Cia ntawm cov khoom siv qhob cij thiab bakery > Noj qab zib rau cov ntshav qab zib

Lub khob cij yog cov khoom lag luam lub sijhawm luv luv. Lub sijhawm rau muag cov ncuav los ntawm rye thiab rye-nplej hmoov nplej yog 36 teev, los ntawm cov nplej - 24 teev, cov khoom lag luam me uas hnyav dua 200 g - 16 teev. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov mov ci tau suav los ntawm lub sijhawm lawv tawm ntawm qhov cub. Cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub khob cij yog cia rau qhov kub li 20-25 ° C thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm txheeb ze ntawm 75%.

Cov chaw cia rau lub khob cij yuav tsum tau qhuav, huv, muaj qhov cua, nrog cua kub thiab cua sov sib xyaw. Txhua pawg ntawm cov khoom ci bakery raug xa mus rau lub chaw faib xa tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia hnub thiab sijhawm tawm ntawm qhov cub.

Thaum muab cia rau hauv lub khob cij, cov txheej txheem tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam nws loj thiab zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob txoj hauv kev yog ib txhij thiab ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg: ziab - ya raws thiab ua tub sab.

Kom qhuav tawm - ib qho txo qis hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov khob cij vim tias ua haujlwm ntawm evaporation ntawm cov dej nqus thiab cov tshuaj tawg paj. Nws pib tam sim ntawd tom qab cov khoom tawm ntawm qhov cub. Thaum lub khob cij txias rau chav sov,

cov txheej txheem ziab yog cov feem ntau khaus, cov khoom loj ntawm cov khoom poob qis li 2-4% piv nrog qhov loj ntawm cov khob cij kub. Kev ua pa tawm tsis so nyob rau lub sijhawm no yuav txo qhov kev poob phaus. Tom qab txias lub khob cij, qhuav yuav siv qhov chaw nrawm, tab sis qhov cua ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm no nce qhov poob. Qhov ntau dua qhov pib qhov ntau ntawm cov dej noo hauv lub khob cij, ntau zog nws poob nws. Cov khob cij tsim dries sai dua qhov sib xws, vim nws muaj ntau noo noo. Cov ntawv me me poob ya raws ntau dua.

Tus Txiv Neej qhob cij thaum cia - cov txheej txheem lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem colloidal, txuam nrog feem ntau ntawm cov laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Thawj cov cim ntawm staling tshwm 10-12 teev tom qab ci ncuav. Cov ncuav ci tseem muaj lub ntsej muag muag, thaum lub khob cij tshiab muaj qhov nkig, du, thiab ci. Hauv stale qhob cij, pob tsuas yog khov kho, pob zeb tawv, tsis huv. Thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, saj thiab tsw qab ntawm cov mov hloov ib txhij nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tawg, qee cov tshuaj tsw qab yuav ploj thiab rhuav tshem, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb saj thiab tsw qab ntawm stale, mov ci pom.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm staling coj qhov chaw nyob hauv crumb. Hauv cov mov ci tshiab, cov hmoov txhuv nplej tshiab nplej muaj nyob hauv lub xeev amorphous. Thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog thim rov qab, i.e., kev hloov pauv ib nrab ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej los ntawm amorphous mus rau crystalline xeev tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm cov ceg ntawm amylopectin thiab amylose lwg me me tau txuas nrog hydrogen bonds raws hydroxyl pawg ntawm qabzib cov seem. Hauv qhov no, cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau sib xyaw, qhov ntim ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej nplej tsawg dua, cov kab nrib pleev tshwm ntawm cov protein thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw huab cua feem ntau yog suav hais tias yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub pob zeb ntais stale. Rye cij yog stale ntau qeeb qeeb, vim nws muaj cov roj soluble thiab insoluble pentosans, enveloping amylopectin thiab amylose thiab maj mam ua rau qhov rov qab-gradation ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Qee qhov noo noo tau nqus los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thaum gelatinization thaum ci. Qhov dej noo no yog nrog tuav ib qho los ntawm crumb, thiab qee qhov softens lub zuaj. Thaum lub khob cij yog qis, qhov muaj zog hydrophilic ntawm qhov hloov pauv, i.e., lub peev xwm yws thiab nqus dej poob qis vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv protein. Cov protein ntau ntau hauv lub khob cij, cov txheej txheem qeeb dua ntawm cov tawv nqaij. Tab sis txij li cov protein nyob hauv lub khob cij yog 5-6 zaug tsawg dua thiab qhov hloov pauv hauv nws yog 4-6 zaug tsawg dua piv rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem staling.

Txhua yam ntxiv thiab yam ntxiv uas ua rau qhov ntim ntau ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv ua rau kom muaj kev txuag ntev ntev. Piv txwv li, kev cai ntawm daim ntawv qhia (kev qhia ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv - tsiaj thiab tsiaj cov nqaijrog, nqaijrog, emulsifiers, kua thiab hmoov nplej), cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua rau cov txheej txheem ua kom qeeb qeeb.

Cov txheej txheem ua tsis haum yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom cia: qhov kub, ntim khoom.

Kev ua txhaum yog qhov nyuaj tshaj rau cov kub ntawm –2 txog 20 ° C. Thaum kub txog 60 txog 90 ° C, kev ua txhaum mob tshwm sim qeeb heev, yuav luag pom tsis tau, thiab qhov kub txog 190 ° C nws nres tag nrho. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub qis dua –2 ° C, staling qeeb dua, thiab qis dua -10 ° C xyaum tu tsis tseg.Yog li, ib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob poob qis yog kom khov cov ncuav ntawm qhov kub ntawm -18 txog -30 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, hom no tsis kim thiab dav hauv peb lub tebchaws.

