Prevenar 13 > Kev khomob thiab kev tiv thaiv

Nqe 13: cov lus qhia rau kev siv thiab tshuaj xyuas

Lub npe Latin: Prevenar 13

ATX Code: J07AL02

Cov khoom xyaw nquag: polysaccharides ntawm 13 serotypes ntawm pneumococcus: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F, CRM197 cov protein nqa khoom

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Division ntawm Wyeth Holdings Corporation (Tebchaws USA), Baxter Pharmaceuticals Solutions LLC (Tebchaws Asmeskas), Pfizer Airland Pharmaceuticals (Ireland), NPO Petrovaks Pharm (Russia)

Hloov kho cov lus piav qhia thiab yees duab: 10.26.2018

Cov nqi hauv khw muag tshuaj: los ntawm 1713 rubles.

Prevenar 13 yog koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (pneumococcal polysaccharide sib xyaw nrog tshaj tawm, 13-nqi) rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Tso tawm daim ntawv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Prevenar 13 muaj raws li kev ncua rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular (intramuscular): cov tshuaj dawb nrog cov qauv tsis sib luag (0.5 ml txhua qhov hauv lub khob iav pob tshab tsis muaj xim nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1 ml: hauv ib lub hnab yas 1 koob txhaj tiav nrog 1 rab koob koob, hauv 1 ntim rau ib pob ntawv cardboard, rau cov tsev kho mob - 5 leeg hauv ib lub hnab yas, 2 lub ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntawv cardboard ua tiav nrog 10 rab koob koob, 100 koob txhaj hauv lub hnab yas).

0.5 ml (1 koob) ntawm kev ncua kev kawm muaj:

cov tshuaj nquag: pneumococcal conjugates (polysaccharide - CRM)₁₉₇) - polysaccharide ntawm serotype 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F thiab 23F - 2.2 μg txhua, polysaccharide ntawm serotype 6B - 4.4 μg, CRM cov cab kuj muaj protein ntau₁₉₇ - kwv yees li 32 mcg,
Cov khoom siv pabcuam: polysorbate 80, txhuas phosphate, succinic acid, sodium chloride, dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

Cov chaw muag tshuaj

Prevenar 13 yog ib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm capsular polysaccharides ntawm pneumococcal serotypes: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F thiab 23F. Lawv txhua tus yog tus kheej txuas rau lub diphtheria protein CRM₁₉₇ thiab adsorbed ntawm txhuas phosphate. Tom qab qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv immunomodulatory tshwm sim raws li kev tsim tawm hauv lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau txhua yam ntawm capsular polysaccharides ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae, muab kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv cov mob los ntawm kev suav nrog pneumococcal serotypes.

Prevenar 13 muaj 90% ntawm cov serotypes uas ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob pneumococcal tsis zoo (IPI) uas tiv taus tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txog kev txhaj tshuaj tivthaiv pneumococcal, raws li cov lus pom zoo los ntawm World Health Organization, kev sib txig sib luag ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau txiav txim siab los ntawm peb yam. Thawj qhov kev ntsuas yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv uas lub siab xav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IgG tshwj xeeb tau mus txog lossis siab dua 0.35 μg rau 1 ml. Qhov txheej txheem thib ob yog SGK (geomet txhais qhov tsis txaus) ntawm Ig thiab OFA (opsonophagocytic kev ua haujlwm) ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, qhov twg OFA titer sib npaug los yog tshaj qhov sib piv ntawm 1 txog 8. Tus qauv thib peb yog SGT (geomet txhais titer). Rau cov neeg laus, theem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cov ntsws uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, tsis yog li ntawd, yog li ntawd, kev tshaj tawm txog kev tiv thaiv kabmob OFA (CHT) yog siv.

Thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug uas siv peb koob tshuaj Prevenar 13 rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 hli, nce ntxiv txog theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tag nrho cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raug sau tseg. Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev qhia tsuas yog ob zaug tshuaj rau serotypes 6B thiab 23F, thawj qhov kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tau txiav txim siab hauv feem pua me me ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Hauv qhov no, cim qhov lus teb rov qab rau thim rov qab yog raug sau tseg rau tag nrho cov serotypes. Txog kev tsim lub cim kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev siv peb thiab ob koob rau kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug tau qhia. Hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm xyoo ob ntawm lub neej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob piv rau tag nrho 13 qhov kev tiv thaiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug uas siv peb thiab ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab 8 lub lim tiam ntawm lub neej ntawm cov menyuam yug ua ntej (lub hnub nyoog muaj hnub nyoog txog 37 lub lis piam), suav nrog cov neeg yug los uas muaj hnub nyoog txog li 28 lub lis piam, tom qab ua tiav kev kawm tiav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kabmob ntsws thiab lawv cov RPA, uas tshaj li kev tiv thaiv hauv 87-100% kev txhaj tshuaj cov me nyuam rau tas nrho 13 serotypes.

Koob tshuaj ib zaug ntawm Prevenar rau 13 tus menyuam txij 5 txog 17 xyoo tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau txhaj rau txhua tus kabmob Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Thaum piv nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar, muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, 19A) cov koob tshuaj txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Prevenar 13 ua rau nws cov hauj lwm zoo.

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar (raws li txheej txheem, ob koob tshuaj nyob rau thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab ib qho rov los kho nyob rau xyoo ob ntawm lub neej) nrog 94% ntawm cov menyuam ncav cuag qhov feem ntau ntawm kev kis tus kabmob pneumococcal (IPI) tom qab 4 xyoo nce mus txog 98%. Tom qab hloov mus rau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13, nws muaj qhov nyiam ua kom tsawg ntxiv ntawm IPI. Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, qhov no tshwm sim hauv 76% ntawm tus neeg mob, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5-14 xyoo - hauv 91%. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm IPI tshwm sim los ntawm serotype 5. Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 xyoos thiab qis dua, serotype kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv IPI rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntxiv serotypes 3 thiab 6A thaj tsam li ntawm 68 txog 100%, feem, thiab rau serotypes 1, 7F thiab 19A nws yog 91%.

Qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev cuv npe ntawm IPI tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv 3, thaum siv Prevenar 13, txo qis 68% rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos.

Kev Hloov pauv mus rau Prevenar 13 tom qab kev qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar raws li tus txheej txheem 2 + 1, qhov xwm txheej ntawm otitis media tshwm sim los ntawm serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F thiab serotype 6A raug txo los ntawm 95%, los ntawm serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7F thiab 19A - los ntawm 89%.

