Kev siv tshuaj insulin: kev taw qhia thiab cov ntawv, cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj

P / c, tshwj tsis yog - v / m, 15 feeb ua ntej noj mov. Thawj koob tshuaj hauv cov laus yog los ntawm 8 txog 24 IU, hauv cov menyuam yaus - tsawg dua 8 IU. Nrog txo qis rhiab rau insulin - koob tshuaj loj. Ib koob tshuaj tsis yog ntau dua 40 IU. Thaum hloov cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntawm tib neeg, yuav tsum tau txo qhov koob tshuaj. Nrog rau mob ntshav qab zib coma thiab acidosis, cov tshuaj feem ntau yog noj tshuaj iv.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nosological pawg

Tso koj saib

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tam Sim No Xav Tau Index, ‰

Daim ntawv thov rau npe Insulin S

• S-8-242 N006174

Lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm lub tuam txhab RLS ®. Lub encyclopedia tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom muag ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj assortment ntawm Lavxias Internet. Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj Rlsnet.ru muab cov neeg siv kev nkag mus rau cov lus qhia, tus nqi thiab cov lus piav qhia txog cov tshuaj, khoom noj tshuaj, khoom siv kho mob, khoom siv kho mob thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam. Cov lus qhia ntawm pharmacological suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab daim ntawv tso tawm, kev nqis tes ua pharmacological, kev taw qhia rau kev siv, contraindications, kev phiv tshuaj, cuam tshuam tshuaj, hom kev siv tshuaj, cov tuam txhab tshuaj. Daim ntawv qhia cov tshuaj muaj nqi rau tshuaj thiab cov khoom lag luam tshuaj hauv Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog Lavxias.

Nws yog txwv tsis pub xa, theej, tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm RLS-Patent LLC.
Thaum hais cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm lub xaib www.rlsnet.ru, qhov txuas mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.

Ntau ntau yam nthuav

Qoob loo.

Kev ua lag luam siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug tso cai.

Cov ntaub ntawv yog npaj rau cov kws kho mob.

Tib neeg insulin txhaj tshuaj nruab nrab

Actrapid HM (Actrapid HM), Actrapid HM penfill (Actrapid HM penfill), Berlsulin H ib txwm cwj mem (Berlinsulin H ib txwm cwj mem), Berlsulin H ib txwm U-40 (Berlinsulin H ib txwm U-40), Insuman sai (Insuman sai), Homorap 40 (Homorap 40), Homorap 100 (Homorap 100).

Pharmacological kev txiav txim

Nws yog cov tshuaj ua kom nruab nrab tsis haum rau tib neeg cov insulin. Hais txog cov insulins uas ua yeeb yam luv luv. Nws txo qis ntshav qabzib cov ntshav qabzib, txhim kho nws qhov kev nkag siab los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, synthesis protein, thiab txo qis ntshav qabzib ntau lawm los ntawm daim siab.

Qhov pib ntawm cov tshuaj yog 20-30 feeb tom qab kev tswj hwm. Qhov siab tshaj tawm tau tsim tawm ntawm 1 mus rau 3 teev Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 6-8 teev.

Kev txiav txim ntawm tus kheej ntawm insulin nruab nrab soluble tib neeg insulin yog nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj thiab kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam- thiab intrapersonal deviations. Kev nqus tau los ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yog sai dua li nqaij npuas nruab nrab soluble insulin.

Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1, ntshav qab zib hom 2: theem ntawm kev tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj, ib feem los tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub qhov ncauj hypoglycemic (kev kho ua ke), cov kab mob sib kis, kev ua haujlwm (mono- lossis kev kho mob sib xyaw), cev xeeb tub (yog tias kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig).

Mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic thiab hyperosmolar coma, nrog kev phais tom ntej, kev ua xua rau insulin npaj ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm, insulin lipoatrophy, insulin tsis kam vim lub siab titer ntawm anti-insulin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum hloov ntawm islet hlwb ntawm lub txiav.

Thov

Tus kws kho mob teev qhov muab ib koob zuj zus. Thaum siv los ua kev kho mob monotherapy, cov tshuaj yog kws kho 3-6 r / hnub. Sau s / c, hauv / m lossis hauv / hauv. Thaum hloov mus rau cov neeg mob los ntawm kev ua cov ntshav ntxig ntxig ntxaug ntxaug rau tib neeg ntau dua, lawv tsis hloov.

Thaum hloov pauv los ntawm bovine los yog sib xyaw (nqaij npuas / bovine) insulin, qhov koob tshuaj yuav tsum raug txo los ntawm 10%, tshwj tsis yog kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug tsawg dua 0.6 U / kg. Nws raug nquahu kom pw hauv tsev kho mob cov neeg mob tau txais 100 units lossis ntau dua toj ib hnub thaum hloov pauv cov tshuaj insulin. Nrog ib tus tes tsho ntawm tes, cov tshuaj yog muab tshuaj subcutaneously xwb.

Cov koob tshuaj insulin yuav tsum tau hloov kho hauv cov xwm txheej no: nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab kev noj haus, kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dua, kev kis kab mob, kev cuam tshuam kev phais mob, cev xeeb tub, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, Addison's disease, hypopituitism, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoos.

Nrog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm insulin, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm nws hom lossis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev lossis lub hlwb kev nyuab siab, qhov txo qis hauv kev muaj peev xwm mloog zoo, qhov ceev ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev muaj zog yog qhov ua tau.

Cov chaw muag tshuaj

Rinsulin P yog tib neeg cov kua dej tau txais los siv siv thev naus laus zis DNA thev naus laus zis. Luv luv insulin. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev lees paub tshwj xeeb rau sab nraud cytoplasmic membrane ntawm cov hlwb thiab tsim cov txheej txheem insulin-receptor complex uas txhawb cov txheej txheem intracellular, suav nrog cov synthesis ntawm ntau cov enzymes tseem ceeb (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthase, thiab lwm yam). Txo cov ntshav qabzib yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ntxiv hauv nws txoj kev thauj mus los hauv lub cev, qhov ntau dua nqus thiab assimilation ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, txhawb kev lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, txo tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj los ntawm lub siab, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev ua ntawm insulin npaj feem ntau vim yog tus nqi ntawm kev nqus, uas nyob ntawm ntau yam (piv txwv li, ntawm koob tshuaj, txoj kev thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov thawj coj), thiab yog li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua ntawm insulin yog raug rau qhov txawv txav, ob leeg hauv cov neeg sib txawv thiab tib tus neeg. Qhov nruab nrab, tom qab kev tswjfwm subcutaneous, Rinsulin P pib ua tom qab 30 feeb, qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws tsim tawm ntawm 1 mus rau 3 teev, qhov ua haujlwm ntev yog 8 teev.

Cov Tshuaj Pharmacokinetics
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev nqus thiab pib ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nyob ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tswj hwm (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, mob siab), qhov chaw tswj hwm (mob plab, ncej puab, pob tw), koob tshuaj (ntim ntawm txhaj tshuaj insulin), cov tshuaj insulin nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, thiab lwm yam Nws raug faib tsis ncaj thoob plaws cov ntaub so ntswg, tsis nkag mus los ntawm placental barrier thiab ua kua mis. Nws yog rhuav tshem los ntawm insulinase feem ntau hauv daim siab thiab lub raum. Qhov kev tshem tawm ib nrab-lub neej ua rau ob peb feeb. Nws yog tawm los ntawm lub raum (30-80%).

Kev ntsuas rau siv

• Yam 1 ntshav qab zib
• Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus: theem ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov ncauj hypoglycemic, ib nrab tsis kam rau cov tshuaj no (thaum kho sib xyaw), cov kab mob sib kis
• Hom Ntshav Qab Zib 2 hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub
• Kev mob xwm txheej ceev hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog kev decompensation ntawm carbohydrate metabolism

Sab sij huam

Vim tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov metabolism hauv carbohydrate : Cov ntshav qog ntshav siab (pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nce tawm hws, palpitations, tshee tshee, tshee, tshaib plab, ntxhov siab, teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tsis muaj zog, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis pom kev zoo nkauj). Kev mob ntshav qog ntshav qis tuaj yeem ua rau txhim kho kev mob hypoglycemic coma.
Kev ua xua tsis haum : daim tawv nqaij ua pob, Quincke's edema, tshuaj tiv thaiv anaphylactic.
Kev tiv thaiv hauv zos : hyperemia, o thiab khaus ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, nrog rau siv sijhawm ntev - lipodystrophy ntawm thaj chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Lwm yam : edema, kev ua haujlwm txo qis hauv qhov pom tseeb (feem ntau thaum pib kho).
Yog hais tias tus neeg mob tau sau tseg kev txhim kho hypoglycemia lossis tau hnov ​​mob tsis nco qab, nws yuav tsum qhia rau tus kws kho mob sai .
Yog tias muaj lwm cov kev mob tshwm sim uas tsis tau piav los saum no tau txheeb xyuas, tus neeg mob koj kuj yuav tsum sab laj ib tus kws kho mob .

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Cov kev ceev faj rau kev siv

Tawm tsam tom qab ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntshav qabzib hauv siab yog qhov tsim nyog.
Qhov ua rau cov ntshav qog ntshav ua ke ntau tshaj ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem yog: hloov tshuaj, hla zaub mov noj, ntuav, raws plab, ua kom lub cev qoj ib ce, cov kab mob uas txo qis qhov xav tau ntawm insulin (kev mob siab rau lub siab thiab lub raum kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm adrenal cortex, pituitary lossis thyroid caj pas), hloov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ntxiv rau kev cuam tshuam nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj.
Kev noj tshuaj tsis yog lossis cuam tshuam rau hauv cov tshuaj insulin, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, tuaj yeem ua rau mob hyperglycemia. Feem ntau thawj cov tsos mob ntawm hyperglycemia pib maj mam dhau ob peb teev lossis hnub. Cov no suav nrog kev nqhis dej, ntxiv tso zis, xeev ntuav, ntuav, kiv taub hau, liab thiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov ncauj qhuav, tsis qab los, tsis hnov ​​tsw ntawm Acetone hauv cov pa ua pa. Yog tias tsis kho, hyperglycemia hauv ntshav qab zib hom 1 tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv cov mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis.
Cov koob tshuaj insulin yuav tsum raug kho rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid tsis zoo, Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoos.
Kev kho tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin kuj tseem xav tau yog tias tus neeg mob nce ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm lub cev lossis hloov cov zaub mov li qub.
Cov kab mob sib xyaw tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kis mob thiab cov kab mob nrog kub taub hau, nce ntxiv qhov xav tau ntawm insulin.
Kev hloov chaw ntawm tus neeg mob mus rau ib hom tshiab ntawm insulin lossis kev tsim tshuaj insulin ntawm lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob.
Vim tias muaj qhov ua rau nag lossis daus hauv qee qhov ntsuas, kev siv yeeb tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj insulin tsis pom zoo.