Qhov kev lees paub ntau dua los ua kom qeeb txheej txheem staling yog ntim pob mov rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, ntawv ci polymer, nrog rau cov perforated thiab ntsws. Kev siv cov khoom ntim, ntawm ib sab, pab txhawb kev khaws lub ncuav rau lub sijhawm ntev dua (lub neej lub neej ntawm cov mov ci hauv pob raws li GOST yog 72 teev, thiab nyob rau kis kev siv cov khoom siv txuag - 14-30 hnub), thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws txhim kho kev huv huv thiab huv kev thauj mus los thiab muag hauv cov xaib.

Refreshment ntawm qhob cij. Thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv nruab nrab ntawm 60 tawg C, lub khob cij rov qab nws cov freshness thiab khaws cia rau 4-5 teev - hom qoob mog thiab 6-9 teev - nplej.

Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua: yuav lossis ci koj tus kheej

Niaj hnub no muaj ib qho kev tsim khoom ntawm lub ncuav pastries. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yuav yog pom tseeb. Koj tsis tas yuav tsum sawv hauv chav ua noj thiab siv sijhawm ci koj tus kheej ntau lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus muaj lub sijhawm thiab lub siab xav ua ib yam dab tsi thaum yav tsaus ntuj tom qab ua haujlwm, thaum tsim nyog ua lwm yam haujlwm hauv tsev.
Muaj ntau ntau cov kev xaiv muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam uas yeej muaj cov khoom noj ob peb carbohydrates.

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov khoom muaj protein nyob hauv bakeries lossis supermarkets, kab ntawm cov nplej lossis txawm tias hom qoob mog feem ntau muaj.

Feem ntau muag cov qhob cij protein, piv txwv li, muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej dawb tag nrho. Rau ntau, txawm li cas los xij, cereals yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb rau kev noj haus.

Tswv yim: Rye nqus ntau noo noo dua li hom nplej. Thaum koj yuav cov mov ci protein, nco ntsoov siv cov nplej rye pauv cov nplej.

Lwm qhov kev sib cav tawm tsam kev xaiv yuav yog tus nqi. Qee lub sij hawm nws tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 rubles toj ib qhov. Kev tsim zaub mov rau tus kheej yuav kim dua li pheej yig.
Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm kev ua noj hauv tsev yog tias koj paub xyov cov khoom xyaw twg muab tso rau hauv cov khoom. Koj tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog cov qib ntawm carbohydrates koj tus kheej.

Peb twb siv los sau cov ncuav peb tus kheej. Tab sis nws tseem nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm. Thaum peb pib ua raws kev noj haus, muaj tsuas yog tsis muaj ci zoo ntawm kev muag. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis muaj kev xaiv tsuas yog yuav ci peb tus kheej. Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, yog li ntau cov zaub mov txawv tau tsim, ntawm cov uas koj yuav pom ib tus uas haum rau koj.
Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj nug peb, peb xav kom koj yuav tsum ua koj li ua cov zaub mov qes-carb uas tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, peb nkag siab tias vim tsis muaj sijhawm, tib neeg feem ntau yuav nws.

Muab khaws cia ntawm cov khoom lag luam bakery

Txij li thaum xaiv kev xaiv feem ntau yog kev sib xyaw uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej tag nrho, cov ntsiab lus khaws cia zoo ib yam li rau cov kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua.

Lub khob cij yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv ci. Av nplaum los yog earthenware tub rau khoom yog feem ntau haum. Cov khoom siv no nqus cov dej noo ntau thiab ntxiv nws thaum tsim nyog. Qhov no ua rau kom lub sijhawm ntev dua, tiv thaiv pwm.
• Cov khoom yuav los yuav tsum tsis txhob tso rau hauv tub yees. Hauv lub tub yees, nws poob dej noo thiab huv sai dua. Khaws qhov kev xaiv no nyob rau ntawm chav tsev kub hauv qhov chaw ntim khoom uas tsim nyog.
• Koj tuaj yeem khov rau cov neeg nyias nyob hauv lub freezer thiab yaj lawv raws li xav tau.
Yog tias koj siv lub khob cij, so nws nrog vinegar tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob tuaj pwm.
• Tsis txhob khaws cov khoom hauv ntim ntawv yas. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ya raws, uas ua rau ntawm lub khob cij.
• Ceev faj: yog tias pwm tshwm ntawm cov khoom, muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd. Txawm hais tias pwm kab noj yuav tsis pom nyob rau lwm qhov, txhua hom khob cij feem ntau yog muaj tshuaj lom neeg.

Cia tus kheej ua ncuav

Feem ntau, tib cov lus qhia khaws cia thov rau cov mov ci tau npaj, tab sis nrog me me kev hloov pauv. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv hauv tsev yog qhov kev xaiv ntau dua ntawm cov khoom xyaw.
Cov khoom xyaw rog xws li av almonds tau ntxiv rau feem ntau cov zaub mov. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus zoo ua rog, koj cov khoom lag luam yuav muaj lub zog khaws cia.

Qhov no xyuas kom meej tias lub tshuab ua kom siav yuav muaj lub txee ntev dua li yuav khoom. Lub tsev version yuav cia rau ib lub lim tiam lossis ntev dua, thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom tsuas yog 3 hnub.

Lwm qhov tsis tau xav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhob cij qhob cij yog qhov muaj peev xwm muab cia rau hauv tub yees. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus ua rog, nws tsis qhuav hauv lub tub yees thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua.