Ntxiv rau, nrog qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv cov menyuam yaus los ntawm 1 lub hlis ntawm lub neej mus rau 15 xyoo, qhov txo qis ntawm 16% hauv txhua zaus ntawm txhua tus neeg mob hauv zej zog muaj mob ntsws mob. Cov neeg muaj mob hauv zej zog muaj mob ntsws muaj dej ntau nrog pleural effusion txo los ntawm 53%, mob ntsws - los ntawm 63%. Lub sijhawm xyoo thib ob tom qab qhia txog koob tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg mob hauv zej zog muaj mob ntsws los ntawm kev ntxiv cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg dua li ntawm 74%.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar 13 raws li 2 + 1 lub tswv yim txo cov tsev kho mob ntau dua nrog kev mob ntsws alveolar zej zog muaj kev mob ntsws ntawm qee qhov kev mob siab txog 32% thiab mus ntsib tus kws kho mob sab nraud 68%.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tau pom tias muaj kev hwm rau koob tshuaj txhaj rau nasopharyngeal serotypes.

Kev txo qis ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nyob hauv cov teb chaws uas kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv loj ntawm cov pej xeem tau ua rau ntau dua 3 xyoos hauv kev ua raws li cov qauv tsim. Hauv cov neeg tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv 65 xyoo thiab laus dua, kev kis tus mob pneumococcal tshwm sim 25% tsawg dua, tshwm sim los ntawm serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F - txo los ntawm 89% thiab serotypes 1, 3, 5, 6A, 7A, 19A - los ntawm 64%.

Qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev kis tus mob tshwm sim los ntawm serotype 3 poob qis los ntawm 44%, piv txwv 6A - los ntawm 95%, serotype 19A - los ntawm 65%.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev nyab xeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau qhia rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua, suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal polysaccharide 23-valent (PPV23). Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv tau pom nyob hauv kev sib piv rau 12 qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov paj huam nrog PPV23. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb 6A thiab rau 8 hom kev sib txuam nrog PPV23, muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13 tau pom.

Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog 70 xyoo thiab laus dua tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua 5 xyoos dhau los nrog PPV23, kev rov muab tshuaj nrog Prevenar 13 muab ntau dua cov lus teb rau lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Kev tswj hwm ntawm ob lub koob tshuaj ntawm Prevenar rau 13 cov neeg mob uas muaj mob ntshav tes ntshav ntshav uas muaj hnub nyoog 6 mus txog 18 xyoo nrog ntu 6 lub hlis ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev qhia txog thawj thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tib neeg (HIV) rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tivthaiv pneumococcal ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau hauv IgG qib SGK thiab OFA. Cov lus qhia txog ib lub sijhawm li ntawm 6 lub hlis ntawm koob thib ob thiab zaum thib peb yuav ua kom tiav kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj zog dua li nrog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug.

Hematopoietic qia cell hloov pauv yog txuam nrog qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ua mob ntsws pneumococcal. Yog li, cov neeg mob hnub nyoog laus dua 2 xyoos uas tau tso tshuaj tiv thaiv hemogopoietic qia cell hloov chaw (HSCT), nrog rau kev ua tiav lossis txaus siab ib feem hematologic kev kho nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lymphoma thiab myeloma, tau txhaj tshuaj nrog peb koob ntawm Prevenar 13 nrog rau ncua sij hawm ntawm 1 hlis. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv pib 3-6 lub hlis tom qab HSCT. 6 lub hlis tom qab txhaj koob thib 3, koob tshuaj thib plaub (koob thib plaub) tau txais koob tshuaj tiv thaiv. 1 lub hlis tom qab txhaj koob thib plaub ntawm Prevenar 13, pom zoo muab ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv PPV23.

Kev ntsuas rau siv

Raws li cov lus qhia, Prevenar 13 tau qhia rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 2 hlis thiab laus dua rau kev tiv thaiv tus mob pneumococcal kis mob los ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F thiab 23F, suav nrog cov foos tsis xws luag, xws li mob caj pas, mob ntsws o, mob sepsis, bacteremia, thiab mob tsis kis rau zej zog cov mob ntsws, mob hlab ntsws o.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv lub teb chaws daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau kev kis tus kab mob pneumococcal.

Kev mob siab rau cov neeg mob pneumococcal muaj xws li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (nrog rau tib neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov mob qog nqaij hlav, lub cev thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev tsim cochlear implant (suav nrog kev npaj ua haujlwm), cerebrospinal kua xau, cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv, mob ntsws, raum thiab (lossis) mob siab, mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, mob ntsws asthma, lub sijhawm ua mob hlwb, mob rau daim tawv nqaij o lossis mob ntsws. ii, kev kis mob nrog mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ib qho ntxiv, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus mob pneumococcal yog nce hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, cov neeg mob hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, feem ntau thiab cov menyuam muaj mob ntev, cov menyuam ntxov ntxov, thiab hauv cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg (suav nrog tsev kawm nce tsev, chaw tu menyuam ntsuag, pab pawg tub rog).

Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj

lub sij hawm mob hnyav, tsis kis thiab mob ntev (kom txog thaum rov zoo los yog pib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev zam txim),
kev tsis haum tshuaj loj heev, anaphylactic thiab lwm yam kev tsis haum lub cev nrog kev tswj hwm dhau los ntawm Prevenar 13 lossis Prevenar npaj,
kev tsis qaug rau lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv Prevenara 13: txoj kev thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas

Koj tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tshuaj intravascularly thiab / m hauv thaj chaw gluteal.

Qhov kev ncua yog muab intramuscularly, nyob rau hauv cov menyuam ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej - nyob rau sab saud sab saud ntawm qhov nruab nrab thib peb ntawm tus ncej puab, laus dua 2 xyoos - nyob rau hauv deltoid leeg ntawm lub xub pwg.

Ua ntej siv, cov ntsiab lus hauv cov phwj yuav tsum tau shaken zoo. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj yog tias, thaum kuaj pom qhov pom, qhov kev ncua ntawv muaj ib lub qauv tsis sib xws. Nyob rau hauv qhov muaj ntawm qhov txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm koob txhaj tshuaj Prevenar 13 txwv tsis pub siv.

