov piam thaj hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Cov tais diav rau cov mob ntshav qab zib yog steamed los yog ci. Koj tuaj yeem noj cov qhob daj lossis sib xyaw ntawm cov txhuv xim av thiab dawb. Cov nplej, millet, barley pob kws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus neeg mob.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo rau cov ntshav qab zib yog tus yuam sij rau kev kho kom zoo thiab hloov mus rau theem ntawm cov nyiaj them tag nrho.
Lentils, taum pauv thiab buckwheat yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom noj siav zoo. Lawv siv cov nqaij qaib nqaij thiab cov ntses ntawm cov rog uas muaj roj tsawg. Lauj kaub tais diav yog me ntsis salted, tab sis hloov lub rooj ntsev nrog hiav txwv lossis iodized. Txawm hais tias nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov piam thaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis kam txais khoom qab zib. Cov kaus poom, pastille, jelly - lwm txoj rau feem ntau lees txais cov khoom qab zib siab tshaj. Khaws cov khoom noj ntawm 15 txog 60 degrees.
Dab tsis los noj?
Cov kua txiv thiab cov txiv ntoo qhuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib. Cov carbohydrates yooj yim yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm kev noj haus ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Xws li cov zaub mov tau sai sai, thiab nws cov khoom siv nkag rau hauv cov ntshav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov piam thaj nce ntxiv sai. Cov dej qab zib - kua txiv, dej qab zib, kvass - tsis suav nrog cov zaub mov. Cov ncuav, cov hmoov nplej dawb, ncuav dawb, txhuv dawb yuav tsum tau hloov nrog lwm cov khoom lag luam. Fried thiab salty cov khoom noj tau txwv tsis pub. Cov khoom noj muaj zog nrog piam thaj, zaub mov noj rau cov mob ntshav qab zib tsis suav nrog. Yuav tsum muab cov txiv tsawb, raisins thiab txiv quav ntswv nyoos. Thaum noj mov, tus mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntau hauv ib lub sijhawm.
Cov pluas noj uas yog pub rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib ntawm cov tshuaj insulin
Kev noj haus rau cov ntshav qab zib kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib xav tau tshwj xeeb (cov lus 9). Nrog lub siab insulin index, nws raug tso cai rau noj nrog:
- protein kev noj haus
- Ducan cov zaub mov
- kev noj haus cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrate tsawg
- buckwheat noj tsis tau.
Kev noj haus Buckwheat yog ib qho kev tso cai nyob hauv hom kab mob no.Cov khoom noj uas tsim los ntawm Ducan yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Ua ntej koj pib ua raws li Fabkis txoj kev noj haus, koj xav tau lus qhia ntawm tus kws qhia noj zaub mov zoo thiab kho cov kws kho mob. Qhov tseeb, muaj ntshav qab zib insulin-tso ntshav qab zib, xav tau cov tshuaj insulin ntxiv. Ducan kev noj haus yog contraindicated rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov roj cholesterol siab lossis mob raum. Kev noj haus rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tso cai siv cov kua mis nyeem qaub, tshuaj ntsuab, ntses thiab nqaij ntses. Cov pluas noj zaub mov kom tau txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm muaj kab mob ua ntej kom noj tau cov zaub mov kom raug txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj ntshav qab zib yav tom ntej. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv insulin los zaum ntawm Kremlin, kefir thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj carbohydrate. Cov zaub mov raws li tus txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tsim kev phom sij.
Muaj kev noj haus rau kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib. Nov yog qauv tshiab uas tsim los ntawm cov kws noj zaub mov noj haus.
Qauv ntawv qhia zaub mov
Yog tias cov insulin Performance index yog siab, ces kev noj haus yuav tsum yog qhov tshiab tau. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob siv ntsev thiab suab thaj. Tsim cov ntawv qhia zaub mov txhua hnub ua ntej. Piv txwv li:
| Khoom qeb | Pub siv | Muaj hauv luag tsawg | Txwv tsis pub cov khoom noj |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bakery khoom | Quav | Nplej, tseem grain, txhuv, inedible pastry ua los ntawm cov hmoov nplej qib thib ob | Puff pastry, ci |
| Cov nqaij thiab nqaij qaib | – | Cov nqaij ntshiv nqaij, nqaij yaj, nqaij qaib, qaib ntxhw, luav, hau tus nplaig, nqaij hnyuv ntxwm | Cov rog ntawm cov nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj, Goose, os, zaub mov hauv kaus poom, hnyuv ntxwm, nqaij npuas kib, nqaij hnyuv ntxwm |
| Thawj qhov kev kawm | Borsch, zaub qhwv, pob ntseg, kua zaub: nceb, ntses, beetroot | Tsis-nplua rog solyanka | Cov Khw Nqaij Khaub Ncaws, Cov Khaub Poob Ua Rog, Tsoos Kharcho |
| Ntses | Ntshiv ntses fillet | Nqaij, squid, cws, oysters, crayfish | Eel, caviar, cov zaub mov kaus poom hauv cov roj, ntses salmon (ntses ntses, ntses liab, ntses liab), herring (sprat, sprat, herring), sturgeon (stellate sturgeon, beluga, sturgeon) |
| Chaw yuj nyuj, khoom noj siv mis | Mis nyuj, kefir, cheese tsis tseem ceeb 25-30% | Kua mis nyeem qaub yog hom mis txias, mis 0%, tshij cheese, tsev cheese 5%, yogurt, fermented ci mis | Qaub cream, tshij 50-60%, salted feta cheese, glazed curds, butter, hws mis nyuj, qab zib |
| Lub lauj kaub | Nyhav, hlaws barley, oat, barley, millet | – | Semolina, tsis tau sau nplej, nplej zom |
| Zaub | Carrots, zaub qhwv (txhua hom), beets, taub dag, txiv lws suav, zucchini, txaij, dos, turnips, radishes, nceb, dib, cov nplooj ntsuab tshiab, tswb txob | Cov pob kws, pob qos yaj ywm, cov ceg tshiab | Fabkis kib, zaub kib, zaub kib thiab ntsev rau khoom |
| Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries | Quince, txiv qaub, cranberries, pear | Plums, txiv apples, txiv duaj, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv cherries, blueberries, dib liab, currants raspberries | Cov txiv kab ntxwv, figs, hnub tim, raisins, txiv tsawb |
| Cov khoom qab zib | Txiv hmab txiv ntoo zaub nyoos | Sambuca, kev sib piv, cov qab zib mousse, cov txiv ntoo ua kua txiv, ntsuab smoothies nrog zib ntab (1 khoom noj. L.) | Mis nyuj khov, khoom qab zib, rog ncuav qab zib, khoom qab zib, jam, puddings, qab zib, mis chocolate nrog txiv ntseej |
| Cov kua ntses thiab txuj lom | Mustard, kua txob, horseradish, kua txiv lws suav, cinnamon, cov txuj lom kom qhuav thiab tshuaj ntsuab | Mayonnaise hauv tsev | Ketchups, zaub sauteing, yuav cov kua txob |
| Dej qab zib | Tshuaj yej, cocoa, av kas fes (qab zib thiab qab zib pub dawb), rosehip thiab raspberry decoction, unsweetened txiv ntoo txiv ntoo, qaub txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus. | Cov kua zaub ntsuab (diluted) | Qab zib cov dej qab zib, kvass, dej qab zib, cawv |
| Lub cev rog | – | Cov roj zaub (linseed, pob kws, txiv roj paj noob hlis), cov roj tsis qab | Rog, Cov Nqaij Rog |
Tom qab hloov cov khoom noj carbohydrates rau chav ua mov ci, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txiav txim siab cov tshuaj insulin uas yuav tsum tau them tawm cov ntshav qab zib tom qab kawg. Kev siv cov lus pom zoo no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej - hyper thiab hypoglycemia.