Peb qhwv cov qhaub cij nyob rau hauv txhuas ntawv ci thiab khw muag khoom nyob rau hauv tub yees rau ntau tshaj li ib lub lim tiam, thiab lawv tseem muaj lub saj tshiab.

Kev khaws khoom yuav txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam xaiv. Cov kev xaiv uas raug tau feem ntau tsis khaws cia rau hauv tub yees, thaum lub tsev seem tseem nyob hauv nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov rog cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tsis muaj nplej los yog txhuv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo rau lub neej txee. Ntawm no yog tus kheej npaj cov khoom yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam yuav tseem muaj txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov uas xav txuag lub sijhawm lossis tsuas yog tsis tshua noj cov khoom lag luam zoo li no.

Dab tsi txiav txim lub txee lub neej ntawm ncuav

Muaj ntau tus lej tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv cov khoom ci mov ci:

ci muaj pes tsawg leeg. Feem ntau cov neeg tsim khoom ntxiv ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub khob cij, ntxiv rau tuab. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj rau kev noj qab haus huv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob muaj lo lo thiab yob, uas qhia tau tias lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua ob lub lis piam. Lub sijhawm siv tau ntawm cov khoom siv qhob cij tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv me ntsis nplej rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub khob cij txhawm rau qeeb qeeb dua. Tsis tas li, ntxiv cov rog thiab qab zib "inhibit" cov txheej txheem no, uas ntev "xauv" noo noo hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub yob. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj cov barley lossis pob kws hmoov nplej hauv khob cij txo nws lub neej txee,
ci tshuab yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem hloov hnub tas sij hawm. Yog tias siv lub tshuab nrawm nrawm, nrog rau lub khob noom cookie ntev ntev, lub khob cij yuav ua xim av sai sai,
cia kub. Thaum qhob cij nyob hauv chav txias (ntawm -18 txog -22 degrees), nws yuav tsis mus rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, txog li ob peb hlis,
av noo theem. Kev pom zoo tshaj plaws qib qis tshaj plaws rau cov khoom lag luam bakery yog 75%. Nrog cov av noo, qhob cij tuaj yeem ua pwm, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov qis ntawm theem ntawm noo noo nws tuaj yeem tig mus rau dub.

Ntawv nyiaj lossis hnab yas

Hlau cov ntawv ci zaub mov thiab lub hnab yas rau cov khoom noj cov khoom ntim zoo kawg nkaus khaws cov dej noo thiab tiv thaiv cov khob cij kom tsis txhob nrawm nrawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv no pab txhawb kev tsim cov condensate. Cov av noo thiab sov so hauv sab hauv lub ntim tuab tuab tau tsim cov tsos ntawm "tsev cog khoom" thiab ib puag ncig zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab rov ua cov kab mob me me, tshwj xeeb cov kab mob, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Koj tuaj yeem zam qhov no los ntawm ua ob peb lub qhov me me hauv lub hnab yas (lossis ntawv ci), piv txwv li, siv rab riam chav lossis diav rawg. (Muaj tseeb ntau qhov them nyiaj rau qhov tseeb tias lub pob uas lub ncuav ntawm cov mov ci tau muag muaj qhov tshwj xeeb puag ncig.) Kev ntxias yooj yim tso cai rau cov cua hauv lub hnab thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim pwm.

Ntawv, textile lossis av nplaum.

Cov no yog qhov feem ntau ib puag ncig cov phooj ywg txoj kev khaws cov mov ci. Lub hnab ntawv uas cov khoom ci tau muag hauv khw muag khoom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm av, cia nws "ua pa", tab sis kev xyaum tsis cuam tshuam nrog ziab.

Txog li 3-5 hnub, lub khob cij yog txig yog tias muab qhwv nrog lub phuam so kom huv lossis muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab linen ntawm qhov ntuj tuab.

Tso lub lauj kaub ntawm cov av nplaum ntuj tig mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub khob cij - khaws cia hauv txoj kev no yuav khaws cov hmoov nplej tshiab rau ib lub lim tiam.

Yog tias koj nyiam khaws cov khoom ci hauv lub khob cij, nco ntsoov tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua 7-10 hnub kho nws cov nplaim sab hauv nrog cov tshuaj tov kua txob los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Cov khoom yuav muab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv cij ntoo txog li 3 hnub. Ntoo yog cov khoom siv hygroscopic heev; nws nqus ib feem ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov khoom bakery. Hauv cov hlau thiab yas ua khob cij, cov loaves yuav khaws ntev dua hauv cov ntoo - txog 72 teev. Tabsis nyob ntawd lawv pwm sai dua li muaj kev plees.

Lub freezer

Yog tias koj yuav los yog ci ib qhov loj ntawm cov qhob cij thiab tsis noj nws hauv 1-3 hnub, sim kom khov nws. Tshaj tawm kom khov thiab yaj, nws tsis poob dej noo thiab ua qhov muag. Ib tus neeg uas tsis paub txog kev khov yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog qhov saj uas qhov khoom noj khoom haus khoom noj khoom haus tau ua qis qis. Nco ntsoov: yog tias koj khov lub khob cij tshiab, nws yuav tseem nyob tom qab yaj, yog tias koj khov cij qhob cij, nws yuav zoo li tsuas yog thaum kauj. Ua ntej txias, nws yog qhov zoo dua los txiav cov qhob cij hauv feem, ntim nws rau hauv hnab ntawv, zaub mov polyethylene lossis zaj duab xis ua noj. Nws tuaj yeem muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees txias ntawm from18 txog −16 ° C kom txog li 4 hli, thiab qhov kub ntawm −25 ° C rau txog rau lub hlis.