Ib koob tshuaj rau cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog yog 0.5 ml.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov: yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv pib nrog kev txhaj tshuaj pneumococcal polysaccharide sib txuas nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, 13-koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, ces nws raug nquahu kom ua tiav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tib yam. Yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj pib nrog 7-valent Prevenar txhaj tshuaj, ces nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog Prevenar 13 ntawm txhua ntu ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yog tias qhov sib nrug nruab nrab ntawm kev qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov laj thawj yog nce ntxiv, cov lus qhia ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntxiv ntawm Prevenar 13 tsis tas yuav tsum

Rau kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-6 hlis, kev siv tus txheej txheem 3 + 1 siv: thawj koob tau muab rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2 hlis, tomqab zaum thib ob thiab zaum thib 3 raug muab nrog lub sijhawm tsawg kawg 1 hlis thaum txhaj tshuaj. Kev kho rov qab - ib koob tshuaj ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11-15 hlis.

Thaum ua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj loj rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 2-6 hlis, kev siv tshuaj 2 + 1: 2 koob tshuaj yog siv nrog lub sijhawm tsawg kawg 2 hlis ntawm cov thawj coj. Rov Los Kho - kev txhaj ib koob tshuaj txhaj rau ib tus menyuam hnub nyoog 11-15 hlis.

Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam hnub nyoog 7-11 hlis, kev siv 2 + 1: 2 koob tshuaj yog siv nrog sijhawm tsawg kawg 1 hlis nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm. Kev kho rov qab - ib koob tshuaj ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11-15 hlis.

Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12-23 hlis, kev siv tshuaj 1 + 1: 2 nrog rau ncua sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj xyuas tsawg kawg 2 hlis yog siv.

Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 24 hlis thiab laus dua, siv ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug.

Cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua tau pom tias ib koob tshuaj ib zaug, qhov xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv tsis tau tsim tsa los. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Prevenar 13 thiab PPV23 kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua raws li cov lus qhia tau tsim.

Tom qab hematopoietic qia cell hloov pauv, cov neeg mob tau pom tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj 4 koob ntawm 0.5 ml ntawm Prevenar 13, raws li cov phiaj xwm 3 + 1. Thawj koob tau pom zoo yuav tsum tau txhaj txij li hnub 3 mus rau 6 lub hlis tom qab hloov pauv. Qhov tshuaj ntxiv ob zaug yog muab nrog ib ncua sijhawm hno 1 hlis. Kev kho rov qab - ib koob 6 lub hlis tom qab kev qhia txog ntawm koob thib peb.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej ntawm cov menyuam mos thaum ntxov ua tiav raws li lub phiaj xwm 3 + 1. Thawj koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau txhaj rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2 hlis, tsis hais lub cev hnyav ntawm lub cev. Tom qab ntawd, nrog lub sijhawm nyob ntev 1 lub hlis ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, lwm 2 koob tshuaj Prevenar 13 tau muab rau .Qhov koob thib plaub (koob tshuaj) tau pom zoo kom raug siv rau thaum hnub nyoog 12-15 hlis.

Kev siv Prevenar 13 hauv hnub nyoog laus yog qhia, kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tau paub tseeb rau pawg neeg no.

Sab sij huam

ntau zaus: ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj - liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, o lossis tuab ntawm txoj kab uas hla txog 7 cm, qhov mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus 2-5 xyoos thiab / lossis tom qab rov qab kho mob, mob taub hau, pw tsis tsaug zog, tsaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, ua kom tsis nco qab lossis muaj qhov dav dav. kev mob tshiab hauv cov pob qij txha thiab cov leeg, ua daus no, nkees, ntuav (nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob 18–49 xyoo), hyperthermia, txob taus,
feem ntau: mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm nqaj taw, kub taub hau tshaj 39 ° C, o lossis tuab li ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2.5-7 cm, hyperemia ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj (hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj )), tawm pob, ntuav, raws plab,
nkag: qhov xav tau ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj - liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, o lossis loj dua li ntawm qhov dav ntau dua 7 cm, tus neeg mob tsis haum (khaus, urticaria, dermatitis), xeev siab, ua tsis taus pa (suav nrog ua paug nrog leeg), kua muag,
muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj: kev tsis haum tshuaj nyob rau thaj chaw txhaj tshuaj - lymphadenopathy, tso dej tawm, mob ntawm hypotonic vau, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob siab (nrog rau kev ua pa bronchospasm, ua pa luv, Quincke's edema nrog chaw hauv lub ntsej muag thiab lwm yam hauv nruab nrog cev), anaphylactic lossis anaphylactoid cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (suav nrog kev poob siab),
tsis tshua muaj: thaj av lymphadenopathy, erythema polyforma.

Hauv cov neeg laus yav dhau los tau txhaj tshuaj thiab tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj nrog 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm hauv lub chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb, muab nrog txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev poob siab. Vim tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm anaphylactic tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tsis pub dhau 0.5 teev.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws rau cov menyuam yug ua ntej uas yug los ntawm lub hnub nyoog qis dua 37 lub limtiam yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov menyuam mos hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej, tshwj xeeb nrog kev tsis ua pa ntawm lub pa ua pa. Yog li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua sijhawm sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tsis kam lees. Cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau theem ob ntawm kev saib xyuas mob hauv tsev kho mob hauv kev saib xyuas mob ntawm tus menyuam qhov mob tsis dhau 48 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.Qhov xwm yeem, mob hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj thiab ntau zaus ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam ntxov (nrog rau cov menyuam yug ntxov thiab lub cev hnyav heev) tsis txawv ntawm cov menyuam puv sijhawm.

Nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj nrog Prevenar 13, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev hloov hauv zos hauv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog siab dua rau ntawm cov menyuam ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej.

Ceev faj yog qhia thaum i / m tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntshav coagulation system (suav nrog thrombocytopenia) lossis tus neeg uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv pawg no ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav hemostasis tswj thiab tswj lawv tus mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev tswj fwm subcutaneous ntawm qhov muab tshem tawm yog qhia.

Txog kev tiv thaiv kev kis mob pneumococcal los ntawm serotypes, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis nyob hauv Prevenar 13, siv tsis tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos los ntawm cov pab pawg muaj feem yuav tsum tau ua raws qib hnub nyoog. Yog tias tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau poob qis ntawm qib kev tsim lub cev.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus mob pneumococcal tau pom zoo kom pib nrog 13-koob tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tseem tsis tau tsim muaj koob xav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau nthuav kev pab them nqi ntawm cov kev sib txuam hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, kev tswj hwm tom ntej ntawm PPV23 yog ua tau.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (suav nrog cov neeg mob ntshav ntawm lub ntsws ntshav tsis txaus, asplenia, kis tus kabmob HIV, tiv thaiv kabmob tsis muaj zog, mob ntsws ntev) tom qab Prevenar 13 tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tswj hwm PPV23 tom qab 2 lub hlis.