Noj rau cov ntshav qab zib mellitus 1 degree
Kev xaiv noj haus kom raug xaiv pub rau koj:
- txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob hlab ntsha tawg, mob plawv nres, muaj teeb meem,
- Saib xyuas cov piam thaj nyob hauv ib qho kev txwv
- txhim kho kev zoo, kom lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob, mob khaub thuas,
- poob phaus yog tias koj rog dhau.
Kev noj haus rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 1 yog ua raws li kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm kev saib xyuas cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ntawm lub cim (3.5 ... 5.5 mmol / l).
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua zaub mov noj, kom tswj tau nws cov qib nyob hauv thaj tsam tsim tsim.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua hnub calorie ntsiab lus ntawm cov tais diav (tag nrho hauv ib hnub) yog 3000 kcal.
- Kev noj haus tsawg kawg (tsawg kawg 5 zaug).
- Tshem tawm sucrose ntshiab los ntawm cov ntawv qhia kom txo cov ntshav qab zib.
- Faib cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov carbohydrates rau pluas tshais thiab noj su.
- Tsis txhob noj hmo ntuj.
- Txwv kev ua kom tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj zom tau yooj yim carbohydrates: ci, zib ntab, jam, jam.
- Raws li cov khoom qab zib, siv cov khoom qab zib, piv txwv li, fructose.
- Saib xyuas qhov zoo, "naturalness" ntawm cov khoom.
- Hloov kho lub sijhawm ntawm insulin txoj kev kho rau cov pluas noj mov (cov yeeb tshuaj ntev ua ntej noj ua ntej noj mov, luv luv - tom qab noj mov).
- Suav cov naj npawb ntawm cov khob cij faib ua ib zaug rau pes tsawg carbohydrates noj ib hnub. Rau ib pluag mov nws tau tsim nyog haus tsis ntau tshaj 8 XE.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob hauv lub cev (kab mob hauv lub cev, mob kiav txhab, kiav txhab, plab hnyuv), cov ntshav qab zib yuav txwv tsis pub cov khoom xyaw (zaub mov, noj nqaij, kua zaub nplua nuj, kas fes, haus dej haus cawv, cawv, nceb, cov kaus poom), uas ua rau cov ntshav enzymes ntau dhau, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev thiab theem ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov carbohydrates.
Xav txog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm qeb (tso cai thiab txwv tsis pub), uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus kheej thaum npaj cov zaub mov rau ib lim piam kom cov piam thaj tsis sawv. Txwv tsis pub, suav nrog "kev pheej hmoo thaj chaw" cov khoom xyaw hauv cov zaub mov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwm sim.
Pom zoo cov khoom lag luam rau mob ntshav qab zib 1 daim ntawv:
- poov xab tsis pub poov xab (mov pita),
- cov txiv ntoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (plum, Cherry, txiv qaub, kua, pear, txiv kab ntxwv),
- kua zaub (taum paj, mis nyuj),
- cereals (pearl barley, oatmeal, buckwheat cereal),
- neeg tsis noj nqaij puree kua zaub,
- dej haus (dej me ntsis dej ntxhia dej, cov txiv mousses, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav),
- zaub (dos, zucchini, kua txob, beets, carrots),
- ceev (tsis kib)
- kas fes tsis muaj zog, unsweetened ntsuab / dub / txiv hmab txiv ntoo teas.
Dab tsis noj:
- nplua nuj kua zaub, kua zaub,
- nplej zom, hmoov nplej khoom,
- khoom qab zib (khoom qab zib, ncuav qab zib, khoom qab zib, chocolate, muffin),
- vas nthiv zaub mov, cov zaub mov yooj yim,
- dej cawv (nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov dej qab zib liab),
- qaub, haus, ntsim tais,
- cov rog rog (nqaij npuas, nqaij yaj, os), ntses (mackerel).
Kev noj haus nruj me ntsis nrog cov ntshav qab zib mellitus ntau dua 1 yog nyob ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua noj ua haus. Cov zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo dua noj tshiab, tab sis nws raug tso cai los ua zaub, ci, ci. Cov khoom noj uas kib yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov neeg mob noj mov.
Thaum muaj kev kawm ua haujlwm ntau, cov neeg ncaws pob yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo, vim tias qhov kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau los ua rau cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nrog lub hom phiaj prophylactic ntawm kev tsim hyperglycemic coma, tus neeg mob txoj kev pabcuam kev noj haus yuav tsum muaj cov khoom lag luam cog qoob loo (kua zaub ntawm blueberries, tshuaj yej los ntawm lub duav Rose) uas qis dua cov suab thaj.
Xav txog kev noj zaub mov kom nruj rau cov ntshav qab zib.
Kev noj haus zoo li no, zoo li txhua yam kev kho mob, yog tus neeg thiab yog kws kho los ntawm tus kws tsim nyog endocrinologist raws li kev soj ntsuam daim duab ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev noj zaub mov rau lub cev txhua hnub ntawm cov rog cov neeg mob rog cov zaub mov noj nrog insulin yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 1200-1400 kcal. Thaum tsis tas yuav tsum tshem ntawm cov phaus ntxiv, qhov kev pabcuam ntawm cov tais diav yuav tau nce ntxiv.
Noj rau ib vas thiv rau insulin-hnyav dua rog
- noj tshais - qhob cij - 1 daim, porridge - 170 g., tshuaj yej ntsuab, cheese - 40 g.,
- noj su - pear - 0.5 pc., kev ua tiav cheese - 60 g.,
- noj su - borscht - 250 g., stewed zaub qhwv - 200 g., zaub xam lav - 100 g., chav ua noj cutlet - 100 g., pita qhob cij,
- tav su tshuaj yej - broth ntawm qus sawv, tsev cheese - 100 g, txiv ntoo jelly - 100 g,
- noj hmo - zrazy ntawm zaub paj - 100 g, zaub xas lav - 150 g,
- ua ntej yuav mus pw - mis - 200 ml.
- noj tshais - hau nqaij veal - 50 g., tshuaj yej ntsuab, ntuav qe, lws suav - 1 pc., qhob cij - 1 daim,
- thib ob noj tshais - txiv kab ntxwv qaub lossis txiv kab ntxwv - 1 pc., pistachios - 50 g.,
- noj su - nqaij qaib mis - 100 g., zaub xam lav - 150 g., taub dag porridge - 150 g.,
- khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - txiv kab ntxwv qaub - 1 pc., kefir - 200 ml.,
- noj hmo - hau ntses - 100 g., zaub qhwv - 200 g.,
- ua ntej mus pw - unsweetened cracker - 50 g.
- noj tshais - pita qhob cij, tsis muaj zog kas fes yam tsis muaj qab zib, zaub qhwv nrog nqaij - 200 g.,
- qhov thib ob noj tshais - txiv pos nphuab - 120 g., kua mis nyeem qaub - 200 ml.,
- noj su - nplej zom - 100 g, zaub xam lav - 100 g, ncu ntses - 100 g,
- tav su tshuaj yej - txiv kab ntxwv - 1 pc., decoction ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav,
- noj hmo - tsev cheese cheese zaub nrog pears - 250 g.,
- ua ntej mus pw - kefir.