Raws li xav tau, ncuav cij los yog tag nrho cov vias khov tuaj yeem nqa tawm thiab yaj hauv chav sov. Txhawm rau defrost ib loaf ntawm cov qhob cij dawb uas hnyav 800 g ntawm chav tsev kub ntawm + 20 ... + 25 ° C, nws yuav siv li 1.5-2 teev. Rau tag nrho thaw ntawm qhob cij, faib rau cov hlais txog 1 cm tuab, 25-30 feeb yog txaus. Txhawm rau kom sai dua cov txheej txheem, koj tuaj yeem sov so ncuav ntawm ncuav nyob rau hauv lub yias qhuav hauv tshav kub uas tsis muaj lub hau lossis muab tso rau hauv lub microwave rau ob peb feeb.

Hais txog kev ua kom yuam kev, kev zais thiab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb

Cov khob cij uas tau pib stale tuaj yeem xa rov qab yog tias txau nplua mias nrog dej huv thiab muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab txee ntawm qhov cub, rhuab mus txog 250 ° C, rau 5 feeb.

Cov khob cij yog hygroscopic thiab nquag nqus tsw. Tsis txhob muab dub dub, tag nrho cov nplej thiab cov mov ci ua ib lub hnab. Cov poov xab poov xab, khoom sib xyaw, tsim cov khoom lwj, thiab lub khob cij pib pwm sai. Xav kom tsis txhob tso cov ncuav hauv tub yees los sis lub tub yees txias uas tsis tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze thaj chaw ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab khoom noj, nqaij thiab ntses.

Txhawm rau khaws cov freshness ntawm qhob cij ntev dua, sim hlais nws tsis yog los ntawm cov npoo, tab sis los ntawm qhov chaw. Tsuas yog txiav cov qhob cij hauv ib nrab thiab txiav ob peb daim hlais los ntawm ib nrab, tom qab ntawd "sau" rov qab, nruj nreem khawm cov incisions hauv.

Muab cov txiv apple tag nrho tso rau hauv lub khob cij lossis tais diav uas cov ncuav pastries tau khaws cia. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim no yuav tsis tsuas yog cia lub khob cij kom nyob tau ntev dua, tab sis kuj tseem muab nws qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Tab sis qos yaj ywm thiab qab zib yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ib sab ntawm khob cij. Lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov kab mob microbiological kis tau.

Vim tias cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim, cov pwm pib tsim hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej hauv khob cij. Cov khob cij tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsum muag muag hauv thawj teev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus tsis sawv ntsug, thiab qee cov tuam ntxhab ntxiv cov tshuaj khaws cia rau cov khoom bakery, uas tuaj yeem ntev ncua lub sijhawm ntawm kev khaws ntawv tshiab thiab chaw cia khoom.Tias yog vim li cas yog hais tias lub khob cij lossis loaf ntawm plaub hnub yog li mos, hlav thiab tsw qab zoo ib yam li hnub ntawm kev yuav khoom - qhov no tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab, tab sis rau lub tswb.

Nws yuav tsum tau yug hauv lub siab tias ncuav khob cij hauv yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg raug kho nrog tshwj xeeb antioxidant tebchaw. Qhov yog tias lub crumb muaj ntau ntawm kev ya raws. Lub khob cij tsis tiv thaiv tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob microflora. Raws li antioxidants, lub ntuj lossis hluavtaws formulations yog siv. Txoj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws yog kho nrog ascorbic acid. Kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kim dua yog kev muag khoom ua ntej ntawm cov hlais nrog ethyl cawv. Ib qho kev tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev no yog haus cawv, poob rau hauv lub khob cij kub, rhuav tshem cov kab mob microflora kab mob, thiab nyob rau hauv cov cawv ntawm nws kub nws tau nqus dej los ntawm qhov chaw.

Yog lawm, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog mus yuav lossis yuav mov ci hauv qhov ntau thiab noj nws tshiab. Thiab qhov yooj yim uas yuav zam tau qhov ncuav cij ci yog kom tsis txhob khaws nws rau lub neej tom ntej.

Yuav muab cov mov ci nyob qhov twg? Cov kev cai - cov khob cij

Nws yog yooj yim los khaws cov khoom qab zib hauv lub khob cij. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias nws muaj ob chav haujlwm. Cov thawv cij yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv: ceramics, plastics, hlau, ntoo.

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tsis tau zoo. Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov khob cij muab suav hais tias yog ntoo ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Txhawm rau nce lub txee lub neej ntawm cov loaves, nws tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav, ci, ntxiv los ntawm lub dab dej.

Vim li cas lub khob cij pwm hauv lub khob cij?

Cov ua rau pwm:

Cov hmoov nplej tsis zoo: ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv cia, muaj kab mob nyob hauv cov kab mob tsis zoo. Hauv chav ua noj sov thiab sov, pwm pwm loj hlob sai.
Lub khob cij tais: tsis ntxuav tom qab muab cov khoom piam. Tsis qhuav kom txog thaum kawg.
Loafs ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb: yuav ntawm lwm lub bakery.
Cov qauv huv rau ua noj, cov ncauj lus muaj pes tsawg leeg ua txhaum.

Nquag tso pa ntawm chav ua noj thiab txiv qaub tev, tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim thaum hmo ntuj, yuav pab khaws cov ncuav ci tshiab.

Yooj yim cia hauv ntaub thiab polyethylene

Cov khoom lag ci xyoob khaws tseg rau ntau qhov. Qee tus niam tsev nyiam ntau lub hnab ntaub, thaum lwm tus neeg nyiam lub hnab polyethylene.