Cov neeg mob uas twb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv PPV23 (ib lossis ntau dua li tau noj lawm) tej zaum yuav tau txais tsawg kawg yog ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv 13-valent.

Hauv Lavxias Lavxias, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar 13 yog pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, suav nrog rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo. Raws li kev hloov kho, cov lus qhia ntawm PPV23 muaj peev xwm ua tau tom qab 2 hlis.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem nyob ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub txog 25 ° C rau 4 hnub (hauv lub sijhawm tas sij hawm). Cov ntaub ntawv no tau sib txuas lus kom txiav txim siab txog kev siv tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm kub hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia lossis kev thauj mus los. Kev thauj mus los tuaj yeem nqa ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2-25 ° C rau tsis pub tshaj 5 hnub.

Yeeb tshuaj sib cuam tshuam

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm Prevenar 13 thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob pneumococcal conjugate. Thaum txhaj tshuaj nrog Prevenar 13, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txhij nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tso cai yog tias lawv raug coj los siv rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev.

Hauv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 2 hlis txog 5 xyoos, Prevenar 13 tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj nyob rau daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv lawv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, kab mob ntsws (BCG). Ib txhij tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigens uas yog ib feem ntawm monovalent thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw, xws li mob kab xeb, mob qa foob, mob pub dawb lossis tag nrho cov mob hnoos qeev, tus mob polio antigens, Haemophilus influenzae antigens (hom b), kab mob siab A lossis B, mob pob, mob qhua pias, rubella, rubella, rubella, qoob qhua qaib kev kis mob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm Prevenar 13 thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi.

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov tsis haum xeeb (suav nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev ua txhaum rau leeg quav), zoo li thaum muab tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos qhuav rau lub cev tag nrho, yog cov muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj febrile. Lawv yuav tsum pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb.

Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev yuav siv tau Prevenar 13 nyob rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 6-17 xyoo nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv mob meningococcal, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tib neeg kab mob papillomavirus, zuam-borne encephalitis, kab mob tetanus, mob qa foob thiab mob hnoos qhuav.

Hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo thiab laus dua, 13-koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv nrog 3-qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob ua npaws tiv thaiv kev mob ua npaws (DVT). Hauv qhov no, qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis raug rau DVT txhaj tshuaj tsis hloov, thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog rau Prevenar 13 txo qis.

Cov lus piv txwv ntawm Prevenar 13 yog Pneumo 23, Prevenar.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Pharmacological

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13 yog kev ncua uas muaj polysaccharides cais tawm ntawm ntau hom streptococcus. Tus yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txig sib xyaw yog qhov ua tau rau thov rau menyuam yaus, thiab los ntawm thawj lub hli tom qab yug.

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub hlis thib ob ntawm lub neej, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, menyuam mos los ua kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob streptococcal. Kev siv ntau hom kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm kev tiv thaiv nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv serotypes.

Qhov ua tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hauv kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kabmob yog li nram qab no:

Thaum ua kev tiv thaiv prophylaxis tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis (hauv Asmeskas) uas muaj pneumococcal xwm, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshwm sim hauv 97% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Nrog prophylaxis tiv thaiv cov kab mob hom mob ntsws, qhov ua rau uas yog serotypes ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae, zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj ntau dua li 87%.
Kev siv tshuaj ntawm cov menyuam yaus li ntawm ob lub hlis txog rau lub hlis thiab txij 12 txog 15 hlis nrog qhov nruab nrab otitis media hauv cov mob hnyav uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntsws pneumococci yog 54%.

Ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar 13, tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam mob tau poob qis. Thiab cov raug mob cais tshwj xeeb thaum tus kab mob tseem tswj tau kev tsim, nws tau taug kev yooj yim, teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob thiab tsis nrog kev mob hnyav.

Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso cai rau kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob kis vim nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas suav nrog:

polysaccharides
muaj protein ntau
sodium tshuaj dawb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm saline,
succinic acid
polysorbates.

Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab Pfizer. Qhov no yog lub chaw muag tshuaj dav dav nrog nws cov ceg ntoo hauv ntau lub tebchaws Europe. Ib qho yeeb tshuaj tsis suav hais tias yog qhov cuav, uas lub teb chaws tsim khoom siv ntawm Lavxias lossis Ireland tuaj yeem qhia.

Txoj kev ntawm kev coj ua

Prevenar 13 rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim hauv cov tub ntxhais ib leeg siv cov raj ntxig.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv los txhaj tshuaj rau hauv plab, thiab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim rau sab nrau ntawm tus ncej, ze ze nws sab pem hauv ntej. Rau ib tus menyuam tom qab ob xyoos, deltoid cov leeg ntawm lub xub pwg yog xaiv ua qhov chaw rau kev tswj hwm tshuaj.

Ua ntej yuav muab cov ntawv xaum nqus nrog lub emulsion, koj yuav tsum tau co nws zoo kom tau txais homogeneous muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus txawv teb chaws pom nyob rau hauv cov phwj tshuaj lossis yog tias cov tsos ntawm emulsion tsis phim rau cov qauv npaj tseg, cov ntsiab lus tsis siv.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev txhaj tshuaj nkaus xwb. Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb qhov kev coj ua ntawm tus txheej txheem, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ntej txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm kev taw qhia thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev ua qhov txheej txheem.

Cov chaw tsim khoom txwv tsis pub txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv pob tw, hlab ntsha, thiab tsis pom zoo siv qhov kev siv tshuaj rau hauv qhov tawv nqaij.

Cov koob txhaj tshuaj yog nruab nrog rab koob ntawm qhov ntev. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum qhia txhua rab koob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij.

Qhov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dab tsi?

Ntau tus niam txiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj ntau ntawm cov pej xeem, muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsis pom qhov kis ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws. Xa mus rau qhov tseeb tias lawv noj zaub mov zoo, nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis txhob tiv tauj cov neeg mob thiab cov kab mob zoo li no tsis hem lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj ntawm Prevenar 13 txhaj tshuaj xwb; nws ua tau zoo heev los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob pneumococcal.