- noj tshais - porridge - 200 g., tshuaj yej ntsuab, cheese - 70 g. hau qe - 1 pc.,
- noj su - ci nrog cheese, nqaij qaib ntxhw fillet,
- noj su - stewed zucchini nrog nqaij - 200 g, tus neeg tsis noj nqaij kua zaub tsis muaj tsw - 150 g, khob cij yob - 2 pcs.,
- yav tsaus ntuj tshuaj yej - zoological ua noj - 15 g., tshuaj yej dub tsis muaj qab hau,
- noj hmo - taum ntsuab - 200 g, nqaij qaib nqaij qaib xyaw - 150 g, kua zaub qus sawv,
- ua ntej yuav mus pw - noj khob cij qhuav - 3 pcs.
- pluas tshais - cov nqaij rog muaj roj cheese (li 5%) - 150 g, kefir - 200 ml,
- qhov thib ob noj tshais - taub dag cov noob - 2 diav, raisins - 3 tablespoons,
- noj su - ci qos yaj ywm - 100 g, zaub xam lav - 150 g, compote tsis muaj qab zib - 100 g,
- yav tav su tshuaj yej - unsweetened txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshuaj yej, ci taub dag - 150 g.,
- noj hmo - zaub xam lav - 200 g, chav ua noj cutlet - 100 g lossis pancakes nrog blueberries ntawm rye hmoov nplej - 250 g,
- ua ntej mus pw - kefir 1%.
- noj tshais - hau qe - 1 pc., tshuaj yej txiv mab txiv ntoo, kua ntsev muaj ntsev me ntsis - 30 g.,
- thib ob noj tshais - tsev cheese - 150 g., carrots - 1 pc.,
- noj su - ntsuab borscht - 250 g, zaub qhwv mov nrog mov thiab carrots - 170 g, pita qhob cij,
- khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - kefir - 150 ml., khob cij yob - 2 pcs.,
- noj hmo - tshiab taum mog - 100 g, hau nqaij qaib - 100 g, eggplant stewed - 150 g,
- ua ntej yuav mus pw - khaub ncaws qhuav - 50 g.
- noj tshais - ham - 50 g, buckwheat porridge - 200 g, ntsuab ces,
- noj su - zaub xam lav ntawm tuna, dib, lws suav txiv lws suav, rye cov hmoov nplej thoob - 150 g.,
- noj su - stewed zucchini nrog carrots - 100 g., zaub qhwv kua zaub - 250 g., qhob cij - 1 daim, nqaij qaib cutlet - 50 g.,
- khoom noj txom ncauj rau yav tav su - tsev cheese - 100 g., apricots lossis plums - 4 pcs.,
- noj hmo - squid schnitzel nrog dos - 150 g, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav compote,
- ua ntej yuav mus pw - mis - 200 ml.
Kev noj zaub mov kom tsis txhob muaj qab hau rau cov ntshav qab zib yog kom muaj kev noj haus kom zoo rau tus neeg mob kom nws muaj qab zib tsis pub dhau lub cev thiab kom yuag poob.
Noj rau cov ntshav qab zib mellitus 2 degrees
Cov hauv paus ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo:
- hloov cov ua kom zoo zoo ua kom yus qab zib nrog cov piam thaj hloov,
- tus piv ntawm BJU yuav tsum yog 16%: 24%: 60%,
- txo cov tsiaj rog cov rog kom txog li 50%,
Cov ntsiab lus ntsuas ntawm cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub nyob ntawm lub zog noj ntawm tus neeg mob, lub cev nyhav.
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib ntawm hom ob cuam tshuam nrog pluas mov 5-sijhawm, thaum txhua lub lauj kaub tais diav, nyob rau hauv kev pom ntawm lub siab tsis ua haujlwm, yog noj tshwj xeeb hauv chav lossis hauv daim ntawv ua noj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kabmob yog lub siab rhiab heev ntawm lub raum, yog li ntawd, rau kev coj ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob paired, cov nqi ntawm cov protein nyob hauv tus neeg mob lub cev yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj. Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yuav tsum tsom rau cov khoom uas txhim kho cov rog rog: bran, dogrose, roj zaub, tsev cheese, oatmeal.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj rau kev noj qab haus huv yog tsim nyog tswj hwm los ntawm kev ntsuas cov ntshav qab zib: nyob ntawm lub plab tsis rog, 2 teev tom qab noj mov. Thaum muaj qhov tsis sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau kho cov khoom noj, qhov ntau ntawm cov piam thaj txo cov tshuaj.
Cov ntshav qab zib noj zaub mov 9 lossis rooj 9 yog qhov khoos kas zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib nrog cov neeg rog rog txog nrab / rog. Ua raws li nws, kev noj haus rau cov neeg mob muaj: protein (100 g.), Carbohydrates (320 g.), Cov rog (80 g.), Ntawm uas 30% yog cov tsis muaj roj triglycerides.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus rau cov ntshav qab zib tus xov tooj 9 yog txo qis kev noj "cov" carbohydrates "yooj yim, cov rog cov tsiaj, nrog rau kev txwv lub cev kom tsawg. Thaum tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov hnyav dhau los, qab zib thiab khoom qab zib yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov khoom qab zib - sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, maltitol, nyob rau hauv muaj stevia, aspartame, glycyrrhizin, taumarin, neohesperidin.
Kev noj haus rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 2 yog qhov tsis txawv ntawm qhov qhia zaub mov noj rau cov neeg uas saib xyuas lawv kev noj qab haus huv:
- tag nrho cov khoom noj uas niaj hnub muab faib ua 5 txais: 2 khoom noj txom ncauj rau 1-2XE, 3 lub ntsiab rau 5-8XE,
- tsis txhob noj tshais
- so ntau yam nruab nrab ntawm pluas noj - 4 teev,
- pluas mov kawg rau yav tsaus ntuj - 1.5 teev ua ntej yuav mus pw,
- nyob hauv nruab nrab cov pluas noj, nws pom zoo kom noj zaub, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv tshiab, kua txiv qhuav, kefir, mis, ntsuab lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshuaj yej, ncuav qab zib (khaub noom tsis qab), ncuav yob.
Ua raws li txoj kev pabcuam kev noj zaub mov kom raug, tus neeg mob yuav tsis tsuas txhim kho nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo, khaws nws daim duab kom zoo, tab sis kuj tseem zam kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub plawv (cov hlab ntshav ntawm cov hlab ntsha), qhov muag puas (retinopathy), lub raum (nephropathy), cov hlab ntsha (neropathy).