Ntxiv nrog rau lub hnab zoo tib yam, flax txiav lossis canvas yog siv. Qhwv thiab muab tso rau hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws. Qhov no khaws cia lub freshness thiab splendor ntawm cov khoom rau 3-4 hnub. Tom qab ntawd nws ua tawv ncauj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis plam nws qab.

Daim ntaub lossis lub hnab ntim khoom pom zoo kom ntxuav 2-3 zaug hauv ib hlis. Siv cov tshuaj tsw qab, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tsw qab. Xab npum ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam.

Lub hnab yas khaws cov qhob cij ci tshiab rau 5 hnub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub ncuav no kom huv thiab qhuav. Ib lub hnab ua los ntawm polyethylene khaws cov dej noo, tsis tso cai kom cov loaf txhawm rau qhuav thiab qhuav.

Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv nce tsub zuj zuj ntawm condensate. Cov av noo ntau tsim ib puag ncig hauv pob uas zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Yog li, cov pob xav tau qhov. Koj tuaj yeem chob lub qhov nrog rab rawg, rab riam.

Lub Hoobkas ntim khoom thaum pib muaj puag ncig lub qhov. Huab cua nkag thiab tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm ntub me ntsis thiab pwm.

Cov zais cia ntev cia

- Mov ci yuav qab thiab noj qab nyob zoo ntev ntev thaum ua raws li cov lus qhia no:

- Tso cov qos yaj ywm peeled los yog hlais cov kua me me tso rau hauv ib lub taub hau. Cov khoom no nqus cov dej noo ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob lo av.

- Lub ncuav lo lo ci kub, cov mov ci tshiab yog xav kom txias. Soak rau 3 teev, ntim.

- Muab cov ntawv ntim rau hauv cov ntawv kaw thiab cov kab mob hauv lub ntim ntxiv.

- Cov qauv txheej txheem qub pom zoo: ua ntej muab lo lo faib ua ob ntu. Txiav cov xov tooj uas yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lub chaw zov me nyuam. Tshem tus so los ntawm nias nrog daim.

- Khaws cov khoom ntim hauv hnab ntim nrog 3 txheej: ntaub sab hauv thiab tawm, yas - nruab nrab ntawm lawv. cov khoom yuav muag muag hauv 3-4 hnub.

- Txiav thiab tawv hnab. So nyob rau hauv saline. Qhuav kom tsis muaj yaug nrog dej.

Txhawm rau xaiv txoj hauv kev cia txoj kev, sim txhua yam thiab tsom mus rau qhov ua kom haum koj.

Puas yog nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov khoom bakery hauv tub yees: txoj kev cawm seej lossis yuam kev?

Raws li cov hostesses, nyob rau hauv lub tub yees, hmoov cov khoom tseem nyob tshiab rau 6-7 hnub.

Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li txoj cai:

1. Nco ntsoov tias hmoov nplej no nqus tsis hnov tsw ntawm lwm yam zaub mov. Yog li ntawd, tso cov khoom ci hauv lub tub yees yog pom zoo hauv lub thawv lossis hnab ntim.

2. Nws yog txwv tsis pub khaws cov khob cij txias rau hauv chav tsev txias. Noo noo sau rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub ntim, lo lo ntuag.

3. Tsis txhob tso cov khaub noom rau cov khoom noj uas pib tuaj pwm. Kev ntsuas qis dua yuav tsis tiv thaiv tus txheej txheem. Tsis tas li, cov kab mob pathogenic yuav kis mus rau cov khoom noj tas.

Qhov tsis zoo tsim nyob rau hauv hom no suav tias yog ntsuas kub tsawg. Cov khaub noom chilled zoo li tsis muaj qab hau, poob nws tsis hnov tsw. Lub ncuav yuav tsum tau ua kom sov sov ua ntej noj mov. Ntau tus tsis nyiam qhov tseeb tias nws tau qhuav thiab ua rau tawv vim tias noo noo evaporates sai dua li ntawm chav tsev kub. Thiab xaiv lub freezer.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov mov ci qub thiab tsis huv

Qhov tseeb, ntau tus neeg tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm cov mov ci qub thiab tsis huv. Hauv cov caij nyoog dhau los, nws tau ntseeg tias tsim nyog khaws cov ncuav qub tau nws tus kheej. Nrog "hnub nyoog" hauv loaves, kev hloov pauv zoo tshwm sim. Muaj tseeb, txhua leej txhua tus pom tias tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm lub khob cij ua kom tawg tsis muaj kab, tab sis cov saj yuav muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab muaj ntau dua. Ntawd yog, cov qhob cij qub hauv nws saj yog qee zaum tseem zoo dua loaf tshiab, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov khoom muag qis.

Cov txheej txheem thaum lub cij yog stale yog hu ua retrograde ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv lub ntiaj teb scientific. Lo lus no hais txog kev hloov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab polysaccharides los ntawm soluble lub xeev mus rau ib qho kev sau tsis tau. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thaum lub sijhawm cia ncuav.

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv tas li. Nyob rau hauv ib lub loaf ntawm cov mov paj nyoos, hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj cov qauv crystalline. Tab sis thaum cov loaf tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub, cov hmoov txhuv nplej mus dhau los ntawm txheej txheem gelatinization.

Nws yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas tau o los ntawm noo noo thiab kub, thiab muab qhob cij softness. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tebchaw ua ntau dua, tawv dua thiab poob lawv cov elasticity. Qhov no ua rau kev callousness.

Ob qho tib si kev laus ntawm lub khob cij thiab nws cov callousness yog cov txheej txheem dhau los. Tab sis txawm tias lawv tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm me ntsis thaum tswj kev saj thiab khoom ntawm lub khob cij. Nws yog txaus los khaws cov khoom lag luam bakery.