Muaj feem xyuam rau kev muaj peev xwm tsav tsheb thiab cov txheej txheem

Hauv kev sib txuas nrog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm insulin, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm nws hom, lossis nyob rau ntawm lub cev lossis lub cev kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb, nws yuav ua rau lub peev xwm tsav lub tsheb lossis ntau cov txav mus los, nrog rau kev koom tes rau lwm yam kev phom sij uas xav tau nce siab thiab ceev.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Chaw nyob ntawm cov chaw ntau lawm:

1. 142279, cheeb tsam Moscow, Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv, r.p. Obolensk, lub tsev 82, p. 4.
2. 142279, cheeb tsam Moscow, Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv, pos. Obolensk, lub tsev 83, lit. AAN.

GEROPHARM-Bio OJSC
142279, cheeb tsam Moscow, Serpukhov koog tsev kawm ntawv, r.p. Obolensk, lub tsev 82, p. 4

Cov lus qhia yuav muab rau tus neeg mob

Koj tuaj yeem siv tsis tau cov tshuaj yog tias muaj qee qhov tshwm sim hauv kev daws teeb meem.
Cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj rau insulin hauv vials

Yog tias tus neeg mob siv tsuas yog ib hom tshuaj insulin

1. Sanitize roj hmab daim nyias nyias ntawm lub vial
2. Kos cov cua hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj hauv lub ntim uas yuav haum rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Tshaj tawm huab cua rau hauv lub vial ntawm insulin.
3. Tig lub khob nrog lub taub hau ntxeev tiaj thiab kos cov koob xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv cov phwj. Tshem tawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub khob thiab tshem tawm cov cua los ntawm kab mob. Kuaj seb qhov tshuaj insulin puas raug.
4. Hno tam sim.

1. Txom nyem qhov roj hmab nyias nyias ntawm lub vials.
2. Tam sim ntawv ua ntej hu, yob ib qho viav vias insulin ntev ntev ("huab") nruab nrab ntawm koj xib teg kom txog thaum cov tshuaj insulin zuj zus thiab dawb.
3. Sau cov cua mus rau hauv cov phwj hauv qhov ntim coj los ntsuas rau ntawm cov tshuaj huab insulin. Ntxig huab cua rau hauv cov vias insulin vial thiab tshem tawm cov koob ntawm lub vial.
4. Kos cua rau hauv lub qhov ntswg hauv qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov koob tshuaj insulin luv luv ("pob tshab"). Tshaj tawm cov huab cua mus rau hauv lub raj mis kom paub meej ntawm insulin. Tig lub raj mis nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj ib sab hauv qab thiab hu lub koob xav tau ntawm "ntshiab" insulin. Tshem tawm cov koob tawm thiab tshem tawm cov cua ntawm lub koob txhaj tshuaj. Kuaj qhov tseeb.
5. Ntxig lub koob rau hauv lub khob uas siv cov insulin “pos huab”, tig lub khob nrog lub koob txhaj tshuaj kaws sab hauv thiab ntaus lub koob xav kom tau. Tshem tawm cov cua hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab xyuas seb qhov koob tshuaj muaj tseeb li cas. ចាក់ cov tshuaj insulin sib tov tam sim ntawd.
6. Txhua zaus yuav tsum siv tshuaj insulin hauv tib theem zuj zus raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.

• Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas qhov tshuaj insulin yuav raug.
• Nrog rau ob tug ntiv tes, sau cov kab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntxig rab koob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm quav ntawm kaum ntawm 45 degrees, thiab txhaj tshuaj insulin hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
• Tom qab txhaj, koob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsawg kawg 6 vib nas this, txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias cov insulin nkag.
• Yog tias cov ntshav pom ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tom qab tshem tawm rab koob, maj mam nyem qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog qhov qhwv nrog qhov ntub dej uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob (xws li dej cawv).
• Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hloov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Protein-peptide cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal, insulin yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov tshuaj Insulin nquag cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv metabolism - nws pab txo qis ntshav thiab tau nqus los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, pab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov piam thaj rau hauv hlwb, txhawb cov glycogen synthesis, thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rog thiab amino acids rau hauv carbohydrates.

Kev thov cov cai

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin yog muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly, mob leeg - tsuas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob hnyav nrog mob ntshav qab zib tsis nco qab, cov kev npaj rau lub txim tau raug tswj tsuas yog ua subcutaneously.

Qhov koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog txhaj rau hauv 2-3 koob ib nrab ib teev - ib teev ua ntej noj mov, cov nyhuv ntawm ib zaug ntawm cov tshuaj pib tom qab 30-60 feeb thiab kav 4-8 teev.

Nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hypoglycemic yog ua tiav tom qab 20-30 feeb, cov piam thaj rov qab mus rau theem qub tom qab 1-2 teev.

Ua ntej txhawm rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm kev ncua ntawm insulin npaj ntawm kev ua lub sijhawm ntev, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muab co kom txog thaum uas muab ncua kev hnav khaub ncaws uas tsis muaj teeb meem hauv lub raj mis.

Ntawm mob ntshav qab zib kev kho mob yog nqa tawm rau cov khoom noj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav, tus mob ntawm tus neeg mob thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov zis (raws li 1 koog rau txhua 5 g suab thaj ua rau hauv cov zis). Feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin yog li 10-40 units ib hnub.

Ntawm mob ntshav qab zib coma cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm cov tshuaj muab subcutaneously tuaj yeem nqa mus txog 100 PIECES thiab siab dua, nrog kev tswj hwm cov leeg - txog 50 PIECES ib hnub.

Ntawm zawv plab hnyuv toxidermia Cov tshuaj insulin yog sau nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj loj, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm yog nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus mob.

Txog rau lwm cov kev taw qhia, txhaj tshuaj insulin me me feem ntau tau sau tseg (6–10 rau ib hnub), feem ntau (nrog kev tso pa tawm, kab mob siab) ua ke nrog lub ntsej muag hnyav.

Sab sij huam

Thaum muaj cov insulin noj ntau dhau thiab tsis haus txog cov carbohydrates, kev poob siab hypoglycemic tuaj yeem tsim tau - lub cev muaj teeb meem lom uas ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog, tawm hws thiab tsis qab, dias taub hau, mob plab, ua tsis taus pa, nyob rau hauv loj heev - tsis nco qab, delirium, cramps, coma.

Cov tshuaj insulin

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog tso tawm hauv cov dej tsis huv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 5 ml thiab 10 ml, kev ua haujlwm ntawm 20 PIECES, 40 PIECES lossis 80 PIECES hauv 1 ml ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev siv kho mob yog cov hmoov dawb hygroscopic, soluble hauv dej, tau los ntawm kev txiav ntawm cov txiav ntawm cov tsiaj txhu tua tsiaj (tsiaj insulin) lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Muaj 3.1% leej faj.

Cov kua dej hauv cov kua dej yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb, tsis muaj kob lossis daj daj kua qaub ua kua (pH 2.0–3.5), uas tau npaj los ntawm diluting crystalline insulin hauv dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj, acidified nrog hydrochloric acid nrog sib ntxiv ntawm 0.25-0.3% kev daws teeb meem, lossis lub kaus poom.

Ncua-tso kev tshem tawm raug tso tawm hauv cov tsis muaj menyuam mos 5 ml thiab 10 ml vials, hermetically kaw nrog cov roj hmab nres nrog cov kaus mom sib tw khiav hauv txhuas.

Kev npaj tshuaj insulin

Swinsulin - ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm crystalline insulin tau los ntawm pancreas ntawm npua. Cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab yog siv rau hauv cov neeg mob nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau los ntawm kev mob siab ntawm nyuj.

Monosuinsulin - Kev npaj luv luv uas muaj cov kab ntsig crystalline porcine insulin muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thiab txo qis qab zib. Nws yog siv rau cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam, lipodystrophy, hauv zos thiab dav dav kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev hno ntawm lwm yam tshuaj insulin npaj. Monosuinsulin yog muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly 15-20 feeb ua ntej noj mov, ib qho rau ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Qhov kev txiav txim tshwm sim tom qab 15-20 feeb, cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tau tiav tom qab 2 teev, lub sijhawm siv tshuaj ntau dua tsis pub dhau 6 teev. Thaum muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum, kev sim tshuaj rau tus kabmob (0.02-0.04 U) yog ua tiav ua ntej thov monosuinsulin. Nrog lipodystrophy, txoj kev daws teeb meem yog tswj hwm subcutaneously ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov phom sij ntawm cov roj ntsha subcutaneous: hauv cov menyuam yaus, 2-4 pawg, rau cov laus, 4-8 units hla 30-40 hnub. Yog tias tsim nyog, rov qab kho dua. Thaum tus neeg noj ntau dhau, ua rau nws tshaib plab, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, tsis pom kev, dias taub hau (mob ntshav qab zib) muaj peev xwm ua tau. Ceev faj yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus, cerebrovascular kev huam yuaj.

Kev raug ncua nrog kev ncua ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline zinc-insulin.

Raug tshem tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm amorphous hmoov hauv acetate tsis nrog lub sijhawm 10-12 teev thiab cov nyhuv siab tshaj plaws thaum thawj 7 teev.

Kev ncua kev ncua ncua ntawm cov kab mob crystalline insulin hauv acetate tsis, ib qho yeeb tshuaj nrog kev pab txog li 36 teev, qhov siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim 16-20 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm.

Kev tshem tawm qog ntshav ntawm insulin muaju hauv cov khoom muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv phosphate tsis.

10 ml vials, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: insulin - 40 PIECES, zinc chloride - 0.08 mg, triprotamine - 0.8 ml, piam thaj - 40 mg, disubstituted sodium phosphate - txog 4 mg, tricresol - 3 mg.

Ib qho tshuaj siv ntev, hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib qho tshuaj ib txwm muaj thiab Triprotamine-zinc-insulin.

Nyias tshem tawm ntawm cov xim dawb. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ncua, piv nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev tawm tsam, yog qhov pib qeeb thiab pib ntev.

Kev tsis haum rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm crystalline insulin, protamine, zinc chloride thiab sodium phosphate, tshuaj ntawm kev ncua ntev.

Cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev nrog kev ntxiv ntawm aminoquinocarbamide hydrochloride.

Insulin cov kev tshem tawm ntev - amorphous nqaij npuas insulin sib xyaw nrog zinc thiab crystalline nyuj insulin hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog zinc (hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 7). Cov tshuaj yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev, yog tswj hwm subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly nrog cov mob ntshav qab zib rau mob hnyav thiab hnyav. Cov suab thaj txo qis tshwm sim hauv 2-4 teev, mus txog qhov siab kawg ntawm kev ua hauv 8-10 teev thiab kav ntev li 20-24 teev. Koob tshuaj thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov hno ib hnub tau teeb tsa ua ib leeg zuj zus, suav nrog cov piam thaj hauv zis nyob rau txawv sijhawm ntawm hnub, ntshav qab zib cov qib. Cov tshuaj tsis siv rau kev mob ntshav qab zib tsis xeev thiab precomatous lub xeev.Yog tias dhau ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau, lub xeev hypoglycemic thiab kev ua xua (urticaria, tawm pob, ua pob khaus, Quincke's edema) yuav tshwm sim.