Xws li cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob ua rau lub plab, nplooj siab, zais zis, zaub mov noj 5 yog siv rau cov ntshav qab zib, uas txwv kev noj ntsev rau 10 g / hnub, raws li kev noj cov zaub ntsuab, cereals, mashed maj mam kua zaub, zaub, txiv ntseej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj roj tsawg thiab cov khoom noj muaj mis. Cov. Cov txheej txheem kev kho no, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj, ua rau muaj kev txhim kho hauv tus neeg mob kom zoo thiab ua tiav lossis ib nrab tshem tawm tus mob, nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Kev noj haus rau txhua hnub nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm daim ntawv thib ob
- noj tshais - asparagus - 100 g., cov kib qe ntawm 3-4 quail qe,
- thib ob noj tshais - zaub xam lav ntawm walnuts, squid, txiv apples - 200 g.,
- noj su - ci eggplant stuffed nrog pomegranate, txiv ntoo - 100 g, beetroot kua zaub - 250 g,
- tav su tshuaj yej - dej khov los ntawm avocado thiab cocoa - 100 g.,
- noj hmo - salmon steak nrog radish sauce - 200 g.
- noj tshais - yogurt, hercules - 200 g (koj tuaj yeem siv stevia lossis agave nectar ua cov khoom qab zib), ib qho kua txiv - 1 pc.,
- thib ob noj tshais - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo smoothie (txhoov txiv ntoo qab zib, txiv pos nphuab, txiv ntoo thiab 4 khob dej khov hauv rab rau 80 g txhua),
- noj su - ci nqaij menyuam nyuj - 150 g, zaub stew - 200 g,
- cov khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - tsev cheese thiab pear casserole - 150 g.,
- noj hmo - ib qho sib xyaw zaub - 200 g, avocado - ib nrab ntawm cov txiv ntoo.
- noj tshais - ob lub qe kib qe nrog cheese, zaub basil, txiv lws suav
- thib ob tshais - zaub "chav" - 100 g., hummus - 100 g.,
- noj su - neeg tsis noj nqaij kua zaub puree - 200 g., peas ntsuab - 50 g. nqaij qaib cutlets - 150 g.,
- tav su tshuaj yej - pear - 1 pc., almonds - 50 g.,
- noj hmo - salmon - 150 g, yogurt, zaub ntsuab.
- noj tshais - cov txiv ntoo ci (txiv apples, plums, txiv ntoo qab zib) hauv agave txiv ntoo - 200 g.,
- noj su - qhaub cij nrog tuna thiab zaub xas lav,
- noj su - nqaij nyuj nqaij ci - 150 g, zaub paj taub hau - 200 g, zaub xam lav ntawm txiv lws suav, arugula, parmesan - 100 g,
- cov khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv qab zib (ua ke ntawm cov txiv nkhaus taw, kiwi, txiv pos nphuab nrog daus, ncuav kua txiv kab ntxwv thiab khov) - 150 g.,
- noj hmo - zaub cob pob yob - 200 g.
- noj tshais - txiv kab ntxwv - 1 pc., kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov cheese tsis tshua muaj rog - 30 g., khob cij yob - 2 pc.,
- thib ob noj tshais - beetroot zaub xam lav nrog txiv ntoo - 200 g.,
- noj su - mov - 200 g., kua txob kua txob - 150 g., txiv kab ntxwv qaub - 1 pc.,
- tav su tshuaj yej - cov txiv ntseej nrog whipped cream 10% - 150 g.,
- noj hmo - broth ntawm sawv duav, squid schnitzel nrog dos - 200 g
- noj tshais - souffle los ntawm carrots thiab tsev cheese - 200 g.,
- qhov thib ob noj tshais - zrazy los ntawm cauliflower - 100 g.,
- noj su - zaub xam lav ntawm mandarin, nqaij qaib mis, arugula - 200 g., compote ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, zaub kua zaub - 200 ml.,
- cov khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - mousse los ntawm kiwi, raspberries - 200 ml.,
- noj hmo - cod nrog carrots, steamed - 200 g., kefir.
- noj tshais - lub ncuav ci kua zaub nrog oat flakes, txiv ntoo, raisins - 1 pc.,
- tshais thib ob - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub xam lav los ntawm kohlrabi, celery, pears - 200 g, cws - 100 g,
- noj su - polenta - 200 g., zaub ntsuab, hau kaus mom - 200 g., kiwi - 1 pc.,
- tav su tshuaj yej - txiv pos nphuab nrog mascarpone - 100 g.,
- noj hmo - dib zaub xam lav nrog dos, spinach - 250 g, ntsuab tshuaj yej.
Kev noj haus rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 2 nrog cov rog yog tsom rau txo tus neeg mob lub cev qhov hnyav los ntawm kev noj tsawg (los yog ua kom tsis suav tawm) ntawm cov khoom uas muaj glycemic Performance index ntau dua 60 ntu. thiab calories ntau dua 350 kcal.
Nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv tus neeg mob lub tshuab raj.
Nco ntsoov, kev noj zaub mov zoo tshaj saum toj no tsis yog kev noj haus zoo rau txhua tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua raws li nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau soj ntsuam kom zoo. Yog tias nws ua kom tsis zoo, "muaj teeb meem" cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib gestational
Muaj qee kis, nyob hauv lub cev ntawm tus niam cev xeeb tub, qhov ua haujlwm kom zoo ntawm tus txiav tsis ua hauj lwm. Hauv qhov no, lub cev pib nres ntau lawm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, thiab vim li ntawd, cov ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev xeeb tub loj hlob tuaj. Feem ntau, cov mob no yooj yim los tswj nrog kev noj zaub mov kom raug.
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub
- Caw kom tsis muaj qab zib, confectionery, pastries, semolina, cov txiv qab zib, thiab cov khoom muaj cov qab zib los ntawm kev noj haus.
- Sib npaug rau cov zaub mov txhua hnub. Cov kev cai niaj hnub ntawm carbohydrates yog 50%, cov protein - 30%, rog - 15-20%. Tib lub sijhawm, Malysheva kev noj haus rau cov ntshav qab zib yuav pab txo qis cov zaub mov noj uas muaj tsob ntoo thiab tsiaj triglycerides (5-10%).
- Saib xyuas kev haus dej sib tov - 1.5-2 liv dej ib hnub.
- Txhim kho cov khoom noj txhua hnub nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab (cereals, mov ci, mov nplej, legume, qos qab zib, Jerusalem artichoke, radish, beets) thiab cov khoom noj siv mis.
- Khoom txom ncauj nrog txiv ntoo tshiab.
- Faib cov khoom noj txhua hnub rau hauv 3 lub ntsiab “ze” (noj tshais, noj su, noj hmo) thiab 2 khoom noj txom ncauj (noj su, noj khoom txom ncauj thaum tav su).
- Txhawb nqa cov khoom noj zoo txhua hnub nrog multivitamin complexes rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
- Txo cov piam thaj nrog cov tshuaj ntsuab pej xeem uas siv cov tshuaj pleev ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, cov paj linden, blueberries, lilac buds, taum taum.
- Txwv kev haus dej haus muaj caffeine ntau. Cov tshuaj alkaloids yog cov tau txais 2 ua kas fes lossis tshuaj yej.
Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub cev txhua hnub ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub yog 2000 - 3000 kcal. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov ntshav qab zib ua rau cov ntshav qab zib hauv plab yog txwv tsis pub.