Cov hau kev rau khaws cov mov ci

Nws ntseeg tau tias kev ua lub neej zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua 36 teev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 1.5 hnub yog lub txee lub neej ntawm rye hmoov nplej. Cov khoom tsis pub muag yuav tsum tsis pub ntev tshaj ib hnub. Thiab txhawm rau khaws txhua yam zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab saj, nws tsim nyog saib qee qhov xwm txheej - kub txog 20 degrees thiab av noo tsis dhau 75%.

Cia rau hauv lub khob cij

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws rau khaws cov ncuav yog cov ntim tshwj xeeb tsim rau lub hom phiaj no. Niaj hnub no, cov khob cij ci yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv - ceramics, plastics, hlau thiab ntoo. Coob tus neeg tau ntim cov khob cij "tsis ncaj" uas ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis yas, sim ua kom lub thawv ntim zoo rau sab hauv.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau ntev tau paub tias cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws yog ntoo. Nws muaj lub zog zoo rwb thaiv tsev cua sov thiab tswj cov qib uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau ya raws. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog kom muab tso rau ntawm lub khob mov tso kom deb ntawm lub dab ntxuav chav ua noj. Tab sis txawm nyob hauv cov ntoo zoo li no, khob cij tuaj yeem sai sai.

Yog li ntawd pwm tsis tshwm, thiab lub khob cij tsis qaij, lub khob cij yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo saib tom qab. Txhua lub lim tiam, ntxuav lub thawv ntoo hauv dej sov thiab tom qab ntawd qhuav kom huv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pwm, so hauv sab hauv lub khob cij nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog ntawm vinegar.

Tseem Ceeb! Yog tias lub khob cij sai sai thiab qia tuaj pwm txawm nyob hauv lub khob cij, nws txhais tau hais tias cov cai ntawm kev ua mov ci cov khoom lag luam txhaum cai lossis lub thawv ntim tsis tau qhuav tom qab ntxuav.

Linen hnab

Peb cov poj koob yawm txwv kuj tseem tau xam seb yuav ua li cas thiaj tswj tau lub ncuav tshiab ntev ntev. Txhawm rau khaws cov loaves, lawv siv cov ntaub linen lossis canvas. Lawv pom tias: yog tias koj qhwv cov khoom bakery hauv ib daim ntaub, lub freshness thiab saj ntawm qhob cij kav ntev txog 7 hnub.

Niaj hnub no, cov hnab tshwj xeeb linen tau muag rau khaws cov loaves. Cov khoom lag luam no muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, uas tiv thaiv kom pom qhov pwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, flax yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim uas tsis ua mob rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Khaws cov ncuav ci rau hauv cov hnab ntim cov hnab ntawv tuab thiaj ua rau cov ncuav nyob ruaj khov ntev thiab tsis ntev, thiab lub ntsej muag nws lub cev nqaij tawv tau ob peb hnub.

Lub tub yees txias khoom

Cia kom khov lo yog lwm txoj kev cia khoom nrov. Txawm tias tsis tshua muaj, tab sis qee zaus kuj xav tau khaws cov khoom kom ntev. Piv txwv li, tom qab lub koob tsheej, ob peb lub hnab tseem nyob, lossis ob peb lo ntawm cov mov ci tsawg tsawg tau yuav tom lub tsev noj mov.

Lub freezer nyob rau hauv cov rooj plaub no yuav tuaj rau cawm. Tom qab defrosting, cov khoom ua tiav lawv cov qauv thiab saj. Txuag cov loaves hauv lub taub yees txias, koj yuav tsum muab lawv qhwv rau hauv zaj duab xis uas txhaws thiab tshem tawm.

Tseem Ceeb! Mov ci yuav khaws nws cov qab thiab qhov zoo tsuas yog yog tias yaj.

Koj tuaj yeem defrost cov khoom zoo li no nyob rau chav sov lossis tso cov nqaij ci rau hauv qhov cub, tig rau convection. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom khov cov khoom muag hauv txhua qhov teeb meem, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tau txais qhov tsuas yog cov ncuav uas yuav noj nyob hauv ob peb hnub.

Cov lus qhia rau kev khaws cia ntev

Muaj cov kev qhia yooj yim los pab khaws cov freshness thiab saj ntawm cov khoom bakery ntev:

Tsis txhob muab cov mov ci tso rau hauv tub yees. Lub khob cij tshaj plaws ua qia thaum kub ntawm 0 txog 8 degrees. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kub tsawg, noo noo ntawm loaves evaporates sai dua, uas yog vim li cas lub khob cij stale.
Thaum khaws cov qhob cij hauv hnab yas, lub qhov me me yuav tsum ua rau hauv hnab. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev txuam nrog condensation thiab kev kis tus pwm.
Txiv qaub zest, ib daim ntawm cov kua los yog tev qos yaj ywm, tso rau hauv lub khob cij, yuav pab ntxiv tswj cov freshness ntawm qhob cij. Cov khoom no tswj tau qib av noo nyob rau hauv lub ntim.
Lub ncuav ci rau tus kheej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tub yees ua ntej muab ntim thiab cia.
Txiav cov ncuav tsis yog los ntawm qhov xaus, tab sis los ntawm nruab nrab. Kev lig kev cai, ib lub loaf yog txiav los ntawm ib qho kawg, tab sis yog tias koj xub txiav lub khob cij rau hauv ob lub halves, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txiav ib qho los ntawm txhua qhov, cov khoom yuav khaws cov tshiab rau ntev dua. Yog tias koj txuas ob txoj hlua ntawm ob sab ntawm cov hlais txuas rau ib leeg, ob qhov kawg ntawm loaf yuav tsim ib co kev tiv thaiv thiab yuav tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm huab cua thiab noo noo rau hauv pob zeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom ua los ntawm rye thiab cov hmoov nplej hmoov nplej muaj sib txawv ntawm cov dej noo sib txawv hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Sib xyaw cov nplej thiab txhuv rye hauv ib lub thauv lossis hnab yuav ua rau tuaj pwm tuaj sai.