Tus kab mob pneumococcus yog nyob rau lub genus ntawm streptococci, tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kab mob txaus ntshai:

mob ntsws, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ua inflamed nrog kev kis ntawm tus txheej txheem inflammatory rau alveoli,
otitis media hauv cov ntawv mob,
kev txhim kho ntawm tus mob txha caj qaum,
endocarditis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm o ntawm lub sab hauv lub plawv daim nyias nyias,
pleurisy nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub superficial membrane ntawm lub ntsws,
mob caj dab.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev kis mob pneumococcal ua rau mob hnyav tom qab ib qho mob. Muaj qee kis, kev mob ntsws pneumococcal yog kev rau txim los ntawm kev kis tus mob khaub thuas lossis SARS. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov kab mob me me no uas feem ntau ua haujlwm dhau los ua ib qho kev mob ntsws uas ua mob txha caj qaum los yog otitis media, uas cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg hauv daim ntawv mob.

Hom sij hawm rau kev txhaj tshuaj

Cov lus qhia txuas nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ntau hom sijhawm rau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem nce raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

Lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog coj mus rau hauv tus lej.
Qhov xav tau rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias menyuam yaus loj dua tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau dhau los ua ntau yam mob streptococcal.
Los ntawm cov ntsuas muaj, raws li qee pab pawg ntawm tib neeg, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tsim nyog, hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm rau pathologies, qhov ua rau yog pneumococci.

Txhua ntawm cov caij nyoog txhaj tshuaj nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, uas, txawm hais tias tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim hais txog lawv:

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob txog rau rau lub hlis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais kev saib xyuas raws li nram no: siv lub sijhawm 3 zaug tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj, saib kev cuam tshuam ntawm tsawg kawg ib hlis. Nws raug tso cai nyob rau ntau qhov laj thawj uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug, tab sis tom qab ntawd nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog yim lub hlis. Kev kho dua yog nqa tawm ntawm 11 mus rau 15 hlis.
Yog tias tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob nruab nrab ntawm xya thiab kaum lub hlis, tom qab ntawv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raug ua ob zaug nrog so ib hlis. Kev kho mob rov qab yog nqa tawm ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob.
Tom qab nce mus txog ib xyoos thiab mus txog 23 xyoo suav nrog, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog txhaj 2 zaug xwb, thiab zaum ob - tsis ntxov tshaj ob hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj.
Tom qab ob xyoos, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas muab ib zaug nkaus xwb. Nov yog daim foos yooj yim tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mus ncig txawv teb chaws, rau cov neeg uas pib mus kawm preschool lossis mus kawm ntawv.

Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm qhov kev xav tsis haum ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ib daim phiaj iodine tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub cev. Raws li txoj cai, qhov mob thiab tsis xis nyob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ploj tsis muaj kab rau hnub tom qab.

Qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj

Thaum qhia kev txhaj tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qee qhov xwm txheej uas txiav txim siab qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov tsis muaj tshwm sim.

Cov no muaj xws li:

Ua ntej cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej thiab sai li sai tau tom qab nws yuav tsum raug zam kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg mob. Txij li tom qab qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cev, qhov kev txo qis ntawm kev tiv thaiv tseem muaj nyob rau qee lub sijhawm, kev muaj tus kabmob ua tiav nrog tus kabmob lossis lwm tus kabmob kis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov teebmeem.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tus me nyuam tuaj yeem qhia cov khoom noj tshiab tshiab tsis pub dhau ob mus rau peb lub lis piam tom qab. Nws tau sau tseg tias kev tsis haum tshuaj yog feem ntau ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo rau tus menyuam, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tswj hwm.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej lub hnub so, uas yuav cia koj mus pw hauv tsev (nyob rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav), thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv tauj nrog cov neeg mob.
Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob tawm hauv lub tsev kho mob tom qab muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tsawg kawg ib nrab ib teev. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev pabcuam khomob sai sai yog muaj tshwm sim.
Tsis txhob ntshai da dej, tsuas yog lub dab da dej tsis pom zoo, qhov twg muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob. Yog tias muaj lub sijhawm zoo li ntawd, nws zoo dua tsis txhob ntub qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj thaum nruab hnub.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj rau tus menyuam, koj tuaj yeem taug kev nrog nws hauv huab cua ntshiab, hla kev ntawm tej chaw muaj neeg coob thiab muaj kab ntau ntawm kev tsheb khiav ceev.

Yog tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem pom lub cev, nrog rau kev txo qis kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog rau cov kab mob ntsws.

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov xwm txheej faib tawm los ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj

Prevenar 13 tuaj yeem nqus tau ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj; ntim uas muaj ib lub raj syringe xa mus rau cov pej xeem tsuas yog daim ntawv yuav tshuaj. Nrog lub pob ntawm kaum koob txhaj tshuaj, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj, nws yuav tsis raug muag hauv khw muag tshuaj, txawm tias muaj ntawv sau los ntawm kws kho mob. Cov kev ntim khoom zoo li no yog npaj rau cov chaw kho mob thiab xa mus rau cov tsev kho mob.

Tus nqi nruab nrab hauv cov khw muag tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib pob uas muaj ib koob txhaj tshuaj ntawm Prevenar 13 nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm 0.5 ml yog qhov muaj nqi siab thiab tuaj yeem yog 1860 rubles lossis ntau dua. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau piav qhia los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob.

Cov yam ntxwv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13 muaj cov pneumococcal conjugates (kab mob serotypes) hauv txhua koob tshuaj. Cov organic sib txuas yog cov lwg me me ntawm cov keeb kwm dag thiab yog polysaccharides los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj txhaj muaj sia. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom npau taws tsim cov kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kua muaj xws li polysaccharide serotypes 1-7, 9, 14, 19, 23, thiab raws li oligosaccharide serotype 18 thiab diphtheria carrier protein.

Raws li ib feem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj ob peb ntxiv cov khoom siv uas saib xyuas nws txoj kev ruaj khov thiab txuag lub sijhawm ntev:

ntsev ntsev kua txhuas txhuas ntsev,
dibasic carboxylic acid,
sodium tshuaj dawb
polysorbate emulsifier,
dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj no yog tsim hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas los ntawm lub tuam txhab muaj npe hu ua Pfeiffer, thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam tseem nyob hauv lwm lub teb chaws (Russia, Ireland). Hauv kev tshwm sim, Prevenar 13 yog qhov kev tshem tawm dawb muab tso rau hauv 1.0 ml uas siv ib rab koob iav. Txhua koob txhaj tshuaj muaj ib qho koob tshuaj ntawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem hauv cov nyiaj ntawm 0.5 ml ntawm kev ncua. Ib rab koob siv ib zaug thiab cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov tshuaj txuas rau nws.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua kua muaj ib qho zoo sib xws. Qee zaum cov dej nag lossis daus dawb yuav tshwm hauv nws. Cov kev hloov pauv no suav tias yog ib txwm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib rab koob nrog daws thiab ib rab koob rau ib koob. Tsawg tsawg zaus, tsib zaug txhaj koob ntawm kev ncua raug muab tso rau hauv pob.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dab tsi?