Cov zaub mov kom pom zoo rau cov niam cev xeeb tub uas muaj ntshav siab
- noj tshais - millet porridge - 150 g, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshuaj yej, qhob cij rye - 20 g,
- thib ob noj tshais - ziab cov hmoov nplej tseem qhuav - 50 g, hmoov tsis qab 17% - 20 g, kua - 1 pc.,
- noj su - buckwheat porridge - 100 g, sib xyaw ntawm zaub qhwv, Jerusalem artichoke, dib - 150 g, stewed nyuj - 70 g,
- cov khoom noj txom ncauj yav tav su - tsev cheese 5% - 100 g, cov hmoov txhuam tsis qab - 2 pcs., txiv kab ntxwv - 1 pc.,
- noj hmo - hau nqaij qaib xyaw xyaw - 60 g, zaub rau sab zaub (carrots, zaub qhwv, kua txob) - 100 g, kua txiv lws suav - 180 ml, khob cij yob - 2 pcs.,
- 3 teev ua ntej mus pw - kefir / yogurt - 200 ml.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub cev muaj mob tau pom kev taug kev (40 feeb nyob hauv ib hnub) thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev (kev tawm dag zog, dej ib ce).
Ua ntej txhua pluas noj, 1 teev tom qab noj mov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub los ntsuas tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Yog hais tias kev ntsuas ntsuas tsis txo qis cov piam thaj, koj yuav tsum nrhiav cov lus ntuas los ntawm tus kws paub txog endocrinologist. Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub hauv 20% ntawm cov neeg mob yuav mob ntev. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus niam, rau 3 - 5 hlis. tom qab yug menyuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas koj cov zaub mov kom zoo thiab tswj qib ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm koj tus kheej ntawm cov insulin.
Noj zaub mov rau mob ntshav qab zib insulin-rau cov menyuam yaus
Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv menyuam yaus thiab thaum tiav hluas yog qhov ntau nyuaj rau kev tso siab dua li cov laus. Tus me nyuam lub caj ces, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho tus kab mob autoimmune.
Hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob, cov menyuam yaus tau kuaj pom tias muaj cov ntshav qabzib-yam mob ntshav qab zib (1 yam). "Nres" qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kabmob no yuav pab kom paub thaum ntxov, kho tamsis ntawd thiab ua raws li cov zaubmov tshwjxeeb.
Kev noj haus ntshav qab zib rau cov menyuam yaus
- Yuav kom tsis suav cov piam thaj, qab zib dej qab zib, confectionery, khoom ci bakery los ntawm cov nplej hmoov nplej, zaub mov kib, ncuav pastries los ntawm cov ntawv qhia.
- Ua kom cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj qab zib, zaub thiab tshuaj ntsuab (tsis txwv). Nyob rau hauv qhov txiav npluav - txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv tsawb, raisins, hnub tim, persimmons, figs.
- Siv cov piam thaj hloov ua qab zib - fructose, sorbitol, xylitol.
- Faib cov khoom noj txhua hnub rau 6 pluas noj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau noj cov zaub mov ib ntus. Tolerances nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam lub sij hawm khoom noj khoom haus yog 15-20 feeb.
- Noj cov khoom noj tom qab 15 feeb. tom qab tswj hwm cov tshuaj insulin thiab 2 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
- Yog tias nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem noj cov khoom noj raws sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem noj cov ncuav, txiv duaj, txiv ntoo, txiv ncuav pias lossis kua txiv li khoom noj txom ncauj. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum koj mus tshaib plab.
- Kev nres "hypoglycemia" yuav pab tau tam sim ntawd hlais cov qhob noom xim kasfes. Yog li, tus neeg laus uas nrog nws cov menyuam yuav tsum nco ntsoov muaj cov khoom qab zib.
- Txhawb cov menyuam txoj kev noj haus niaj hnub nrog cov khoom noj mis.
- Xam koj kev ua fructose txhua hnub. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom qab zib ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kabmob.
Txhawm rau txo cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, nws raug nquahu rau tus menyuam kom muab cov khoom ua qab zib ntawm blueberries, nettles, pob kws, cov nplooj mint, barberry ceg, taum taum, Jerusalem artichoke, ginseng thiab eleutherococcus.
Kev taw qhia txog kev kho tshuaj insulin rau hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2
Insulin-hom mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yog thawj qhov kev paub txog kev kho insulin. Daim ntawv teev npe ntawm lwm cov lus pom zoo suav nrog ketoacidosis thiab coma (tsis hais tus ntawv ntawm tus kabmob). Insulin-hom mob 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus kuj tseem yog qhov qhia tau txog kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho kev noj zaub mov noj thiab kev hais lus qab zib kom tsawg.
Cov neeg mob tom qab txiav mob caj dab yog pom zoo kom kho zoo ib yam, zoo li qee kis nrog pathology ntawm hom ob. Qhov no yuav yog qhov txo qis hauv lub cev, ua cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntev, ua ib daim ntawv hnyav ntawm lub hlwb tsis zoo.
Ntxiv rau, insulin-hom mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 tuaj yeem kho tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nrog mob dystrophic thiab mob txhab zoo rau cov tawv nqaij. Cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam thiab pub niam mis rau leej twg muaj npe nyob rau hauv.
Neeg tsis noj nqaij Puree kua zaub
- zaub cob pob - 300 g
- zucchini - 200 g.,
- zaub ntsuab - 100 g.,
- celery - 200 g.,
- rye hmoov - 1 tablespoon,
- mis nyuj - 200 ml.,
- dos - 1 pc.,
- cream - 100 ml
- dej - 500 ml.
- tev, tsuav dos, zucchini, zaub kav, zaub ntsuab,
- faib cov zaub cob pob rau hauv inflorescences,
- poob zaub rau hauv cov dej npau, ua noj li 15 feeb,
- zom cov khoom tiav nrog rab,
- nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov zaub sib xyaw, ntxiv mis nyuj, qab zib, ntxiv ntsev thiab kua txob, muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov cub,
- simmer cov kua zaub rau peb feeb,
- thaum muab kev pab, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog zaub ntsuab.
Squid nrog dos squid
- breadcrumbs - 25 g.,
- squid - 400 g.,
- leek
- qe - 1 pc.,
- zaub roj
- zaub ntsuab (zaub txhwb qaib, zaub ntsuab),
- dos - 1 pc.
- zom cov squid carcasses nrog nqaij grinder,
- ntxiv cov nplawm av, ntsev rau cov nqaij minced,
- tev, tsuav, zom dos hauv lub lauj kaub,
- chop zaub
- ntaus lub qe
- sib tov dos, tshuaj ntsuab, squid nqaij,
- los ua mincemeat schnitzels, 1 cm tuab,
- tsau cov nqaij txheej nyob rau hauv lub qe, qhob cij hauv breadcrumbs,
- kib rau 6 feeb ntawm hluav taws kom txog thaum kub.
Pancakes nrog blueberries on rye hmoov
- tsev cheese 2% - 200 g.,
- blueberries - 150 g
- Stevia tshuaj ntsuab - 2 sachets ntawm 1 g txhua,
- dej qab zib - 0.5 tsp tsis muaj roob
- noob hnav roj - 2 tbsp.,
- rye hmoov - 200 g.,
- ntsev
- qe - 1 pc.
- ua rau tincture ntawm stevia: nchuav 2 sachets ntawm cov nyom nrog ib khob dej kub (90 ° C), hais kom txog 30-40 feeb, txias,
- ntxuav cov txiv ntseej, qhuav,
- zuaj lub khob noom cookie: sib tov tsev cheese, qe, tincture, tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo qhia cov hmoov nplej, dej qab zib, blueberries, butter,
- ci rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub preheated rau 20 feeb.
Cauliflower Zrazy
- qe - 2 pcs.,
- mov nplej - 4 diav,
- ntsuab hauv paus dos
- pob zaub paj - 500 g
- zaub roj
- cov ntsev.