Cov kev zais yooj yooj yim no pab koj zam txoj kev nrawm thiab txaus siab ua cov khoom ci tshiab rau ob peb hnub.

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom siv bakery tsis txawv nyob rau hauv lub txee ntev lub neej, txhua tus niam tsev muaj peev xwm heev los khaws qhov tshiab ntawm loaves rau ob peb hnub. Nws yog txaus los xaiv ib txoj kev raug. Tab sis txawm hais tias lub ncuav tseem qhuav, tsis txhob muab cov cov no pov tseg. Los ntawm cov khoom qub, koj tuaj yeem ib txwm ua cov khaub noom ntaj ntsug uas yuav zoo rau cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Yuav ua li cas khaws cov mov ci hauv lub tub yees

Qee lub sij hawm nws tsim nyog khaws cov loaves tuaj yeem siv li 2 lub lis piam lossis ntau dua. Qhov no ua tau nrog lub freezer.

Qav raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov khoom yaj kom yaj tsis txawv ntawm freshly ci. Ua kom ya raws, tseem muaj qab los thiab muag.

Txiav cov loaf hauv feem. Ntim rau hauv ntawv, hnab yas. Tsav cov huab cua tawm ntawm kev ntim, tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Teem lub ntsuas kub kom txog 20 C.

Hauv qhov kub thiab txias mus txog - 18 C - nws yog cia rau 3-4 lub hlis.

Ua ntej noj mov, yaj nws sab hauv tsev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm 2 teev. Zaum ob uas lo lo tsis khov!

Txoj cai khaws cia cov cai, lub khob cij yuav nyob tshiab thiab qab.

Dab tsi hais GOST mov cia

Rau cov lus txhais tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm ntau hom khob cij, nrog rau kev txiav txim ntawm nws cov tsheb thauj mus los, GOST R 53072-2008 tau tsim. Lub sijhawm thaum cov khoom siv bakery nyob twj ywm rau kev noj haus yog teem rau hauv tus account nws ntim (hauv daim ntawv no, lub khob cij khaws cia ntev dua).

Txee lub neej ntawm ntau hom mov ci:

Cov khob cij dawb ua los ntawm cov nplej txhawm rau hauv pob ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis pub dhau peb hnub. Yog tias nws tau ntim, lub sijhawm no yog txo rau 24 teev, muab cov huab cua sov tsis tshaj 25 degrees thiab cov av noo yog 75%.
Vim nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, mov ci rye yog ntau stale ntau qeeb qeeb thiab muaj lub neej txee ntawm tsib hnub hauv ib pob.
Cov hmoov nplej-rye cov khoom hauv cov ntawv ntim tau khaws cia txog li 4 hnub.
Ib lub ncuav ntawm cov qhob cij Borodino uas tsis tau ntim yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom noj rau ib hnub thiab ib nrab. Yog tias nws tau ntim thiab nyob hauv qhov chaw tsaus, qhov chaw txias, ces lub sijhawm no nce mus rau tsib hnub.
Loaf yog feem ntau yog ci los ntawm cov hmoov nplej, yog li lawv cov txee lub neej yog luv thiab tsuas yog 24 teev nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob, thiab hauv ntim - 72 teev.
Cov qhob cij qhob cij cia ntev dua li khaws cov mov ci vim cov khoom siv coj los siv thiab kev siv lub tshuab ci.
Cov buns me me thiab lwm cov pastries uas hnyav txog 200 g yog cia luv heev - txog 18 teev. Cov khoom hnyav hnyav ntau dua 200 g - txog 24 teev.

Txoj kev txhim kho qhuav

Cov neeg keej yog ib txoj hauv kev khaws cov khoom bakery. Cov tais qhuav tau pov rau hauv cov kua zaub lossis borsch. Yog tias tsim nyog, kom sov ob peb lub.

Cov cav ntoo qhuav hauv tsev yog yooj yim. Ib txoj hauv kev pheej yig yog qhuav hauv qhov cub:

txiav lub loaf rau hauv daim,
nteg rau ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib txheej,
muab tso rau hauv qhov cub, rhuab kom 120-130 C,
tawm rau 10 feeb
tig cov pieces thiab tuav kom txog thaum browning, 8 feeb.

Lub sijhawm ua noj ua haus rau crackers yog ib nrab ib teev. Rau cov ris tsho ziab, nws yog ntshaw kom txiav ib feem ntawm qhov loj me.

Dub thiab dawb - ua ke lossis sib nrug?

Grey, dub, dawb: txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej, microflora tus kheej. Thiab loaves ntawm ntau hom, yog tias pom ua ke, pib yaig sai sai.

Nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov qhob cij dawb thiab dub cais lossis ntim hauv pob khoom cais.

Cov laj thawj rau kev ua tsis tau ntawm kev khaws cov khoom sib txawv ua ke yog tias dawb thiab tsaus muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov dej hauv qhov loj ntawm hmoov. Dub muaj 80% dej, dawb - txog 60%.

Tsis tas li, cov lo lo hniav dawb nqus cov nplua nuj tsw dub.