Coob tus niam txiv tau ntseeg yuam kev tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar 13 tiv thaiv tus menyuam tsuas yog mob ntsws. Tab sis tiv thaiv kev kis mob ntawm lub ntsws cov kab mob tsis yog tib qho kev mob tshwm sim rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Ua ntej, Prevenar 13 txhaj tshuaj ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal. Qhov no ntau ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob loj:

mob ntsws nrog kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem alveolar txhim kho los ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae,
kev kis mob ntawm cov pleural ntawv npog lub ntsws nrog kev tsim exudative pleurisy,
mob rau daim npluag qhwv
mob khaub thuas purulent otitis media ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg,
cov leeg mob (mob ib qho thiab ntau cov leeg mob ntawm cov me me thiab cov pob txha loj ntawm ntau qhov chaw),
endocardial o (txheej txheej sab hauv ntawm lub plawv) nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub plawv nres.

Hauv cov menyuam mos, kev kis tus mob nrog tus mob Streptococcus pneumoniae feem ntau yog cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog thawj cov kab mob. Yog kuaj tau rau cov menyuam mosliab nyuam qhuav mob hnoos qeev. Pneumococci feem ntau koom nrog exacerbations ntawm mob ntsws ntev.Cov kab mob tuaj yeem tawm hauv cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov neeg mob uas mob ntsws hawb pob lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm tsob ntoo bronchial. Otolaryngologist tswj tau ua pov thawj tias kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom ntawm pneumococcal tom qab rhinitis yog suav tias yog tus mob otitis ntau dua.

Cov kab mob pneumococcal keeb kwm yog mob hnyav rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib txog rau xyoo. Txij ntawm no, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar thiab tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev mob ntsws pneumococci hauv tus menyuam. Kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug yog pom zoo rau menyuam mos. Xws li kev tiv thaiv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus menyuam txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tuag taus.

Kev Qhia txog Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Cov lus qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13 yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, lub hom phiaj txhawm rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal uas muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov virulence. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 0 txog 5 xyoo. Hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov laus dua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug siv vim nws ua tsis tau zoo.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, los ntawm 13 serotypes ntawm pneumococcus, nws raug nquahu kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus los ntawm cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab:

ua ntej yug menyuam
cov menyuam nyuam qhuav hloov mus ua khoom noj khoom haus,
menyuam mos tom qab yug menyuam,
cov menyuam mos ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej thiab menyuam yaus tom qab ib xyoos nrog cov cim ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb,
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus
cov menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj kev txom nyem los ntawm SARS thiab mob khaub thuas,
cov menyuam mosliab mob es kuaj pom tus mob huam.

Cov kws kho mob me nyuam qhia Prevenar txhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yog tias nws nquag muaj ARI, kab mob otitis lossis mob ntsws. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no tsis tau lees tias muaj pneumococcal flora hauv lub cev. Yog li, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis nrawm. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum pib nrog cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li tau npaj tseg tom qab kuaj xyuas tus menyuam thiab nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob.

Kev kuaj tshuaj inoculation plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev tsis muaj zog txaus. Tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus yuav tsum kawm cov ntaub ntawv anamnestic ntawm tus menyuam thiab txiav txim siab yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab npaum li cas tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws. Piv txwv, hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txhaj tshuaj los yog mob yug me nyuam, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj yuav tsis muaj zog thiab tsis txaus los tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tag nrho rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob pneumococcal.

Rau cov neeg laus, Prevenar 13 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug pom zoo vim nws cov hauj lwm zoo tsawg. Tab sis muaj cov kev xaiv rau kev kuaj mob thaum koj yuav tsum tsis kam tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov pab pawg uas muaj kev phom sij siab suav nrog qee pawg ntawm cov pejxeem:

cov neeg laus tom qab 65 xyoo,
HIV kis ntawm txhua tus hnub nyoog,
cov neeg mob uas decompensated daim siab pathologies, txoj kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm endocrine pathologies, mob hnyav ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab lub plawv mob,
cov neeg kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ntshav
cov neeg uas pheej nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus nrog cov neeg coob coob ntawm lwm tus neeg,
cov neeg kho mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej tswj xyuas txoj kev daws teeb meem, nws raug pom zoo tias tus neeg tau kuaj thiab mus ntsib tus neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los txiav txim siab qhov taw qhia thiab kev sib kis rau kev txhaj tshuaj Prevenar.

Thaum twg thiaj yog qhov zoo dua rau nws tsis kam Prevenar?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar muaj npe nrov rau qee tus me me ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum raug tso tseg rau cov neeg mob nrog qee qhov kev xav:

tus kheej tsis kam txais rau ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Prevenar,
muaj nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua xua tom qab kev ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm Prevenar 13 kev daws teeb meem,
Cov kab mob thaum yau xws li qhua taum qhua, qhua pias lossis ua npaws liab txog ntua rau thaum pom tsos mob tshwm sim,
qhov nce hauv tag nrho lub cev qhov kub ntawm menyuam yaus tawm tsam ARVI lossis tus kabmob khaub thuas,
ua npaws tsis paub meej etiology,
kev kis tus kab mob rau hauv plab,
tib neeg tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HIV (HIV),
exacerbation ntawm tej kab mob ntev.

Ua ntej txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog qhov tseeb uas qhia tus menyuam rau tus kws tshaj lij kis kabmob. Tsis txhob maj mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov niam txiv ntawm tus menyuam uas lawv cov hniav raug txiav, dysbiosis lossis kev ntxhov siab yog pom tshwm. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txo qis ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev tswj hwm ntawm Previnar kev ncua. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob pathogens tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab saib mob thiab ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem.

Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov lus qhia tau qhia tias Qhov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Prevenar yuav tsum raug saib xyuas hauv chaw kho mob lossis hauv chav kho mob ntiag tug uas muaj kev tso cai ua qhov kev kho mob zoo sib xws. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13, uas yog faib rau hauv cov khw muag tshuaj hauv ntim ntim hermetic.