Kev sib lawv liag ntawm kev tsim zraz:
- disassemble lub cauliflower rau inflorescences, boil rau 15 feeb, nteg nws rau ntawm ib phaj, tom qab ntawd txias thiab chop,
- nyob rau hauv lub txiaj ntsig puree, ua kom paub cov hmoov nplej, ntsev,
- muab lub khob noom cookie tso cia li 30 feeb,
- hau, tsuav qe,
- tsuav lub dos
- yob cov npas los ntawm cov zaub qhwv khob noom cookie, ua khoom qab zib nrog lawv, hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas nteg qe-dos txhaws, txho, yob hauv cov hmoov nplej,
- kib zaub zrazy dhau li tshav kub tsawg rau 9 feeb ntawm ob sab.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob
Ib yam li ib yam kabmob twg, kev mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem loj heev. Mob muaj xws li ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar thiab comacticidal hnov qab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kev mob tshwm sim sai heev, thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm daim duab kho mob dav dav, kev nthuav qhia pom tsis tshua pom tseeb.
Cov hom mob ntshav qab zib-insulin muaj peev xwm yuav ua kom phem ntxiv los ntawm kev mob lwm yam dhau los. Cov qeb tau hais tawm muaj xws li retinopathy, angiopathy, mob polyneuropathy thiab mob ko taw. Qhov phom sij ntawm txhua qhov mob tau hais dhau los no yog maj mam hais txog qhov mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias muaj cov kev kho kom zoo tsis ib txwm lees tias muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lub cev.
Cov qeb kawg yog cov mob nyhav uas tshwm sim 10-15 xyoo tom qab pib mob. Koj tuaj yeem xav kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau txhua qhov hauv nruab nrog cev thiab kab ke, uas yog cov hlab ntsha, ob lub raum, tawv nqaij, lub paj hlwb. Ib qho ntawm cov mob uas tau hais tawm ua rau lub neej muaj ntshav qab zib ntau dua.
Tsev cheese thiab pear casserole
- qe - 2 pcs.,
- tsev cheese 2% - 600 g.,
- qaub cream 10% - 2 dia,
- mov nplej - 2 diav,
- vanilla
- pears - 600 g.
Kev npaj khoom noj qab zib:
- grind tsev cheese nrog hmoov, qe, vanilla.
- tev cov pears, tshem tawm cov tub ntxhais, faib ua 2 ntu: thawj zaug - txiav rau hauv 1 cm x 1 cm ntsuas, qhov thib ob - grate ntawm coarse grater,
- sib tov tsev cheese nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tawm mus rau "so" rau ib nrab ib teev,
- muab cov khob noom cookie tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim silicone, roj ci sab saum toj ntawm cov tub nrog kua qaub, kis rau ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm cov pears,
- ci hauv qhov cub ntawm 180 ° C rau 45 feeb.
Souffle los ntawm tsev cheese thiab carrots
- carrots - 2 pcs.,
- nplej hmoov nplej - 50 g.,
- tsev cheese - 200 g.,
- zaub txhwb qaib
- ntsev
- qe - 3 pcs.,
- walnuts - 50 g.
- zom cov curd rau ib homogeneous loj,
- tev carrots, zom nrog grater,
- faib cov qe ua cov protein, qe,
- chop parsley ceev
- qhia cov qe rau hauv cov zaub ntug hauv paus-curd sib xyaw,
- ntaus cov nas ncuav
- muab cov ntawv sau rau hauv muffin pwm,
- ntxiv cov protein rau hauv lub khob noom cookie, do, faib qhov loj hauv tins,
- muab cov kua dej qab zib tso rau hauv qhov cub, ci rau 20 feeb ntawm t = 190 ° С.
Yog li, kev noj zaub mov noj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, txij li kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov kev npaj. Yog li, kev npaj noj haus thiab nws cov hauv qab no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom hnyav heev thiab ua tib zoo, txwv tsis pub tsis saib xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Yuav ua li cas paub txog thawj cov tsos mob
Thaum tus mob ntshav qab zib hom I tab tom pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm menyuam yaus lossis menyuam hluas, nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd.
- Yog tias tus menyuam pheej hais kom haus hauv lub caij sov sov, tom qab ntawd feem ntau, cov niam txiv yuav pom qhov ntuj no.
- Kev tsis pom kev thiab nkees ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsev kawm theem siab thiab lub cev qhov txawv txav rau lawv.
- Kev hnyav dua kuj yog qhov kev zam, lawv hais tias, nyob rau ntawm tus hluas lub cev muaj kev sib deev tshuaj hormones, kev qaug zog dua yuav cuam tshuam.
Tab sis tag nrho cov cim no tuaj yeem yog pib ntawm kev tsim hom I mob ntshav qab zib. Thiab yog tias thawj cov tsos mob mus tsis tau pom, tom qab ntawd tus me nyuam yuav pib mob ketoacidosis. Los ntawm nws qhov, ketoacidosis zoo li lom: muaj mob plab, xeev siab, thiab ntuav.
Tab sis nrog ketoacidosis, lub siab poob siab thiab ib txwm tsaug zog, uas tsis yog qhov teeb meem nrog kev lom khoom noj. Qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm acetone los ntawm lub qhov ncauj yog thawj qhov cim ntawm tus kabmob.
Ketoacidosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog mob ntshav qab zib hom II, tab sis qhov no, tus neeg mob cov neeg txheeb ze twb paub nws yog dab tsi thiab yuav coj li cas. Tab sis ketoacidosis, uas tau tshwm sim rau thawj zaug, yog ib txwm tsis tau npaj siab, thiab los ntawm qhov no nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.
Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
Nws tsis yog txoj cai heev rau xaiv cov khoom raws li tus nqi ntawm XE, vim tias cov khoom noj yuav tsum muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab suav nrog txhua qhov tsim nyog ntxiv, nrog rau cov vitamins thiab minerals. Hauv qhov no, cov neeg muaj insulin-tso ua hom ntawm tus kab mob xav tau tsis tsuas yog saib xyuas cov nyiaj ntawm cov carbohydrates, tab sis kuj yuav tsum ua raws cov zaub mov muaj kuab.
Thawj cov lus qhia rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav yog xaiv cov khoom noj tsis muaj zais cia ntau, xws li nplej zom nplej lossis txhuv dub. Nws raug nquahu kom noj cov nqaij ntshiv, nrog rau nqaij qaib, qaib cov txwv.
Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob noj zaub mov uas muaj cov khoom lag luam, xws li lub raum, nplooj siab thiab caviar. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau hom rog-ntses yog qhov zoo tshaj rau noj.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo yuav raug yog tias lwm qhov lus pom zoo ua raws:
- qe tsis contraindicated, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub yolk nce qhov feem ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav,
- cov mis nyuj npe muaj qhov siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov mis nyuj, yogurt lossis cheese nrog qhov muaj roj tsawg kawg,
- nws raug tso cai kom siv cov rog lub teeb, piv txwv li, paj noob hlis, txiv roj los yog kua roj.
Kev noj haus rau insulin-tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib mellitus pub rau kev siv feem coob ntawm cov zaub tsis muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav muaj txiaj ntsig, uas yog txiv apples, txiv duaj, txiv kab ntxwv qaub.