Yog tias ntub thiab tuaj pwm tuaj ntawm daim, ces qhov no yuav tsis haum rau zaub mov!

SanPin hais dab tsi txog kev khaws cov khoom lag luam bakery?

Cov cai huv huv thiab cov qauv hauv qab no rau kev khaws cov mov ci yog tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias Lavxias:

Lub khob cij muab cia rau hauv cov chav kom haum: kaj lug, huv, muab pa thiab qhuav. Raug rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov thiab cua txias. Pwm, ntub dej smudges tsis pub rau ntawm phab ntsa.

Cov khoom lag luam raug khaws cia rau hauv qhov qhib lossis kaw uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub txee txawb. Cov ntaub thaiv, cov tais, cov khib nyiab yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Health: hlau, ntoo, yas.

Hauv cov tsev rau khoom rau cov hmoov nplej cov khoom lag luam nws raug txwv tsis pub khaws cov khoom sib txawv hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tsw.

Rau lub sijhawm ntawm cia cov loaves yog ntim khoom.

Txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom ci:

nplej - 3 hnub rau ib pob, 1 hnub tsis muab kaw,
rye - 5 hnub,
Borodinsky - 36 teev,
nplej-rye - 4 hnub,
nplej loaf - 1-3 hnub.

Txij li xyoo 2017, lub hnab ntim khoom lag luam rau cov khoom xyaw khob cij muaj sorbic acid. Kev txuag tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv pwm, ua kom lub sijhawm siv.

Yuav kom paub txog qhov qeeb li cas?

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob yuav cov ncuav ci, ua tib zoo mloog hauv kev nthuav qhia:

lub loaf yuav tsum tsis muaj dab tsi, tiaj tus,
coj nws tus qauv qub tom qab nyem,
muaj ib qho qhob cij tsw
yuav pub dawb los ntawm pwm, tsaus cia nyiaj.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho ntawm cov phiajcim qhia tau tias tas sij hawm ntawm qhov khoom. Yuav, thiab tsis muaj ib qho yuav zoo li ntawd.

Yuav ua li cas reanimate stale qhob cij?

Cov nqaij tawv tawv tawv yuav pab ua kom qhov zoo nkauj thiab qab heev li cov hauv kev:

nphoo nrog dej me me thiab sawv hauv qhov cub rau 2-3 feeb, muaj qhov kub ntawm 100-120С,
muab cov ntawv tso rau hauv colander, npog nrog lub hau, tuav dua chav rau 3 feeb dua dej npau,
lub ncuav uas tau npaj tseg yuav nyob mus li ib hnub yog tias koj muab nws tso rau hauv cov thermos tshwj xeeb nrog nthuav caj dab.

Tsis txhob muab pov tseg daim qhuav. Rusks muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv thiab lub plab, siv rau hauv cov zaub mov noj.

Yuav ua li cas khaws cov mov ci? Hauv lub tub yees lossis xaiv ib txoj hauv qab no, koj txiav txim siab. Nco ntsoov cov kev xaiv cia:

hnab ntawv lossis ntaub hnab,
polyethylene hnab,
tshwj xeeb peb-txheej hnab
lub tub yees,
lub thawv khob cij
ntim nrog lub hau.

Peb cia siab tias tsab xov xwm tau siv tau zoo. Cia koj lub rooj ib txwm muaj cov khoom noj kom qab, noj qab nyob zoo thiab tshiab bakery - qhov kev lees paub ntawm koj kev noj qab haus huv!

Yuav ua li cas txuas lub txee lub neej ntawm qhob cij

Ib qho chaw qub rau qhob cij yog ib lub khob cij rau qhov sib txuam GOST tsim. Lub khob cij yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tas li nrog vinegar, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom qhuav. Nws yuav tsum muaj lub ntsej muag kom nruj, thiab qhov loj ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10 hli.

Cov khoom ci me tau khaws cia rau hauv lub khob cij tsis ntev tshaj 60 teev. Yog tias nws muaj ntau hom khoom sib txawv (piv txwv li, txhuv nplej thiab mov ci), tom qab ntawd nws raug nquahu kom muab lawv tso ua nyias seem lossis ntim txhua lub hnab ntim ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab tias lub khob cij tsis stale ntev li ntev tau, nws tuaj yeem muab qhwv nrog ib daim ntaub linen lossis paj rwb. Cov ntaub zoo li hla dhau ntawm huab cua thiab tsis tso cai rau kev ya raws mus rau hauv crumb. Pom khob cij hauv hnab yas, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau cov pwm tsim.

Yuav ntau npaum li cas cov khob cij khaws cia hauv tsev

Txoj cai dav rau kev khaws cov khob cij dawb yog peb hnub. Thaum muas, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai tsis tas rau hnub, tab sis kuj txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov suav npe pib nrog tus naj npawb qhia hauv pob.

Yog li, hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov ncuav tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, nws cov saj tau sai sai. Yog li, nws tsis pom zoo kom noj cov qhob cij tom qab hnub tas sij hawm qhia ntawm pob. Coob leej tsis mob siab kom pov cov pob tw tawg. Lawv tuaj yeem raug hloov mus ua kub ua xim av. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub khob cij yog txiav mus rau hauv cov thawv zoo nkauj ntawm qhov loj me, thiab tom qab ntawd ziab hauv qhov cub (cov khaub noom ntom ntw yog cov ntawv ci rau hauv ib txheej kom lawv tuaj yeem qhuav ntawm txhua sab). Xws li kev kho mob tuaj yeem khaws cia mus txog rau lub hlis hauv ib lub hnab paj rwb lossis hnab yas, kaw kom nruj nrog lub hau.