Co zoo ua ntej muab cov tshuaj los tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsws pneumococcal kom tshem tau cov neeg mus ua pa. Nws yog txwv tsis pub txhawm rau txhawm rau dhau lub sijhawm Prevenar 13, nrog rau cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nrog Prevenar, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov tshuaj noj uas muaj hnub nyoog.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cov qhov tsis sib thooj yog qhov tsim nyog siv rau peb xyoos tom qab nws tsim khoom. Tshaj tawm cov tshuaj rau hauv tub yees ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2 txog 8 0 C. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los thov rau kev yuav Prevenar ntawm cov chaw uas tau hais los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Cov cai ntawm kev taw qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar tau muab rau cov tshuaj intramuscularly. Nyob ntawm cov tsos mob thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam, txoj kev daws teeb meem tau muab rau ntau qhov chaw. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 24 hli raug pom zoo kom tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov chaw nrog qhov ua kom me tshaj plaws ntawm cov leeg hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos adipose. Qhov no txwv tsis pub tawm qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm grafting kua dej. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hnub nyoog no yog sab caj pas anterolateral. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog dhau 2 xyoos, qhov kev daws teeb meem yog txhaj rau hauv cov nqaij deltoid uas nyob hauv thaj chaw xwb pwg.

Tshuaj tivthaiv pneumococcal qee zaum txhaj koom nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob hnoos hawbpob. Yog tias nws tsim nyog los tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm ntau cov kab mob hauv ib zaug, tom qab ntawd ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob rau cov ntsiab lus prophylactic. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qhov nce hauv kub hauv menyuam thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hyperthermic.

Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj rau hauv lub pob tw. Tshwj xeeb, nws pob zeb me tshaj cov menyuam yaus. Poj niam lub siab yog qhov muaj pheej hmoo loj los tsim kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog kev mob tshwm sim thaum txhaj tshuaj sciatic hlab ntsha Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tso cai muab tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg cev.

Cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev txhaj tshuaj Prevenar yog tau ua los ntawm ntau theem. Lub sijhawm thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Raws li feem ntau lees txais cov cai, cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog 60 hnub yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, soj ntsuam cov qauv hauv qab no:

rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 2-6 hlis, thawj peb koob txhaj tshuaj txhua hli (lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsawg kawg 30 hnub), thiab kev rov muab tshuaj kho nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam li 15 hlis,
cov menyuam mos tom qab rau lub hlis thiab mus txog rau ib xyoos raug pom zoo kom tau txais qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv peb zaug raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thawj thiab zaum thib ob yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ib hlis, thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib 3 yog ua nyob rau 24 hlis,
rau cov menyuam mos txij li ib mus txog ob xyoos nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug, kev qhia ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ob zaug yog txaus. Hauv qhov no, kev rov kho dua yog ua tiav tsis dhau hnub tom qab 8 lub lim tiam,
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar feem ntau raug txhaj ib zaug rau cov koob tshuaj rau tus menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntxov kawm (2 txog 5).

Cov kws kho mob tsis nce sijhawm ntau npaum li cas ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog tias ncua sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm qhov txhaj tshuaj tau ncua vim tias menyuam mos muaj mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua intramuscularly. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ob xyoos Tau Txais Prevenar 13 hauv cheeb tsam hauv qab ncej puab. Cov menyuam yaus txij thaum ob mus txog tsib xyoos raug txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg nqaij. Yog tias tus menyuam cov ntshav txhaws ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tom qab ntawd lawv tsis lees qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab muab tso rau hauv qab no.

Yog tias txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar, ces kev rov muab tshuaj yog ua nrog cov tshuaj hauv kev sib tham xwb. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev kis mob pneumococcal yuav tsis txhim kho qhov ntau. Thaum pib txhaj tshuaj nrog Prevenar lossis Prevenar 7, yog tias tsim nyog, txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov nrog Prevenar-13 raug kuaj. Qhov no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua kom muaj zog hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav.

Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog 0.5 milliliters ntawm kev daws. Rau cov menyuam yaus nrog lub hnub nyoog, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj tsis hloov, vim nws yog ib txwm tas mus li. Txhua koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv prophylactic muab ntim nrog hauv cov koob txhaj tshuaj uas tau npaj rau kev siv ib zaug. Nws tsis tas yuav hloov qhov tshuaj ntawm cov kua rau lwm lub ntim ua ntej siv. Nws yog txhaj rau hauv lub cev ncaj qha los ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj.

Tom qab ua tiav txoj kev, tus me nyuam yuav tsum nyob twj ywm kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob rau lwm 30 feeb. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom sai li sai tau ntawm kev tawm tsam sai (anaphylaxis, angioedema) thiab hauv qhov no, kev pab kho mob kom pab cawm tau neeg txoj sia. Cov menyuam yug ua ntej yuav tsum raug saib xyuas li peb hnub vim yog txoj kev pheej hmoo ua pa ntawm tus menyuam (ua pa ua pa). Tsis muaj menyuam yaus pom tias lawv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dhau los tsis muaj teebmeem dabtsi.

Npaj rau qhov txheej txheem

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb ua ntej tswjhwm. Nws yog ua thaum lub sijhawm niam txiv hu rau tus menyuam, yog tias tom kawg tsis muaj contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Ua ntej kev ntxias, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxaws txog tus neeg mob. Nws ntsuas nws qhov kub thiab txias, tsis suav nrog muaj cov xwm txheej catarrhal. Tom qab no, tus menyuam mus rau hauv chav tswj xyuas, qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Qee zaum nws raug nquahu kom kuaj ntshav dav dav ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov cim ntawm latent (asymptomatic) o. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua Prevenar 13 yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ua xua. Ua ntej siv nws rau peb hnub, tus menyuam tau muab tshuaj antihistamine raws li kws kho mob hais.

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau zoo zam txim los ntawm cov neeg mob. Tab sis yeej ib txwm zam ntawm txoj cai. Muaj qee kis, kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua lub laj thawj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm atypical kev tsis haum, kev txhim kho uas yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum paub txog qhov twg tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov kev coj ua ib txwm muaj thiab uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab.

Yuav ua li cas paub txog cov nyom tshwm sim?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar yog cov kab mob niaj hnub ua los ntawm cov kab mob me me ntawm cov kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae series. Nrog nws cov kev pab, lub cev tswj kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau txhua yam kev kis mob pneumococcal. Cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws yog ntau yam kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, kev qhia txog kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav luag ib txwm muaj los ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, ob leeg txoj hauv kev thiab tso cai.