Insulin semilong raug tshem tawm - muaj cov roj npuas amorphous nyob rau hauv kev txuam nrog zinc. Cov tshuaj yog qhov tshwm sim ntev. Siv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm mob hnyav thiab daim ntawv hnyav, nrog rau nruab hnub hyperglycemia thiab glucosuria, tswj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly. Cov nyhuv yog pom tom qab 1-1.5 teev, qhov haujlwm siab tshaj plaws - tom qab 5-8 teev. Lub sijhawm tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yog 10-12 teev.

Insulin Ultralong Kev Raug Txwv - muaj crystalline nyuj insulin hauv complex nrog zinc. Ua ntawv thov subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly mob ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm mob hnyav thiab daim ntawv hnyav, nyob hauv ib nrab thib ob ntawm hmo ntuj thiab thaum sawv ntxov ntxov. Kev txo qis qab zib cov txiaj ntsig yog pom tom qab 6-8 teev. Ntev 30-36 teev.

(Insulinum) - cov protein ntau phaus uas muaj ceeb thawj, qhov tshuaj hormones tsim los ntawm cov mam txiav npluav ntshav, yog cov kab mob zais (cov oph-hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsws ua kua ntawm Langerhans).

Frederick Bunting, Charles Best, thiab James Collip xub tau txais insulin los ntawm tsiaj cov tawv nqaij thaum xyoo 1921.

Cov tshuaj Insulin yog ib qho kev tswj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj metabolism hauv plhaws, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hexokinases uas txhawb nqa kev siv ntshav qabzib - nws nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg (feem ntau cov leeg) thiab kev sib xyaw, thiab tseem ua rau cov synthesis ntawm glycogen los ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov nqaij thiab hauv lub siab, thiab inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Ib qho dej qab zib uas qis dua ntawm 0.045 mg ntawm cov kua roj insulin crystalline yog coj ua ib pawg ua haujlwm (IU) (40 IU muaj nyob hauv 1 ml ntawm ib qho tshuaj insulin).

Kev ua rau txoj kev kho mob thiab qhov xav tau ntawm insulin hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus yog txuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob no hauv kev sib pauv ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog. Qhov no yog ua kom pom tseeb hauv kev txhim kho cov kev mob ntawm cov neeg mob, txo qis ntshav qab zib, txo qis lossis tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm glucosuria thiab acetonuria, zoo li hauv kev ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus (furunculosis, polyneuritis, polyarthritis, thiab lwm yam).

Cov tshuaj insulin yog yooj yim adsorbed los ntawm kaolin, ua kom cov pa roj carbon thiab lwm yam adsorbents, nws yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej, alkalis, kua qaub thiab cov cawv qaug zog, insoluble hauv 96% cawv, acetone thiab ether.

Qhov tshuaj hormones tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua ntawm hnub ci (UV hluav taws xob), txo cov neeg ua hauj lawm thiab cov kab mob oxidizing, thiab nws tau yooj yim rhuav tshem los ntawm proteolytic enzymes (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog trypsin). Kev ntsuas sov ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nyob ntawm pH ntawm qhov nruab nrab - hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm acid acid, insulin tuaj yeem tiv taus ib kub npau npau rau ib teev, qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem yog ntau tsawg dua.

Kev tsim tshuaj insulin

Txoj kev dav dav tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov tsiaj insulin los ntawm cov kua ntses ntawm npua thiab nyuj yog cov hauv qab no (cov tuam ntxhab sib txawv muaj ntau txoj kev hloov kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb):

1. Thawj qhov kev rho tawm ntawm cov dej qab ua kom zoo nkauj nrog rau dej cawv acid.
2. Kev tso dej caw ntawm cov cawv tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, ua kom tsis zoo thiab rov ua kom yaj hauv 80% cawv, los ntawm cov roj ntsha insulin precipitates nrog cov cawv lossis ether.
3. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov dej ua kua insulin hauv dej distilled thiab nws txoj kev huv tom qab siv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no: nag lossis daus los ntawm cov kua dej qab ntsev, dej nag ntawm insulin picrate nrog picric acid, dej nag ntawm insulin ntawm isoelectric point los ntawm kev daws nrog pH = 5.0, adsorption rau ntawm kaolin lossis cov roj carbon activated.

Ob hom tshuaj insulin (feem ntau chloride) thiab insulin hauv paus tuaj yeem npaj tau.

Qhov tshuaj insulin yog ib qho kev txiav ntshav qab zib. , muaj lub peev xwm los tswj cov metabolism hauv kev ua kom yuag, ua kom cov nqaij mos ntawm cov piam thaj thiab txhawb nws txoj kev hloov mus rau hauv glycogen, kuj pab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov piam thaj rau hauv cov nqaij mos.
Ntxiv rau cov nyhuv hypoglycemic (txo qis ntshav qab zib), insulin muaj ntau yam teebmeem: nws nce cov nqaij glycogen khw muag khoom noj, txhawb peptide synthesis, txo kev noj protein, thiab lwm yam.

Kev tsim tawm rau cov kua dej yog los nrog kev tsa los yog inhibition (inhibition) ntawm qee yam enzymes , glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase yog qhov ua kom muaj zog, lipase ua kom muaj roj ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, lipoprotein lipase, txo cov ntshav txhaws tom qab noj mov ntau hauv cov rog, yog inhibited.
Qhov ntsuas ntawm biosynthesis thiab kev zais zais (zais zis) ntawm cov kua dej yog nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.
Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv nws cov ntsiab lus, lub tso pa ntawm insulin los ntawm tus kab mob nce ntxiv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov kev poob qis hauv cov concentration ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau cov kua dej insulin ploj mus.

Hauv kev siv ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm nws kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv zos ntawm lub plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm tes, thiab tsim muaj cov insulin receptor complex.
Cov tshuaj insulin hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj insulin nkag mus hauv lub cell , qhov twg nws cuam tshuam phospholation ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm cev, cov kev ua kom lub ntsej muag tsis tshua to taub.
Insulin yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, vim nws txo qis hyperglycemia (kev nce ntshav hauv cov ntshav qabzib) thiab glycosuria (muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov zis), rov ua rau lub qog ntawm glycogen hauv lub siab thiab cov leeg, txo cov ntshav qabzib ntau, thiab alleviates lipemia (muaj cov rog hauv cov ntshav) , txhim kho kev mob ntawm tus neeg mob .

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev siv kho mob yog tau los ntawm kev mob siab ntawm nyuj thiab npua Cov. Muaj txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, tab sis nws nkag tsis tau.
Tsis ntev los no tsim cov txheej txheem biotechnological rau kev tsim tib neeg cov kua dej. Cov insulin tau los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acid series ntawm tib neeg cov insulin.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov tshuaj insulin tau txais los ntawm tus tsiaj ntawm lub cev, ntau yam tsis txaus (proinsulin, glucagon, tus kheej-statin, cov protein, polypeptides, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj vim qhov tsis huv txaus.
Tsis zoo lim cov tshuaj tua kab mob insulin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj ntau.

Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau purified (monopic - chromatographically purified nrog kev tso tawm ntawm "ncov" ntawm cov kua dej), ua kom huv (monocomponent) thiab crystallized insulin npaj.
Tam sim no, crystalline tib neeg cov tshuaj insulin yog nce siv.
Ntawm insulin npaj ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm, kev nyiam yog muab rau cov tshuaj insulin uas tau los ntawm kab mob qog npua ntawm npua.

Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm insulin yog txiav txim siab biologically (los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm txo cov ntshav qab zib hauv luav zoo) thiab ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub cev (electrophoresis rau ntawm daim ntawv lossis cov ntawv chromatography ntawm daim ntawv). Rau ib chav ua haujlwm (IU), lossis thoob ntiaj teb (IE), coj cov haujlwm ntawm 0.04082 mg ntawm cov kua roj insulin crystalline.

Qhov tseem ceeb qhia txog kev siv tshuaj insulin yog hom I ntshav qab zib mellitus (insulin-dependant), tab sis nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej nws kuj tau sau tseg rau hom II mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (non-insulin-dependant).

Hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib siv cov tshuaj insulin npaj ntawm cov sijhawm ua haujlwm sib txawv .
Cov tshuaj insulin luv luv kuj tseem nyob hauv qee lwm cov txheej txheem pathological ua rau lub xeev hypoglycemic (txo qis ntshav qab zib) hauv qee yam mob schizophrenia, raws li tus neeg anabolic (txhim kho protein synthesis) tus neeg sawv cev nrog kev tso pa tawm dav dav, tsis muaj zaub mov noj, furunculosis (ntau yam purulent o ntawm daim tawv nqaij), thyrotoxicosis (mob qog) mob qog), hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub plab (atony / poob suab / / mob plab / mob plab / prolapse ntawm lub plab /), mob siab ntev (mob rau daim siab ua mob), pib ua mob rau daim siab ua paug, thiab tivthaiv "polarizing" dlaws siv los kho mob coronary insufficiency (mismatch ntawm mob oxygen thov thiab nws tus me nyuam).

Kev xaiv cov tshuaj insulin rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yog nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob, qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm tus neeg mob, nrog rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov pib thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov nyhuv hypoglycemic ntawm cov tshuaj.
Qhov tau teem caij xub thawj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thiab tsim kev txhaj tshuaj yog zoo dua nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob (tsev kho mob).

Kev npaj ua yeeb yam luv luv - cov no yog cov kev daws teeb meem rau subcutaneous lossis intramuscular thawj coj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv kuj raug tswj hwm hauv lub cev khov kho.
Lawv muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thiab luv luv cov suab thaj txo cov nyhuv.
Feem ntau lawv muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly 15-20 feeb ua ntej noj mov los ntawm ib qho mus rau ntau zaus thaum nruab hnub.
Cov nyhuv tom qab txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous tshwm sim hauv 15-20 feeb, nce mus txog qhov siab kawg tom qab 2 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev txiav txim tsis tshaj 6 teev.
Lawv siv feem ntau hauv tsev kho mob los tsim cov koob tshuaj insulin tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob, nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm kev hloov pauv sai sai hauv lub cev - muaj ntshav qab zib tsis nco qab thiab precom (ua tiav lossis ib feem ntawm qhov tsis nco qab vim muaj cov ntshav qab zib sai sai) Cov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev npaj tshuaj insulin luv luv yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev anabolic thiab raug xaj, raws li txoj cai, hauv kev txhaj tshuaj me (4-8 units 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub).

Siv sijhawm ntev (ua haujlwm ntev) insulin npaj muaj nyob hauv ntau daim ntawv qhia cov tshuaj sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suab thaj txo cov txiaj ntsig (semylong, ntev, ultralong).
Rau cov tshuaj sib txawv, cov nyhuv kav ntev li 10 mus rau 36 teev.
Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj no, koj tuaj yeem txo qis cov tshuaj txhaj txhua hnub.
Lawv feem ntau tsim tawm hauv kev ncua hauv kev ncua. (kev txwv ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov kua), tswj kev tsuas yog subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly, kev tso ntshav tshuaj tsis pub. Hauv kev mob ntshav qab zib tsis nco qab thiab precomatous, ntev lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tsis siv.

Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj insulin, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub sijhawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig qab zib kom qis tshaj plaws yuav ua rau lub sijhawm koj noj nws.
Yog tias tsim nyog, 2 cov tshuaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev tuaj yeem muab rau hauv ib leeg.
Qee tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis ntev xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceev ceev ntawm cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav. Lawv yuav tsum sau cov tshuaj insulin ntev thiab luv luv.
Feem ntau cov tshuaj muaj yeeb ntev li tau muab ua ntej noj tshais txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog, kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm.

Txhua qhov kev npaj rau insulin yog siv ua raws kev noj haus.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog nqi sau (los ntawm 1700 txog 3000 khal) yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev qhov hnyav thaum lub sijhawm kho, los ntawm hom haujlwm. Yog li, nrog kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg thiab lub zog ua haujlwm hnyav, tus naj npawb ntawm cov calories uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau ib hnub rau tus neeg mob yog tsawg kawg 3000, nrog kev noj zaub mov ntau thiab kev ua neej nyob rau sedentary, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2000.

Cov kev qhia ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau lawm, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev noj haus ntawm cov carbohydrates nrog zaub mov, tuaj yeem ua rau lub xeev hypoglycemic (txo cov ntshav qab zib) nrog rau kev xav txog kev tshaib plab, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, tshee tshee ntawm lub cev, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, mob caj dab, mob euphoria (causeless kev txaus siab) lossis kev nruj kev tsiv.
Tom qab, hypoglycemic coma tuaj yeem txhim kho (tsis nco qab, tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ua tiav tsis muaj kev tawm tsam lub cev rau qhov kev xav sab nraud vim tias cov ntshav qab zib txo qis) nrog poob ntawm kev nco qab, qaug dab peg, thiab ib qho kev poob ntawm lub plawv dhia.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub xeev hypoglycemic, cov neeg mob yuav tsum haus dej qab zib lossis noj ob peb daim qab zib.

Nrog hypoglycemic (cuam tshuam nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib) coma 40% kua nplaum tov yog tso rau hauv cov leeg hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 10-40 ml, qee zaum txog li 100 ml, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv.
Kev kho cov ntshav qog ntshav qab zib (txo cov ntshav qab zib) hauv cov mob hnyav tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm kev siv tshuaj intramuscular lossis subcutaneous ntawm glucagon.

Nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm subcutaneous ntawm insulin npaj, lipodystrophy (txo qis ntawm adipose nqaij hauv cov nqaij subcutaneous) yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Niaj hnub ua kom huv si insulin npaj tsis tshua muaj kev ua xua tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, cov rooj plaub zoo li no tsis raug cais. Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov muaj mob tsis haum yuav tsum tau ua kom sai (tiv thaiv los yog tiv thaiv kev fab tshuaj) kev kho thiab hloov tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev siv tshuaj insulin yog cov kab mob uas tshwm sim nrog hypoglycemia, kab mob siab, mob ntsws, mob hemolytic jaundice (mob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ua kua rau ntawm lub qhov muag los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntshav liab), pancreatitis (mob rau lub raum), mob nephritis (mob rau lub raum) mob raum cuam tshuam nrog cuam tshuam protein / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, mob plab thiab duodenal mob, decompensated plawv tsis zoo (lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm vim lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm kab mob ntawm nws li qub).

Kev ceeb toom loj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txhim kho lub cev tsis txaus (ib qho tsis sib xws ntawm lub siab xav tau oxygen thiab nws txoj kev xa mus) thiab lub hlwb puas | ntshav ncig.
Ceev faj yog qhov tsim nyog thaum siv tshuaj insulin hauv cov neeg mob qog mob qog, Addison's kab mob (tsis ua haujlwm hauv adrenal tsis txaus), thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.

Cev xeeb tub insulin kho yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo.
Nyob rau thawj peb lub hlis thaum cev xeeb tub, qhov xav tau rau insulin feem ntau poob qis me ntsis thiab nce hauv lub thib ob thiab thib peb feem plaub.
Alpha-adrenergic blockers thiab beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates nce lub tso pa tawm ntawm endogenous (kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsim) insulin.
Thiazide diupetics (diuretics), beta-blockers, cawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav qab zib tsawg.

Sib cuam tshuam nrog
lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab
los ntawm txoj kev:

Kev ua haujlwm hypoglycemic ntawm insulin yog kho dua qhov ncauj hypoglycemic tshuaj, Mao inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, xim beta-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic steroids, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, lithium, tshuaj muaj ethanol Cov.

Hypoglycemic nyhuv ntawm insulin tsis muaj zog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum, tshuaj corticosteroids, cov thyroid hormones, thiazide diuretics, heparin, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, calcium channel blockers, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nicotine.

Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm reserpine thiab salicylates, ob qho tib si ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab nce ntxiv hauv kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Cov tshuaj muaj thiol lossis sulfite, thaum ntxiv rau hauv insulin, ua rau nws rhuav tshem.

Thaum cev xeeb tub, hom tshuaj insulin, nws cov koob tshuaj thiab kev tswj hwm tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob koom nrog.
Yog hais tias qhov pib xaiv qhov tseeb ntawm kev kho mob tsis haum, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob dua thiab xaiv, qhov kawg, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho mob.

Cov tsos mob : cov leeg tsis muaj zog, lub teeb ua kom tsis muaj zog, kev tshaib kev nqhis, kev hais lus tsis zoo, pallor, loog ntawm cov ntiv tes, tshee tshee, ua rau lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag, qhov muag plooj, mob taub hau, nquag quaj, zom, ua kom yoog, tsis nco qab, tsim txom los sis ntxhov siab, kev ua tsis tau, tonic lossis clonic. thiab thaum kawg, coma.

Kev kho mob rau qhov mob hypoglycemic yuav tsum tau pib tam sim ntawd.
Hauv cov xwm txheej me, nws yog qhov txaus kom muab sab hauv tshuaj yej qab zib, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zib ntab.
Nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tsis nco qab (tsis nco qab lawm) tam sim ntawd hno cov kua qab zib (10-20 ml ntawm 20-40% piam thaj).
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov ntshav qabzib, nws raug pom zoo kom tswj hwm 0.001-0.002 g ntawm glucagon lossis 0.5 ml ntawm 0.1% daws ntawm adrenaline hydrochloride hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
Nws yuav tsum tau yug los rau hauv lub siab tias nrog kev qhia txog adrenaline, kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim - palpitations, tshee tshee, nce ntshav siab, ntxhov siab, thiab lwm yam.

Cov koob txhaj tshuaj insulin muaj nyob rau hauv iav vials hermetically kaw nrog roj hmab nres nrog aluminium so-hauv.
Hauv cov hwj 10 ml, hauv ib lub thawv 5 pcs lossis hauv penfill (cartridges) 1.5 thiab 3 ml rau koob txhaj tshuaj .

Cov tshuaj insulin (ob lub vials thiab daim cartridges) uas tsis siv, yuav tsum muab cia rau 2-8 ° C hauv qhov chaw tsaus , i.e. hauv lub tub yees (zoo dua rau hauv qab txee), deb ntawm lub tub yees.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no, lawv khaws lawv cov khoom siv roj ntsha thiab aseptic kom txog thaum txee lub neej qhia ntawm pob. Yuav tsum tsis muaj cov tshuaj insulin thaum ya nrog lub dav hlau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua kom txias.
Kub dhau lawm cia qhov kub yuav ua rau txo qis qis hauv kev ua haujlwm lom neeg hauv tshuaj. Kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha tseem cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, nrawm dua qhov ploj ntawm cov kev ua lom neeg los ntawm 100 zaug.
Cov pob tshab kua dej ua kom tsis haum yuav ua rau muaj zog thiab ua huab Cov. Granules thiab flakes daim ntawv hauv ib qho kev ncua ntawm cov kua dej. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tshav kub thiab lub caij nyoog sib cais ua rau nrawm txheej txheem no.

Lub khob tshuaj insulin uas tus neeg mob siv tau tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv chav tsev tsis pub dhau 25 ° C, hauv qhov chaw tsaus txog li 6 lub lis piam. Lub sijhawm no raug txo mus rau 4 lub lis piam thaum siv Penfill cartridges, vim tias cov koob txhaj tshuaj syringe feem ntau nqa hauv koj lub hnab ris thaum kub ze rau lub cev kub. Vials ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem muab cia rau hauv tub yees rau 3 lub hlis tom qab thawj zaug siv thawj zaug.

Siv dej khov insulin tsis tuaj yeem siv tom qab yaj tas. Nov yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev ncua. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom khov, muaju lossis lwm cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke thiab tsis yaj tom qab yaj, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv homogeneous dua. Yog li, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg tau nce ntau.

Cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tom qab yaj. Cov kab mob ua rau tsis tuaj yeem siv tsis tau thaum qhov hloov pauv, ua haujlwm lossis lub ntsej muag ntawm cov seem cuam tshuam.
Kev tshem tawm tshuaj insulin, uas tom qab sib tov tsis ua rau qhov sib cais tsis ntwm los yog muaj lumps, fibers, hloov xim, tsis zoo rau kev siv.

1 ml ntawm kev daws lossis ncua kev kawm feem ntau muaj 40 units.
Raws li cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, cov kua dej insulin yog cais tawm ntawm cov tsiaj ua kua thiab ua kom sib xyaw ua ke siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim tawm engineering.

Raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua kom huv, kev npaj tshuaj insulin los ntawm cov tsiaj cov nqaij tau muab faib ua monopic (MP) thiab monocomponent (MK).
Tam sim no tau los ntawm npua npua, lawv muaj ntxiv nrog cov ntawv C (SMP - nqaij npuas monopic, SMK - nqaij npuas monocomponent), nyuj - tsab ntawv G (nqaij nyug: GMP - nqaij nyuj monopick, GMK - nqaij nyug monocomponent).
Kev tiv thaiv tib neeg ntawm insulin yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv C.

Ua raws li lub sijhawm ua ntawm kev ua, insulins tau muab faib ua:
- Kev npaj luv insulin npaj : pib ntawm kev ua tom qab 15-30 feeb, qhov kawg siab ua tom qab 1 / 2-2 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev txiav txim 4-6 teev,
- ntev insulin npaj suav nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ua (pib tom qab 1 / 2-2 teev, ncov tom qab 3-12 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm 8-12 teev), tshuaj nrog ntev ntev (pib tom qab 4-8 teev, ncov tom qab 8-18 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm 20-30 teev).

Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib qho mob hnyav uas yog mob ntev ntev. Lub cev ua rau neeg ua rau lub cev ntawm cov endocrine system uas tsim cov tshuaj insulin tseem ceeb heev. Cov tshuaj Insulin nqa tawm ntawm kev pauv ntawm cov piam thaj, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub hlwb thiab tag nrho lub cev ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, tus txiav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis xws luag. Yog li, tus neeg mob yuav tsum haus cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua. Feem ntau, muaj cov tshuaj txaus. Tab sis ib qho ntshav qab zib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj insulin tsis tu ncua.