Kev noj haus rau cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib insulin-tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum suav cov khoom noj muaj feem. Txhua feem tau me me, qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev pub zaub mov yog 5-6 zaug hauv ib hnub. Nws raug nquahu kom npaj koj pluas noj ntawm cov sijhawm sib nrug.
Noj hmo ob yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg ob teev ua ntej yuav mus pw. Noj tshais uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo; lawv yuav tsum noj thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tag nrho cov no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias ua ke nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov piam thaj nkag rau hauv cov ntshav thiab yuav tsum tau tawg, uas tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev siv lub cev, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm ib hnub.
Kev noj qab zib rau cov ntshav qab zib yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov tshuaj fiber ntau. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov oatmeal yuav txaus siab ib nrab ntawm cov fiber ntau hnub txoj cai rau lub cev. Tsuas yog cov khaub noom nplej yuav tsum tau siav rau hauv dej thiab tsis ntxiv butter.
Kev noj haus rau cov mob ntshav qab zib-insulin muaj qhov txawv cov cai no:
- Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm 5 mus rau 6 zaug hauv ib hnub,
- Khoom noj muaj feem, hauv feem me,
- Noj ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua
- Txhua yam khoom xaiv tau qis glycemic index,
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv qhia noj tshais,
- Ua noj porridges ntawm dej yam tsis ntxiv butter thiab tsis haus nrog cov khoom muaj mis nyuj,
- Noj mov kawg tsawg kawg ob teev ua ntej yuav mus pw,
- Cov kua txiv mab txiv ntoo tau txwv tsis pub siv, tab sis kua txiv lws suav tso cai muaj ntau npaum li ntawm 150 - 200 ml ib hnub,
- Haus tsawg kawg yog ob litres kua ib hnub,
- Cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, zaub mov, nqaij thiab khoom noj siv mis.
- Zam kev yaum thiab yoo mov.
Tag nrho cov kev cai no coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev noj haus ntshav qab zib kom zoo.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv cov ntshav qab zib tsis yog-insulin yog los ua kom cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau qhov zoo siab 5.5, rov qab rhiab ntawm lub hlwb rau insulin, txo lub cev qhov hnyav (txij li 80% ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tsis-insulin yog cov rog dhau) thiab tiv thaiv kev mob nyhav.
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem nyeem dab tsi mob ntshav qab zib muab rau ntawm ceg.
Txawm hais tias ib tus neeg tau txheeb pom tus mob ntshav qab zib tsis yog insulin los yog mob ntshav qab zib insulin-mob ntshav qab zib, kev noj haus yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv ob hom. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yuav luag tsis muaj tseeb rau kev ua kom cov ntshav qab zib cov ntshav tsis muaj zaub mov tshwj xeeb.
Kev noj haus yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus, tab sis lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj zoo li no yog kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom cog thiab kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom noj tau yooj yim.
Cov khoom noj zoo yuav tsum xaiv los ntawm kws kho mob. Ua ntej, nws xav tau los laij cov nqi tsim nyog hauv lub zog ntawm tus neeg mob noj haus ib hnub. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg mob, nws lub cev qhov hnyav, hnub nyoog thiab lub cev nquag. Yog li, tus poj niam xav tau txog 20-25 kcal ib qhov hnyav ntawm ib hnub, thiab rau txiv neej - 25-30 kcal.
Nws paub tias rau txhua yam kabmob, tus neeg noj zaub mov zoo thiab kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau tsim cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb, txhua tus muaj nws tus lej. Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov zaub mov noj qab zib rau cov ntshav qab zib yog 9. Qhov kev noj zaub mov no yog tsom rau lub cev ua kom cov nyiaj hauv lub cev ua kom lub cev sib xyaw, tiv thaiv cov roj ntsha tsis txaus thiab ua rau cov zom zaub mov tsis txaus siab rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Cov khoom noj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 cuam tshuam rau kev noj zaub mov ntawm tus lej 9. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj zoo no yog kom pab txhawb cov rog thiab cov roj uas muaj lub cev sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub cev.
Qee tus neeg mob ntseeg tias nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob muaj kev noj zaub mov uas muaj cov khoom noj carbohydrates, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseeb tsis yog qhov tseeb. Kev tsis kam los ua kom tau cov carbohydrates tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho tus neeg mob cov mob, thiab feem ntau tsuas mob tsis zoo.
Cov zaub mov carbohydrates ceev zoo li qab zib lossis ncuav qab zib pom zoo, hloov nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov khoom noj rau tus kab mob yog ntau yam thiab tsis ploj.
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib hom 2 cuam tshuam txog kev noj zaub mov noj ntawm rooj 9
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb hais txog kev noj zaub mov noj rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2:
- tshem cov khoom noj muaj suab thaj ntawm cov zaub mov: khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib, jams, thiab lwm yam.
- siv sweetener,
- nce zaub mov noj. Cov zaub mov yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv fractional, tsis yog nyob rau ntau qhov ntau txog 6 zaug hauv ib hnub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib nrug ntawm cov pluas noj tsis pub tshaj 3-3.5 teev,
- 2-2.5 teev ua ntej yuav mus pw yuav tsum yog tus neeg noj hmo kawg,
- yog tias xav noj khoom txom ncauj, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem noj cov txiv ntoo lossis txiv mab txiv ntoo,
- cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau noj tshais. Nqa cov zaub mov me me tab sis cov siab
- thaum qhia cov nqaij rau hauv kev noj zaub mov noj, xaiv hom tsis muaj roj, nyiam dua nqaij qaib, nqaij ntses lossis qaib cov txwv. Txhua nqaij cov tais diav yuav tsum muab rhaub lossis hau,
- kuj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los soj ntsuam cov calories kom ib hnub twg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau kis mob tus neeg mob rog,
- ntxiv rau kev noj haus no yuav tsum haus luam yeeb, cawv,
- haus cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau, vim nws pab ua kom zoo dua nqus cov carbohydrates thiab tiv thaiv cov zom zaub mov ntawm lub plab los ntawm kev mob plab,
- cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog qhia tau kom tsis txhob noj lub khob cij dawb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov nrog dub los yog nrog ntxiv cov xua,
- Tsis txhob hnov qab lwm txoj cai - ntshav qab zib yuav tsum hloov lub teeb carbohydrates nrog cov uas tsis yooj yim, piv txwv li, oatmeal lossis buckwheat.
Thaum ua raws kev noj haus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob noj ntau dhau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj thiab saib xyuas koj qhov hnyav. Txog li 2 litres ntawm cov dej lim yuav tsum haus ib hnub.
kev noj haus yuav tsum haus luam yeeb, haus dej cawv
Noj cov zaub mov No. 9 rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm Zaj 8, hauv rooj plaub thaum tus neeg mob rog dhau.
Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho tshuaj insulin
Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin yog qhov yooj yim heev. Tom qab tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo tau noj, nws cov txiav ua ntej tso cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv cov ntshav, cov piam thaj yuav nqus tau los ntawm cov cell, thiab nws cov qib poob qis.
Hauv cov neeg uas muaj hom 1 thiab hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, rau ntau qhov laj thawj, qhov kev txhim kho no tsis muaj peev xwm, yog li nws yuav tsum qog nrog nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, koj yuav tsum paub ntau npaum li cas thiab nrog cov khoom twg hauv lub cev tau txais carbohydrates thiab ntau npaum li cas cov insulin xav tau rau lawv kev ua.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrates hauv zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov calorie cov ntsiab lus, yog li nws ua rau pom kev suav cov calories yog hom I thiab ntshav qab zib hom II tau nrog cov hnyav dhau.
Muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib hom I, yuav tsis tau noj zaub mov ntau, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog tus mob ntshav qab zib hom II tau. Qhov no yog vim li cas txhua tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib kuv yuav tsum ntsuas ntsuas ntshav qab zib lawv tus kheej thiab ntsuas lawv cov koob tshuaj insulin kom raug.
Cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom II uas tsis siv tshuaj insulin kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau cia chaw tshuaj xyuas tus kheej. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntev dua thiab qhia tau yooj yim dua, nws yooj yim rau tus neeg mob coj mus rau hauv txhua yam ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus mob.
Lub chaw muag mis nyuj yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj haus thiab kev ua neej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, tus neeg mob yuav tsis nco lub caij thaum mob ntshav qab zib hom II mus rau hauv hom tshuaj insulin-tiv thaiv.
“Chav khob cij” - yog dab tsi
Mob Ntshav Qab Zib I thiab II yuav tsum muaj qhov kev suav tas mus li ntawm cov neeg mob cov zaub mov uas tau nyiaj los ntawm tus neeg mob nrog zaub mov noj.
Hauv hom ntshav qab zib hom I, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los laij cov koob tshuaj insulin. Thiab muaj ntshav qab zib hom II, txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj kev kho mob thiab kev noj haus lub cev. Thaum xam, tsuas yog cov carbohydrates uas cuam tshuam rau cov piam thaj thiab qhov uas nws muaj cov rog insulin rau kev noj tshuaj yog suav nrog.
Ib txhia ntawm lawv, xws li qab zib, yog nqus sai sai, lwm tus - qos yaj ywm thiab zaub mov noj, tau nqus ntau qeeb qeeb. Qhov ua kom yooj yim ntawm lawv kev suav, ib qho muaj nuj nqis hu ua "chav ua mov ci" (XE) tau raug coj los siv, thiab lub khob cij ntsuas cov ncuav txawv txawv ua lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob.
Ib qho XE yog kwv yees li 10-12 grams ntawm carbohydrates. Qhov no yog ib qho tseeb ntau npaum li tau muaj nyob hauv ib daim khob cij dawb lossis dub dub “cib” 1 cm tuab. Nws tsis txawv qhov khoom lag luam twg yuav raug ntsuas, cov nyiaj carbohydrates yuav zoo ib yam:
- nyob rau hauv ib tablespoon ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog hmoov,
- nyob rau hauv ob dia ntawm siav buckwheat porridge,
- nyob rau hauv xya dia lentils los yog taum pauv,
- hauv ib nrab qos.
Cov uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom II yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom noj ua kua thiab hau siav yog nqus tau sai, uas txhais tau tias lawv nce ntshav qab zib ntau dua li cov zaub mov tawv thiab tuab.
Yog li no, thaum npaj khoom noj, nws raug nquahu kom tus neeg mob ntsuas qab zib. Yog tias nws qis dua qhov kev cai, ces koj tuaj yeem noj semolina rau pluas tshais, yog tias qib qab zib muaj siab dua cov cai, ces nws zoo dua rau noj tshais nrog qe kib.
Rau ib qho XE, nyob rau nruab nrab, 1.5 txog 4 units ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Muaj tseeb, xav tau ntau dua thaum sawv ntxov, thiab tsawg dua yav tsaus ntuj. Hauv lub caij ntuj no, qhov ntau npaum ntawm lub cev nce, thiab nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, nws poob. Nruab nrab ntawm ob pluas noj, ib hom Neeg Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Kuv tuaj yeem noj ib lub txiv av, uas yog 1 XE. Yog tias ib tug neeg saib xyuas ntshav qab zib, tom qab ntawd tsis tas yuav hno tshuaj ntxiv.
Cov tshuaj insulin twg zoo dua
Nrog rau mob ntshav qab zib I thiab II, 3 hom tshuaj tua kab mob hlwb (pancreatic hormones) tau siv:
Koj tsis tuaj yeem hais meej tias qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho tshuaj insulin tsis yog nyob ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub keeb, tab sis nws ntau npaum li cas. Tab sis muaj ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau sau ntawv tsuas yog tib neeg insulin:
- xeeb tub
- cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom I thawj zaug,
- cov neeg muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tau muab faib ua "luv", qhov kev txiav txim nruab nrab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev.
Cov insulins luv luv:
- Actropid
- Khoom Ntsuas
- Iletin P Homorap,
- Cov tshuaj insulin.
Ib qho ntawm lawv pib ua haujlwm 15-30 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 4-6 teev. Cov tshuaj yog muab ua ntej txhua pluas noj thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv, yog tias cov piam thaj nce siab dua ib txwm. Cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom I yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj ntxiv nrog lawv ib txwm.
Cov Insulin Nruab Nrab
- Semilent MS thiab NM
- Semilong
Lawv tig rau lawv cov haujlwm 1.5 mus rau 2 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab tshwm sim tom qab 4-5 teev. Lawv yooj yim rau cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj sijhawm lossis tsis xav noj tshais tom tsev, tab sis ua nws hauv kev pabcuam, tab sis txaj muag los tswj cov tshuaj txhua lub sijhawm.
Tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias yog tias koj tsis noj khoom raws sijhawm, cov piam thaj yuav poob qis, thiab yog tias muaj cov carbohydrates ntau hauv qhov kev noj zaub mov ntau dua qhov koj xav tau, koj yuav tsum siv tshuaj ntxiv.
Yog li no, cov pab pawg insulins no tau txais kev pom zoo tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas, noj tawm sab nraud, paub raws nraim lub sijhawm nws yuav noj zaub mov thiab pes tsawg carbohydrates yuav nyob rau hauv.
Ntev insulins
- Monotard MS thiab NM,
- Protafan
- Iletin PN,
- Homofan
- Humulin N,
- Daim kab xev.
Lawv qhov kev txiav txim pib 3-4 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Rau qee lub sijhawm, lawv cov theem hauv cov ntshav tsis txawv txav, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 14-16 teev. Hauv hom I mob ntshav qab zib hom, cov insulins no txhaj ob zaug ib hnub.
Qhov twg thiab thaum twg ua cov tshuaj insulin
Them rau hom ntshav qab zib hom I yog nqa los ntawm kev ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntawm ntau yam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm zoo li no yog tias nrog lawv cov kev pab koj tuaj yeem sim ua haujlwm ntau ntawm cov txiav, ntxiv rau koj yuav tsum paub qhov twg insulin tau txhaj.
Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws zoo li no: thaum sawv ntxov lawv txhaj qhov "luv" thiab "ntev". Ua ntej noj hmo, qhov tshuaj "luv" yog txhaj, thiab ua ntej mus pw, nws tsuas yog "ntev". Tab sis cov txheej txheem kuj yuav txawv: thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj "ntev" cov tshuaj hormones, thiab "luv" ua ntej txhua pluas noj.
-
Hom 1 thiab hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus
Ntshav qab zib mellitus hom 1 thiab hom 2 muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob nrog nws. Yog tias kuaj mob ntshav qab zib, muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob nrog nws, txhua tus neeg puas paub? Kev cia siab lub neej yog txiav txim siab, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm hom kab mob. ... -
-
-