Cov kev yuav txais tau nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj xws li:

me me liab tshwm ntawm thaj chaw txhaj tshuaj
cov ntaub so ntswg mos ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj,
nce nyob rau hauv kub qhov tseem ceeb tsis ntau tshaj 37.6 0 C,
nkees thiab tsis mob siab rau ib hnub,
luv-ncua sij hawm poob ntawm qab los tom qab kev tswj hwm,
no ua daus no los cuam tshuam nrog hyperthermia,
nyob tsis tswm thiab so kua muag.

Tag nrho cov tsos mob no ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ob peb teev. Lawv tsis tas yuav muaj kev kho mob thiab tsis yog ib qho ua rau tib neeg txhawj xeeb txog ntawm cov neeg laus. Lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas tus menyuam. Muab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau nws kom nyob zoo. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog lwm tus menyuam, siv sijhawm me ntsis hauv qhov chaw zoo nyob rau hauv huab cua ntshiab, thiab tswj hwm qhov kub ntawm lub cev.

Feem ntau, mob ncig, mob hlwb, nrog rau lub plab zom mov ntawm cov menyuam tau txais kev hno. Ntawm qhov tsis haum ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13, tej zaum yuav muaj cov kab mob zoo li no:

qhov kub nce mus txog 39 0 C, thaum tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen),
txob taus thiab los kua muag tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog kev pab ntawm sedatives rau ntawm lub ntuj, npaj siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob,
thaum muaj qhov mob me me nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom ntub qhov chaw nrog tshuaj pleev nrog lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv kev mob xws li Traumeel, Troxivazin,
nrog kev xeev siab nrog ntuav nrog tej ntuav, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau muab adsorbents,
Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kho mob infiltrative densification ntau dua 7 cm ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj uas nqus tau.

Ntau zaus, cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum lub caij txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj. Thaum lawv tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yig nrog lub sijhawm thiab hu kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Qhov tsis muaj lus teb rau cov neeg laus nrog cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm pathological hloov mus rau qhov kev mob tshwm sim tiag thiab xaus nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Teeb meem

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj feem ntau ntxim yuav muaj qhov tsis haum lub cev. Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau txhim kho vim yog kev qhia ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm hauv cov lus qhia. Tsis tas li, lwm qhov kev rau txim tsis zoo rau ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas pom qhov tsis hnov mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj kab mob ntev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob streptococcus pneumoniae hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem ua rau cov txim hauv qab no:

hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos, qee zaum qee qhov tau npaj siab lossis txhawm tau chua leeg,
kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau ua rau kub ib ce nrog intoxication syndrome, zoo ib yam li thawj cov tsos mob khaub thuas, los sis mob khaub thuas,
sai hyperreaction nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm anaphylactic kev poob siab, Quincke's edema, nrog rau cov ua xua hauv zos nrog khaus thiab tawm pob nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev,
qhov tsim ntawm qog ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab, mob thiab o nrawm dua.

Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas ntawm kev xav tsis pom dhau li

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Prevenar, nws raug nquahu tias ib nrab teev ntxiv yuav tsum nyob hauv phab ntsa ntawm chaw kho mob thiaj li tsis nco lub sijhawm ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm pathological kev tshwm sim ntawm tus txheej txheem. Tom ntej no, cov kws kho mob hais kom tswj hwm lub tsev kom noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pob zeb ntoo. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntsib nrog kev sib tham nrog kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tus menyuam tus mob hnyav zuj zus, koj yuav tsum hu kws kho mob tam sim ntawd mus rau tom tsev.

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov kev cai dav dav uas siv rau txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj:

qee cov kev txwv dej cov txheej txheem (tsuas yog nqais luv tso cai xwb),
Tsis kam qhia cov khoom tshiab rau hauv tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus ib lub lim tiam ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ib lub lis piam tom qab Prevenar 13,
siv tshuaj tiv thaiv mob ua npaws,
kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hypersensitive yog qhov taw qhia rau kev teem caij ntawm tshuaj antihistamine ntau npaum,
peb hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj, koj tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib cov chav muaj neeg coob coob thiab qhov chaw sib tiv tauj nrog cov neeg tuaj yeem kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim,
nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv sijhawm ntawm txoj kev, tab sis tsis txhob ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog kom mus rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev.

Lub chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob npog lossis ntub nrog cov tshuaj antiseptic. Nws yog txwv tsis pub nqa tawm cov kev coj ua hauv qab no nrog nws:

kho nrog kev daws teeb meem cawv, poov tshuaj permanganate, cov khoom ntsuab thiab cov zoo li,
thov siv tshuaj pleev, tshuaj ntsuab kom sov, kev hnav khaub ncaws ua kom sov rau Prevenar 13 nthuav tawm thaj chaw,
npog cov qhov txhab nrog plaster lossis gauze hnav khaub ncaws.

Lub cev muaj peev xwm tsim kev ywj pheej tsim cov kev xav kom tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yam tsis tsim nyog.Yog li, txhua qhov kev ua los txhawb cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm ib txwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no lossis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Nws zoo dua yog tias cov niam txiv yuav mloog txhua cov lus qhia ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab soj ntsuam cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav muaj kev ntseeg siab rau kev tsim kev tiv thaiv kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Hloov Chaw Siv Tshuaj Prevenar

Yog tias tsim nyog, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Prevenar 13 nrog ib qho ntawm nws cov analogues. Cov tshuaj no tsis zoo rau nws hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab txhawb kev muaj lub cev zoo sib xws. Cov tshuaj yuav nrov tshaj plaws yog:

Pneumo-23 yog koob tshuaj Fabkis zoo uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau yam kabmob ntawm pneumococcal etiology. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov koob txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txuas nrog DTP thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob polio. Pneumo-23 yog qhov kev xaiv tiv thaiv rau menyuam yaus raug mob hyperglycemia. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab thiab muaj peev xwm siv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog peb xyoos.
Sinflorix yog ib cov tshuaj hauv nruab nrog uas muaj 10 serotypes. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tso cai muab los ntawm 1.5 hli. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib-siv vial nrog koob tshuaj rau ib txheej txheem. Lub sij hawm thaum txhaj tshuaj los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob pneumococcal yuav tsum yog ib hlis.
Pneumovax 23 - qhia rau siv rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab 2 hlis. Xws li 23 serotypes ntawm ib tus neeg kis tus kab mob. Lub ntsiab cuam tshuam yog qhov loj ntawm qhov muaj teeb meem.