Kev Kho Mob

Hom mob ntshav qab zib me me tuaj yeem kho nrog kev noj haus kom zoo xwb. Tab sis ntau zaus cov neeg mob yuav tsum noj tshuaj. Cov mob ntshav qab zib hnyav tshaj plaws - ib hom tshuaj insulin-cuam tshuam - tshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 10-15% ntawm cov mob ntawm tus mob. Tab sis ib hom muaj peev xwm tig mus rau lwm qhov.

Cov neeg mob uas muaj hom mob ntshav qab zib insulin feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tshuaj insulin mus tas lub neej. Feem ntau nws tau synthesized bovine lossis nqaij npuas insulin, uas muaj ntau yam impurities. Qhov no cais qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg mob insulin los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg tus txiav ua ke.

Sab sij huam

Thaum siv cov tshuaj insulin los tswj kev tswj hwm lub xeev ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib, ib yam li txhua yam kev kho mob, kev cuam tshuam ntawm insulin tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj, tab sis qee qhov kev qhia pom hnyav heev.

Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis kam txhaj tshuaj insulin. Nws yog txaus ntshai rau nws lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsuas yog xaiv cov tshuaj uas yog kom haum rau tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, hloov mus rau kev ua kom muaj cov tshuaj insulin tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm qhov tsis xav tau. Yog tias qhov no tsis pab, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob yuav tsum yauv mus khomob ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis kam txhaj tshuaj rau tus mob ntshav qab zib nrog kev tiv thaiv insulin-hom mob uas siv tsis tau.

Lub cev muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj

Thaum txhaj cov tshuaj insulin, ntau yam phiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm kev kho mob. Qhov no yog yam mob pathological uas tau pom los ntawm cov ntshav cov piam thaj hauv qab ib txwm. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau. Ib tug neeg lub plawv dhia nrawm, txhawj xeeb thiab ntshai tshwm sim, pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog soj ntsuam. Kiv taub hau, tsaus muag, tawm hws ntau thiab tshee hnyo yuav ua tau. Muaj qhov kev xav ntau dua ntawm kev tshaib plab, uas yuav tsum tau tso kom tsawg los ua kom tus neeg mob tus mob (nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov carbohydrates ceev). Feem ntau ntawm cov mob loj tshaj, qaug dab peg qaug dab peg, tsis nco qab thiab txoj kev tuag yog ua tau.

Lwm cov kev mob tshwm sim yog kev fab tshuaj rau cov insulin. Nws yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Nws yog feem ntau ntxiv los ntawm ntaub so ntswg atrophy ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Somoji syndrome yog posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav cov ntshav ua rau lub cev tsis ua yam xav tsis zoo rau tus mob ntshav qab zib.

Lipodystrophy yog pathology ntawm subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, uas ua rau nws tus kheej ploj nws ploj lossis ntau dhau heev lawm. Nws raug nquahu kom hloov chaw txhaj tshuaj ntau dua.

Insulin edema - ntau zaus tshwm sim thaum pib kho, tab sis thaum kawg kuj dhau mus. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho.

Vim li cas thiaj li xav tau los kho tus mob ntshav qab zib kom tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj insulin. Thiab ua li cas cov kev cai nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob.

Cov tshuaj insulin yog cov tshuaj rau kev daws mob ntshav qab zib, lub hauv paus ntawm nws yog qhov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub txiav. Cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nco thaum sau daim ntawv tshuaj no. Cov ntawv Latin yuav tsum tsuas yog kws kho mob sau tseg.

Kws Tshuaj

Cov tshuaj insulin, nyob hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, yog yam tshuaj uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov metabolism hauv kev ua zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev, ua kom cov ntshav qab zib tsawg thiab pab kom cov piam thaj nqus. Vim lub cev tsis txaus los ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov txiav, los yog rov ua dua, tus neeg tshaj yuav pib xav tau nws los ntawm sab nraud.

Qhov khoom siv no yog tsim los kho rau cov hom phiaj los ntawm cov neeg quav yeeb ntawm nyuj, npua thiab ua tsaug rau txoj kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim kho caj ces.

Kev ntsuas rau siv

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin yog siv ua tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (hom 1) thiab nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob endocrine (siv insulin rau hom ntshav qab zib 2).

Kev siv tshuaj insulin luv luv yog siv los txo cov ntshav qab zib nyob hauv qee hom schizophrenia, kev txhim kho ntawm furunculosis, thiab kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Thiab tseem muaj tus kab mob siab ntev thiab thaum pib ua mob rau daim siab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, insulin yog tus kws kho mob ua kom muaj qhov hnyav (kom qhov hnyav hauv lub cev), rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsis zoo thiab nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus.

Kev siv cov tshuaj insulin yog cov yam ntxwv ua tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj polarizable siv rau kev kho mob rau cov ntshav txhaws.

Yuav thov li cas

Kev siv cov tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia ntawm nws mus rau hauv cov leeg nqaij lossis hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav (nyob rau ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ua kom tsis hnov ​​qab) txoj leeg.

Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov tau tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yog kho raws tus kheej raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, suav nrog theem ntawm cov piam thaj, cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav, nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog uas nws tau pom zoo kom tham tsuas yog hais txog cov cai nruab nrab. Thiab rau lo lus nug, ntawm dab tsi cov kua qab zib insulin yog txhaj, peb tsuas tuaj yeem hais kwv yees li - 12 mmol / litre.

Cov koob tshuaj xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau ntshav qab zib yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 txog 40 units hauv ib hnub. Nrog rau qhov tsis nco qab ntawm qhov mob ntshav qab zib, kev siv cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem muab xam rau ib hnub tsis tshaj 100 units (subcutaneously) thiab tsis ntau tshaj 50 units nrog kev tswj hwm tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.

Rau lwm cov kev qhia, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug sau nyob rau hauv me me li - 5-10 units ib hnub.

Rau kev siv cov tshuaj insulin, cov koob txhaj tshuaj uas siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov tshwj xeeb, nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj, cov thev naus laus zis uas koom nrog txhaj puv ntawm cov ncauj lus kom tswj tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj.

Thaum muab cov tshuaj tso tawm rau hauv kev ncua, nws raug nquahu kom co cov ncauj lus ntawm lub raj mis ua ntej txhaws rau hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj.

Rau cov ntshav qab zib, cov tshuaj piav qhia yog siv hauv 2-3 koob. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tau ua tiav 30 feeb ua ntej pib kev noj mov. Koob tshuaj ib zaug hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj yuav pib tom qab 60 feeb nrog sijhawm ntev txog 4-8 teev. Qhia cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv txoj hlab ntsha pib nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tom qab 30 feeb, thaum txo cov suab thaj rau tom qab ib teev lossis ob teev.

Tso Tawm Cov Ntawv

Cov tshuaj tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj kev daws teeb meem, ncua kev kawm, hauv lub hwj, hauv qee qhov cartridges (cartridges, cartridges thiab systems uas siv rau lawv qhov kev siv hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj).

Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj txhaj tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov iav tsis muaj menyuam hauv cov nyiaj ntawm 5 thiab 10 ml, qhov haujlwm ntawm qhov ntawd, raws li txoj cai, muaj los ntawm 20 txog 100 units hauv 1 ml ntawm cov kua.

Cov tshuaj no yog hmoov dawb nrog cov ntsiab lus leej faj txog li 3.1%.

Kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog kua dawb-daj nrog kua pH ntawm 2 txog 3.5. Los ua kev daws teeb meem, cov hmoov nyoos tau yaj hauv dej tshwj xeeb rau kev txhaj tshuaj, nrog ntxiv ntawm HCI acid, glycerin thiab tov ntawm phenol lossis tricresol rau kev khaws cia.

Kev ncua ntawm lub sij hawm raug ntev tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw muag tshuaj nrog cov hwj ntawm 5 thiab 10 ml. Txhua lub hauv paus zoo li no kaw kom nruj nrog lub hau rubberized dov ntawm lub taub hau txhuas.

Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj

Mob nyhav, mob raum, mob leeg, mob raum, mob raum pob zeb, mob rwj ntawm lub plab thiab duodenum, decompensated mob plawv.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Ceev faj hauv kev siv tshuaj insulin yog qhov tsim nyog thaum sau tshuaj rau cov neeg mob kev mob plawv tsis txaus thiab cerebrovascular kev sib tsoo.

Thaum siv cov tshuaj ntawm lub sijhawm ntev hauv kev txuas nrog lub peev xwm hloov pauv ntawm ib tus neeg hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev qhia ntawm cov nyiaj no, nws raug nquahu kom kawm 3-4 pluas ntawm cov zis rau qab zib, niaj hnub tso zis rau qab zib, ntxiv rau qib ntshav qabzib. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom paub meej cov sij hawm ntawm insulin tswj hwm, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub sijhawm ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hypoglycemic nyhuv.

Kev siv lub cev ntev insulin npaj tsis tsim nyog (vim yog lub qeeb ntawm cov nyhuv) rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov mob predomatous thiab comatose hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua dej yog nce ntxiv nrog kev tswj hwm ua ke.

Kev Sib Sau thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev tso tawm

Cov tshuaj insulin

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog tso tawm hauv cov dej tsis huv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 5 ml thiab 10 ml, kev ua haujlwm ntawm 20 PIECES, 40 PIECES lossis 80 PIECES hauv 1 ml ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev siv kho mob yog cov hmoov dawb hygroscopic, soluble hauv dej, tau los ntawm kev txiav ntawm cov txiav ntawm cov tsiaj txhu tua tsiaj (tsiaj insulin) lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Muaj 3.1% leej faj.

Cov kua dej hauv cov kua dej yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb, tsis muaj kob lossis daj daj kua qaub ua kua (pH 2.0–3.5), uas tau npaj los ntawm diluting crystalline insulin hauv dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj, acidified nrog hydrochloric acid nrog sib ntxiv ntawm 0.25-0.3% kev daws teeb meem, lossis lub kaus poom.

Ncua-tso kev tshem tawm raug tso tawm hauv cov tsis muaj menyuam mos 5 ml thiab 10 ml vials, hermetically kaw nrog cov roj hmab nres nrog cov kaus mom sib tw khiav hauv txhuas.

Txee lub neej thiab chaw cia khoom

Khaws nrog ceev faj (sau B) ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1-10 ° C, cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum tsis pub khov.

Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog 2 xyoos.

Kev npaj tshuaj insulin

Swinsulin - ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm crystalline insulin tau los ntawm pancreas ntawm npua. Cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab yog siv rau hauv cov neeg mob nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau los ntawm kev mob siab ntawm nyuj.

Monosuinsulin - Kev npaj luv luv uas muaj cov kab ntsig crystalline porcine insulin muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thiab txo qis qab zib. Nws yog siv rau cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam, lipodystrophy, hauv zos thiab dav dav kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev hno ntawm lwm yam tshuaj insulin npaj. Monosuinsulin yog muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly 15-20 feeb ua ntej noj mov, ib qho rau ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Qhov kev txiav txim tshwm sim tom qab 15-20 feeb, cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tau tiav tom qab 2 teev, lub sijhawm siv tshuaj ntau dua tsis pub dhau 6 teev. Thaum muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum, kev sim tshuaj rau tus kabmob (0.02-0.04 U) yog ua tiav ua ntej thov monosuinsulin. Nrog lipodystrophy, txoj kev daws teeb meem yog tswj hwm subcutaneously ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov phom sij ntawm cov roj ntsha subcutaneous: hauv cov menyuam yaus, 2-4 pawg, rau cov laus, 4-8 units hla 30-40 hnub. Yog tias tsim nyog, rov qab kho dua. Thaum tus neeg noj ntau dhau, ua rau nws tshaib plab, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, tsis pom kev, dias taub hau (mob ntshav qab zib) muaj peev xwm ua tau. Ceev faj yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus, cerebrovascular kev huam yuaj.

Kev raug ncua nrog kev ncua ntawm amorphous thiab crystalline zinc-insulin.

Raug tshem tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm amorphous hmoov hauv acetate tsis nrog lub sijhawm 10-12 teev thiab cov nyhuv siab tshaj plaws thaum thawj 7 teev.

Kev ncua kev ncua ncua ntawm cov kab mob crystalline insulin hauv acetate tsis, ib qho yeeb tshuaj nrog kev pab txog li 36 teev, qhov siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim 16-20 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm.

Kev tshem tawm qog ntshav ntawm insulin muaju hauv cov khoom muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv phosphate tsis.

10 ml vials, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: insulin - 40 PIECES, zinc chloride - 0.08 mg, triprotamine - 0.8 ml, piam thaj - 40 mg, disubstituted sodium phosphate - txog 4 mg, tricresol - 3 mg.

Ib qho tshuaj siv ntev, hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib qho tshuaj ib txwm muaj thiab Triprotamine-zinc-insulin.

Nyias tshem tawm ntawm cov xim dawb. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ncua, piv nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev tawm tsam, yog qhov pib qeeb thiab pib ntev.

Kev tsis haum rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm crystalline insulin, protamine, zinc chloride thiab sodium phosphate, tshuaj ntawm kev ncua ntev.

Cov tshuaj insulin ntev ntev nrog kev ntxiv ntawm aminoquinocarbamide hydrochloride.

Insulin cov kev tshem tawm ntev - amorphous nqaij npuas insulin sib xyaw nrog zinc thiab crystalline nyuj insulin hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog zinc (hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 7). Cov tshuaj yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev, yog tswj hwm subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly nrog cov mob ntshav qab zib rau mob hnyav thiab hnyav. Cov suab thaj txo qis tshwm sim hauv 2-4 teev, mus txog qhov siab kawg ntawm kev ua hauv 8-10 teev thiab kav ntev li 20-24 teev. Koob tshuaj thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov hno ib hnub tau teeb tsa ua ib leeg zuj zus, suav nrog cov piam thaj hauv zis nyob rau txawv sijhawm ntawm hnub, ntshav qab zib cov qib. Cov tshuaj tsis siv rau kev mob ntshav qab zib tsis xeev thiab precomatous lub xeev. Yog tias dhau ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau, lub xeev hypoglycemic thiab kev ua xua (urticaria, tawm pob, ua pob khaus, Quincke's edema) yuav tshwm sim.

Insulin semilong raug tshem tawm - muaj cov roj npuas amorphous nyob rau hauv kev txuam nrog zinc. Cov tshuaj yog qhov tshwm sim ntev. Siv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm mob hnyav thiab daim ntawv hnyav, nrog rau nruab hnub hyperglycemia thiab glucosuria, tswj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly. Cov nyhuv yog pom tom qab 1-1.5 teev, qhov haujlwm siab tshaj plaws - tom qab 5-8 teev. Lub sijhawm tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yog 10-12 teev.

Insulin Ultralong Kev Raug Txwv - muaj crystalline nyuj insulin hauv complex nrog zinc. Ua ntawv thov subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly mob ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm mob hnyav thiab daim ntawv hnyav, nyob hauv ib nrab thib ob ntawm hmo ntuj thiab thaum sawv ntxov ntxov. Kev txo qis qab zib cov txiaj ntsig yog pom tom qab 6-8 teev. Ntev 30-36 teev.

(Insulinum) - cov protein ntau phaus uas muaj ceeb thawj, qhov tshuaj hormones tsim los ntawm cov mam txiav npluav ntshav, yog cov kab mob zais (cov oph-hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsws ua kua ntawm Langerhans).

Frederick Bunting, Charles Best, thiab James Collip xub tau txais insulin los ntawm tsiaj cov tawv nqaij thaum xyoo 1921.

Cov tshuaj Insulin yog ib qho kev tswj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj metabolism hauv plhaws, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hexokinases uas txhawb nqa kev siv ntshav qabzib - nws nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg (feem ntau cov leeg) thiab kev sib xyaw, thiab tseem ua rau cov synthesis ntawm glycogen los ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov nqaij thiab hauv lub siab, thiab inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Ib qho dej qab zib uas qis dua ntawm 0.045 mg ntawm cov kua roj insulin crystalline yog coj ua ib pawg ua haujlwm (IU) (40 IU muaj nyob hauv 1 ml ntawm ib qho tshuaj insulin).

Kev ua rau txoj kev kho mob thiab qhov xav tau ntawm insulin hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus yog txuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob no hauv kev sib pauv ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog. Qhov no yog ua kom pom tseeb hauv kev txhim kho cov kev mob ntawm cov neeg mob, txo qis ntshav qab zib, txo qis lossis tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm glucosuria thiab acetonuria, zoo li hauv kev ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus (furunculosis, polyneuritis, polyarthritis, thiab lwm yam).

Cov tshuaj insulin yog yooj yim adsorbed los ntawm kaolin, ua kom cov pa roj carbon thiab lwm yam adsorbents, nws yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej, alkalis, kua qaub thiab cov cawv qaug zog, insoluble hauv 96% cawv, acetone thiab ether.

Qhov tshuaj hormones tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua ntawm hnub ci (UV hluav taws xob), txo cov neeg ua hauj lawm thiab cov kab mob oxidizing, thiab nws tau yooj yim rhuav tshem los ntawm proteolytic enzymes (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog trypsin).Kev ntsuas sov ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nyob ntawm pH ntawm qhov nruab nrab - hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm acid acid, insulin tuaj yeem tiv taus ib kub npau npau rau ib teev, qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem yog ntau tsawg dua.

Kev tsim tshuaj insulin

Txoj kev dav dav tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov tsiaj insulin los ntawm cov kua ntses ntawm npua thiab nyuj yog cov hauv qab no (cov tuam ntxhab sib txawv muaj ntau txoj kev hloov kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb):

1. Thawj qhov kev rho tawm ntawm cov dej qab ua kom zoo nkauj nrog rau dej cawv acid.
2. Kev tso dej caw ntawm cov cawv tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, ua kom tsis zoo thiab rov ua kom yaj hauv 80% cawv, los ntawm cov roj ntsha insulin precipitates nrog cov cawv lossis ether.
3. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov dej ua kua insulin hauv dej distilled thiab nws txoj kev huv tom qab siv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no: nag lossis daus los ntawm cov kua dej qab ntsev, dej nag ntawm insulin picrate nrog picric acid, dej nag ntawm insulin ntawm isoelectric point los ntawm kev daws nrog pH = 5.0, adsorption rau ntawm kaolin lossis cov roj carbon activated.

Ob hom tshuaj insulin (feem ntau chloride) thiab insulin hauv paus tuaj yeem npaj tau.

Qhov tshuaj insulin yog ib qho kev txiav ntshav qab zib. , muaj lub peev xwm los tswj cov metabolism hauv kev ua kom yuag, ua kom cov nqaij mos ntawm cov piam thaj thiab txhawb nws txoj kev hloov mus rau hauv glycogen, kuj pab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov piam thaj rau hauv cov nqaij mos.
Ntxiv rau cov nyhuv hypoglycemic (txo qis ntshav qab zib), insulin muaj ntau yam teebmeem: nws nce cov nqaij glycogen khw muag khoom noj, txhawb peptide synthesis, txo kev noj protein, thiab lwm yam.

Kev tsim tawm rau cov kua dej yog los nrog kev tsa los yog inhibition (inhibition) ntawm qee yam enzymes , glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase yog qhov ua kom muaj zog, lipase ua kom muaj roj ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, lipoprotein lipase, txo cov ntshav txhaws tom qab noj mov ntau hauv cov rog, yog inhibited.
Qhov ntsuas ntawm biosynthesis thiab kev zais zais (zais zis) ntawm cov kua dej yog nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.
Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv nws cov ntsiab lus, lub tso pa ntawm insulin los ntawm tus kab mob nce ntxiv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov kev poob qis hauv cov concentration ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau cov kua dej insulin ploj mus.

Hauv kev siv ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm nws kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv zos ntawm lub plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm tes, thiab tsim muaj cov insulin receptor complex.
Cov tshuaj insulin hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj insulin nkag mus hauv lub cell , qhov twg nws cuam tshuam phospholation ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm cev, cov kev ua kom lub ntsej muag tsis tshua to taub.
Insulin yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, vim nws txo qis hyperglycemia (kev nce ntshav hauv cov ntshav qabzib) thiab glycosuria (muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov zis), rov ua rau lub qog ntawm glycogen hauv lub siab thiab cov leeg, txo cov ntshav qabzib ntau, thiab alleviates lipemia (muaj cov rog hauv cov ntshav) , txhim kho kev mob ntawm tus neeg mob .

Cov tshuaj insulin rau kev siv kho mob yog tau los ntawm kev mob siab ntawm nyuj thiab npua Cov. Muaj txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, tab sis nws nkag tsis tau.
Tsis ntev los no tsim cov txheej txheem biotechnological rau kev tsim tib neeg cov kua dej. Cov insulin tau los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acid series ntawm tib neeg cov insulin.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov tshuaj insulin tau txais los ntawm tus tsiaj ntawm lub cev, ntau yam tsis txaus (proinsulin, glucagon, tus kheej-statin, cov protein, polypeptides, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj vim qhov tsis huv txaus.
Tsis zoo lim cov tshuaj tua kab mob insulin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj ntau.

Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau purified (monopic - chromatographically purified nrog kev tso tawm ntawm "ncov" ntawm cov kua dej), ua kom huv (monocomponent) thiab crystallized insulin npaj.
Tam sim no, crystalline tib neeg cov tshuaj insulin yog nce siv.
Ntawm insulin npaj ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm, kev nyiam yog muab rau cov tshuaj insulin uas tau los ntawm kab mob qog npua ntawm npua.

Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm insulin yog txiav txim siab biologically (los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm txo cov ntshav qab zib hauv luav zoo) thiab ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub cev (electrophoresis rau ntawm daim ntawv lossis cov ntawv chromatography ntawm daim ntawv). Rau ib chav ua haujlwm (IU), lossis thoob ntiaj teb (IE), coj cov haujlwm ntawm 0.04082 mg ntawm cov kua roj insulin crystalline.

Qhov tseem ceeb qhia txog kev siv tshuaj insulin yog hom I ntshav qab zib mellitus (insulin-dependant), tab sis nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej nws kuj tau sau tseg rau hom II mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (non-insulin-dependant).

Hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib siv cov tshuaj insulin npaj ntawm cov sijhawm ua haujlwm sib txawv .
Cov tshuaj insulin luv luv kuj tseem nyob hauv qee lwm cov txheej txheem pathological ua rau lub xeev hypoglycemic (txo qis ntshav qab zib) hauv qee yam mob schizophrenia, raws li tus neeg anabolic (txhim kho protein synthesis) tus neeg sawv cev nrog kev tso pa tawm dav dav, tsis muaj zaub mov noj, furunculosis (ntau yam purulent o ntawm daim tawv nqaij), thyrotoxicosis (mob qog) mob qog), hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub plab (atony / poob suab / / mob plab / mob plab / prolapse ntawm lub plab /), mob siab ntev (mob rau daim siab ua mob), pib ua mob rau daim siab ua paug, thiab tivthaiv "polarizing" dlaws siv los kho mob coronary insufficiency (mismatch ntawm mob oxygen thov thiab nws tus me nyuam).

Kev xaiv cov tshuaj insulin rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yog nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob, qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm tus neeg mob, nrog rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov pib thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov nyhuv hypoglycemic ntawm cov tshuaj.
Qhov tau teem caij xub thawj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thiab tsim kev txhaj tshuaj yog zoo dua nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob (tsev kho mob).

Kev npaj ua yeeb yam luv luv - cov no yog cov kev daws teeb meem rau subcutaneous lossis intramuscular thawj coj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv kuj raug tswj hwm hauv lub cev khov kho.
Lawv muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thiab luv luv cov suab thaj txo cov nyhuv.
Feem ntau lawv muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly 15-20 feeb ua ntej noj mov los ntawm ib qho mus rau ntau zaus thaum nruab hnub.
Cov nyhuv tom qab txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous tshwm sim hauv 15-20 feeb, nce mus txog qhov siab kawg tom qab 2 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev txiav txim tsis tshaj 6 teev.
Lawv siv feem ntau hauv tsev kho mob los tsim cov koob tshuaj insulin tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob, nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm kev hloov pauv sai sai hauv lub cev - muaj ntshav qab zib tsis nco qab thiab precom (ua tiav lossis ib feem ntawm qhov tsis nco qab vim muaj cov ntshav qab zib sai sai) Cov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev npaj tshuaj insulin luv luv yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev anabolic thiab raug xaj, raws li txoj cai, hauv kev txhaj tshuaj me (4-8 units 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub).

Siv sijhawm ntev (ua haujlwm ntev) insulin npaj muaj nyob hauv ntau daim ntawv qhia cov tshuaj sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suab thaj txo cov txiaj ntsig (semylong, ntev, ultralong).
Rau cov tshuaj sib txawv, cov nyhuv kav ntev li 10 mus rau 36 teev.
Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj no, koj tuaj yeem txo qis cov tshuaj txhaj txhua hnub.
Lawv feem ntau tsim tawm hauv kev ncua hauv kev ncua. (kev txwv ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov kua), tswj kev tsuas yog subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly, kev tso ntshav tshuaj tsis pub. Hauv kev mob ntshav qab zib tsis nco qab thiab precomatous, ntev lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tsis siv.

Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj insulin, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub sijhawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig qab zib kom qis tshaj plaws yuav ua rau lub sijhawm koj noj nws.
Yog tias tsim nyog, 2 cov tshuaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev tuaj yeem muab rau hauv ib leeg.
Qee tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis ntev xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceev ceev ntawm cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav.Lawv yuav tsum sau cov tshuaj insulin ntev thiab luv luv.
Feem ntau cov tshuaj muaj yeeb ntev li tau muab ua ntej noj tshais txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog, kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm.

Txhua qhov kev npaj rau insulin yog siv ua raws kev noj haus.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog nqi sau (los ntawm 1700 txog 3000 khal) yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev qhov hnyav thaum lub sijhawm kho, los ntawm hom haujlwm. Yog li, nrog kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg thiab lub zog ua haujlwm hnyav, tus naj npawb ntawm cov calories uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau ib hnub rau tus neeg mob yog tsawg kawg 3000, nrog kev noj zaub mov ntau thiab kev ua neej nyob rau sedentary, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2000.

Cov kev qhia ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau lawm, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev noj haus ntawm cov carbohydrates nrog zaub mov, tuaj yeem ua rau lub xeev hypoglycemic (txo cov ntshav qab zib) nrog rau kev xav txog kev tshaib plab, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, tshee tshee ntawm lub cev, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, mob caj dab, mob euphoria (causeless kev txaus siab) lossis kev nruj kev tsiv.
Tom qab, hypoglycemic coma tuaj yeem txhim kho (tsis nco qab, tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ua tiav tsis muaj kev tawm tsam lub cev rau qhov kev xav sab nraud vim tias cov ntshav qab zib txo qis) nrog poob ntawm kev nco qab, qaug dab peg, thiab ib qho kev poob ntawm lub plawv dhia.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub xeev hypoglycemic, cov neeg mob yuav tsum haus dej qab zib lossis noj ob peb daim qab zib.

Nrog hypoglycemic (cuam tshuam nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib) coma 40% kua nplaum tov yog tso rau hauv cov leeg hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 10-40 ml, qee zaum txog li 100 ml, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv.
Kev kho cov ntshav qog ntshav qab zib (txo cov ntshav qab zib) hauv cov mob hnyav tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm kev siv tshuaj intramuscular lossis subcutaneous ntawm glucagon.

Nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm subcutaneous ntawm insulin npaj, lipodystrophy (txo qis ntawm adipose nqaij hauv cov nqaij subcutaneous) yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Niaj hnub ua kom huv si insulin npaj tsis tshua muaj kev ua xua tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, cov rooj plaub zoo li no tsis raug cais. Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov muaj mob tsis haum yuav tsum tau ua kom sai (tiv thaiv los yog tiv thaiv kev fab tshuaj) kev kho thiab hloov tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev siv tshuaj insulin yog cov kab mob uas tshwm sim nrog hypoglycemia, kab mob siab, mob ntsws, mob hemolytic jaundice (mob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ua kua rau ntawm lub qhov muag los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntshav liab), pancreatitis (mob rau lub raum), mob nephritis (mob rau lub raum) mob raum cuam tshuam nrog cuam tshuam protein / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, mob plab thiab duodenal mob, decompensated plawv tsis zoo (lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm vim lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm kab mob ntawm nws li qub).

Kev ceeb toom loj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txhim kho lub cev tsis txaus (ib qho tsis sib xws ntawm lub siab xav tau oxygen thiab nws txoj kev xa mus) thiab lub hlwb puas | ntshav ncig.
Ceev faj yog qhov tsim nyog thaum siv tshuaj insulin hauv cov neeg mob qog mob qog, Addison's kab mob (tsis ua haujlwm hauv adrenal tsis txaus), thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.

Cev xeeb tub insulin kho yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo.
Nyob rau thawj peb lub hlis thaum cev xeeb tub, qhov xav tau rau insulin feem ntau poob qis me ntsis thiab nce hauv lub thib ob thiab thib peb feem plaub.
Alpha-adrenergic blockers thiab beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates nce lub tso pa tawm ntawm endogenous (kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsim) insulin.
Thiazide diupetics (diuretics), beta-blockers, cawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav qab zib tsawg.

Sib cuam tshuam nrog
lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab
los ntawm txoj kev:

Kev ua haujlwm hypoglycemic ntawm insulin yog kho dua qhov ncauj hypoglycemic tshuaj, Mao inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, xim beta-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic steroids, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, lithium, tshuaj muaj ethanol Cov.

Hypoglycemic nyhuv ntawm insulin tsis muaj zog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum, tshuaj corticosteroids, cov thyroid hormones, thiazide diuretics, heparin, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, calcium channel blockers, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nicotine.

Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm reserpine thiab salicylates, ob qho tib si ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab nce ntxiv hauv kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Cov tshuaj muaj thiol lossis sulfite, thaum ntxiv rau hauv insulin, ua rau nws rhuav tshem.

Thaum cev xeeb tub, hom tshuaj insulin, nws cov koob tshuaj thiab kev tswj hwm tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob koom nrog.
Yog hais tias qhov pib xaiv qhov tseeb ntawm kev kho mob tsis haum, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob dua thiab xaiv, qhov kawg, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho mob.

Cov tsos mob : cov leeg tsis muaj zog, lub teeb ua kom tsis muaj zog, kev tshaib kev nqhis, kev hais lus tsis zoo, pallor, loog ntawm cov ntiv tes, tshee tshee, ua rau lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag, qhov muag plooj, mob taub hau, nquag quaj, zom, ua kom yoog, tsis nco qab, tsim txom los sis ntxhov siab, kev ua tsis tau, tonic lossis clonic. thiab thaum kawg, coma.

Kev kho mob rau qhov mob hypoglycemic yuav tsum tau pib tam sim ntawd.
Hauv cov xwm txheej me, nws yog qhov txaus kom muab sab hauv tshuaj yej qab zib, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zib ntab.
Nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tsis nco qab (tsis nco qab lawm) tam sim ntawd hno cov kua qab zib (10-20 ml ntawm 20-40% piam thaj).
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov ntshav qabzib, nws raug pom zoo kom tswj hwm 0.001-0.002 g ntawm glucagon lossis 0.5 ml ntawm 0.1% daws ntawm adrenaline hydrochloride hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
Nws yuav tsum tau yug los rau hauv lub siab tias nrog kev qhia txog adrenaline, kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim - palpitations, tshee tshee, nce ntshav siab, ntxhov siab, thiab lwm yam.

Cov koob txhaj tshuaj insulin muaj nyob rau hauv iav vials hermetically kaw nrog roj hmab nres nrog aluminium so-hauv.
Hauv cov hwj 10 ml, hauv ib lub thawv 5 pcs lossis hauv penfill (cartridges) 1.5 thiab 3 ml rau koob txhaj tshuaj .

Cov tshuaj insulin (ob lub vials thiab daim cartridges) uas tsis siv, yuav tsum muab cia rau 2-8 ° C hauv qhov chaw tsaus , i.e. hauv lub tub yees (zoo dua rau hauv qab txee), deb ntawm lub tub yees.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no, lawv khaws lawv cov khoom siv roj ntsha thiab aseptic kom txog thaum txee lub neej qhia ntawm pob. Yuav tsum tsis muaj cov tshuaj insulin thaum ya nrog lub dav hlau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua kom txias.
Kub dhau lawm cia qhov kub yuav ua rau txo qis qis hauv kev ua haujlwm lom neeg hauv tshuaj. Kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha tseem cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, nrawm dua qhov ploj ntawm cov kev ua lom neeg los ntawm 100 zaug.
Cov pob tshab kua dej ua kom tsis haum yuav ua rau muaj zog thiab ua huab Cov. Granules thiab flakes daim ntawv hauv ib qho kev ncua ntawm cov kua dej. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tshav kub thiab lub caij nyoog sib cais ua rau nrawm txheej txheem no.

Lub khob tshuaj insulin uas tus neeg mob siv tau tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv chav tsev tsis pub dhau 25 ° C, hauv qhov chaw tsaus txog li 6 lub lis piam. Lub sijhawm no raug txo mus rau 4 lub lis piam thaum siv Penfill cartridges, vim tias cov koob txhaj tshuaj syringe feem ntau nqa hauv koj lub hnab ris thaum kub ze rau lub cev kub. Vials ntawm cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem muab cia rau hauv tub yees rau 3 lub hlis tom qab thawj zaug siv thawj zaug.

Siv dej khov insulin tsis tuaj yeem siv tom qab yaj tas. Nov yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev ncua. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom khov, muaju lossis lwm cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke thiab tsis yaj tom qab yaj, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv homogeneous dua.Yog li, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg tau nce ntau.

Cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tom qab yaj. Cov kab mob ua rau tsis tuaj yeem siv tsis tau thaum qhov hloov pauv, ua haujlwm lossis lub ntsej muag ntawm cov seem cuam tshuam.
Kev tshem tawm tshuaj insulin, uas tom qab sib tov tsis ua rau qhov sib cais tsis ntwm los yog muaj lumps, fibers, hloov xim, tsis zoo rau kev siv.

1 ml ntawm kev daws lossis ncua kev kawm feem ntau muaj 40 units.
Raws li cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, cov kua dej insulin yog cais tawm ntawm cov tsiaj ua kua thiab ua kom sib xyaw ua ke siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim tawm engineering.

Raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua kom huv, kev npaj tshuaj insulin los ntawm cov tsiaj cov nqaij tau muab faib ua monopic (MP) thiab monocomponent (MK).
Tam sim no tau los ntawm npua npua, lawv muaj ntxiv nrog cov ntawv C (SMP - nqaij npuas monopic, SMK - nqaij npuas monocomponent), nyuj - tsab ntawv G (nqaij nyug: GMP - nqaij nyuj monopick, GMK - nqaij nyug monocomponent).
Kev tiv thaiv tib neeg ntawm insulin yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv C.

Ua raws li lub sijhawm ua ntawm kev ua, insulins tau muab faib ua:
- Kev npaj luv insulin npaj : pib ntawm kev ua tom qab 15-30 feeb, qhov kawg siab ua tom qab 1 / 2-2 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev txiav txim 4-6 teev,
- ntev insulin npaj suav nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ua (pib tom qab 1 / 2-2 teev, ncov tom qab 3-12 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm 8-12 teev), tshuaj nrog ntev ntev (pib tom qab 4-8 teev, ncov tom qab 8-18 teev, tag nrho lub sijhawm 20-30 teev).

Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib qho mob hnyav uas yog mob ntev ntev. Lub cev ua rau neeg ua rau lub cev ntawm cov endocrine system uas tsim cov tshuaj insulin tseem ceeb heev. Cov tshuaj Insulin nqa tawm ntawm kev pauv ntawm cov piam thaj, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub hlwb thiab tag nrho lub cev ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, tus txiav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis xws luag. Yog li, tus neeg mob yuav tsum haus cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua. Feem ntau, muaj cov tshuaj txaus. Tab sis ib qho ntshav qab zib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj insulin tsis tu ncua.

Kev Kho Mob

Hom mob ntshav qab zib me me tuaj yeem kho nrog kev noj haus kom zoo xwb. Tab sis ntau zaus cov neeg mob yuav tsum noj tshuaj. Cov mob ntshav qab zib hnyav tshaj plaws - ib hom tshuaj insulin-cuam tshuam - tshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 10-15% ntawm cov mob ntawm tus mob. Tab sis ib hom muaj peev xwm tig mus rau lwm qhov.

Cov neeg mob uas muaj hom mob ntshav qab zib insulin feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tshuaj insulin mus tas lub neej. Feem ntau nws tau synthesized bovine lossis nqaij npuas insulin, uas muaj ntau yam impurities. Qhov no cais qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg mob insulin los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg tus txiav ua ke.

Sab sij huam

Thaum siv cov tshuaj insulin los tswj kev tswj hwm lub xeev ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib, ib yam li txhua yam kev kho mob, kev cuam tshuam ntawm insulin tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj, tab sis qee qhov kev qhia pom hnyav heev.

Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis kam txhaj tshuaj insulin. Nws yog txaus ntshai rau nws lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsuas yog xaiv cov tshuaj uas yog kom haum rau tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, hloov mus rau kev ua kom muaj cov tshuaj insulin tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm qhov tsis xav tau. Yog tias qhov no tsis pab, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob yuav tsum yauv mus khomob ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis kam txhaj tshuaj rau tus mob ntshav qab zib nrog kev tiv thaiv insulin-hom mob uas siv tsis tau.

Lub cev muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj

Thaum txhaj cov tshuaj insulin, ntau yam phiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm kev kho mob. Qhov no yog yam mob pathological uas tau pom los ntawm cov ntshav cov piam thaj hauv qab ib txwm. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau.Ib tug neeg lub plawv dhia nrawm, txhawj xeeb thiab ntshai tshwm sim, pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog soj ntsuam. Kiv taub hau, tsaus muag, tawm hws ntau thiab tshee hnyo yuav ua tau. Muaj qhov kev xav ntau dua ntawm kev tshaib plab, uas yuav tsum tau tso kom tsawg los ua kom tus neeg mob tus mob (nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov carbohydrates ceev). Feem ntau ntawm cov mob loj tshaj, qaug dab peg qaug dab peg, tsis nco qab thiab txoj kev tuag yog ua tau.

Lwm cov kev mob tshwm sim yog kev fab tshuaj rau cov insulin. Nws yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Nws yog feem ntau ntxiv los ntawm ntaub so ntswg atrophy ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Somoji syndrome yog posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav cov ntshav ua rau lub cev tsis ua yam xav tsis zoo rau tus mob ntshav qab zib.

Lipodystrophy yog pathology ntawm subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, uas ua rau nws tus kheej ploj nws ploj lossis ntau dhau heev lawm. Nws raug nquahu kom hloov chaw txhaj tshuaj ntau dua.

Insulin edema - ntau zaus tshwm sim thaum pib kho, tab sis thaum kawg kuj dhau mus. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho.

Vim li cas thiaj li xav tau los kho tus mob ntshav qab zib kom tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj insulin. Thiab ua li cas cov kev cai nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob.

Cov tshuaj insulin yog cov tshuaj rau kev daws mob ntshav qab zib, lub hauv paus ntawm nws yog qhov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub txiav. Cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nco thaum sau daim ntawv tshuaj no. Cov ntawv Latin yuav tsum tsuas yog kws kho mob sau tseg.

Kws Tshuaj

Cov tshuaj insulin, nyob hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, yog yam tshuaj uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov metabolism hauv kev ua zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev, ua kom cov ntshav qab zib tsawg thiab pab kom cov piam thaj nqus. Vim lub cev tsis txaus los ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov txiav, los yog rov ua dua, tus neeg tshaj yuav pib xav tau nws los ntawm sab nraud.

Qhov khoom siv no yog tsim los kho rau cov hom phiaj los ntawm cov neeg quav yeeb ntawm nyuj, npua thiab ua tsaug rau txoj kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim kho caj ces.

Kev ntsuas rau siv

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj insulin yog siv ua tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (hom 1) thiab nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob endocrine (siv insulin rau hom ntshav qab zib 2).

Kev siv tshuaj insulin luv luv yog siv los txo cov ntshav qab zib nyob hauv qee hom schizophrenia, kev txhim kho ntawm furunculosis, thiab kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Thiab tseem muaj tus kab mob siab ntev thiab thaum pib ua mob rau daim siab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, insulin yog tus kws kho mob ua kom muaj qhov hnyav (kom qhov hnyav hauv lub cev), rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsis zoo thiab nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus.

Kev siv cov tshuaj insulin yog cov yam ntxwv ua tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj polarizable siv rau kev kho mob rau cov ntshav txhaws.

Yuav thov li cas

Kev siv cov tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia ntawm nws mus rau hauv cov leeg nqaij lossis hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav (nyob rau ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ua kom tsis hnov ​​qab) txoj leeg.

Ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov tau tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yog kho raws tus kheej raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, suav nrog theem ntawm cov piam thaj, cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav, nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog uas nws tau pom zoo kom tham tsuas yog hais txog cov cai nruab nrab. Thiab rau lo lus nug, ntawm dab tsi cov kua qab zib insulin yog txhaj, peb tsuas tuaj yeem hais kwv yees li - 12 mmol / litre.

Cov koob tshuaj xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau ntshav qab zib yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 txog 40 units hauv ib hnub. Nrog rau qhov tsis nco qab ntawm qhov mob ntshav qab zib, kev siv cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem muab xam rau ib hnub tsis tshaj 100 units (subcutaneously) thiab tsis ntau tshaj 50 units nrog kev tswj hwm tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.

Rau lwm cov kev qhia, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug sau nyob rau hauv me me li - 5-10 units ib hnub.

Rau kev siv cov tshuaj insulin, cov koob txhaj tshuaj uas siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov tshwj xeeb, nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj, cov thev naus laus zis uas koom nrog txhaj puv ntawm cov ncauj lus kom tswj tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj.

Thaum muab cov tshuaj tso tawm rau hauv kev ncua, nws raug nquahu kom co cov ncauj lus ntawm lub raj mis ua ntej txhaws rau hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj.

Rau cov ntshav qab zib, cov tshuaj piav qhia yog siv hauv 2-3 koob. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tau ua tiav 30 feeb ua ntej pib kev noj mov. Koob tshuaj ib zaug hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj yuav pib tom qab 60 feeb nrog sijhawm ntev txog 4-8 teev. Qhia cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv txoj hlab ntsha pib nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tom qab 30 feeb, thaum txo cov suab thaj rau tom qab ib teev lossis ob teev.

Tso Tawm Cov Ntawv

Cov tshuaj tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj kev daws teeb meem, ncua kev kawm, hauv lub hwj, hauv qee qhov cartridges (cartridges, cartridges thiab systems uas siv rau lawv qhov kev siv hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj).

Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj txhaj tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov iav tsis muaj menyuam hauv cov nyiaj ntawm 5 thiab 10 ml, qhov haujlwm ntawm qhov ntawd, raws li txoj cai, muaj los ntawm 20 txog 100 units hauv 1 ml ntawm cov kua.

Cov tshuaj no yog hmoov dawb nrog cov ntsiab lus leej faj txog li 3.1%.

Kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj yog kua dawb-daj nrog kua pH ntawm 2 txog 3.5. Los ua kev daws teeb meem, cov hmoov nyoos tau yaj hauv dej tshwj xeeb rau kev txhaj tshuaj, nrog ntxiv ntawm HCI acid, glycerin thiab tov ntawm phenol lossis tricresol rau kev khaws cia.

Kev ncua ntawm lub sij hawm raug ntev tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw muag tshuaj nrog cov hwj ntawm 5 thiab 10 ml. Txhua lub hauv paus zoo li no kaw kom nruj nrog lub hau rubberized dov ntawm lub taub hau txhuas.

Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj

Siv nrog faj seeb insulin hauv rooj plaub:

• Tus mob ntshav qab zib uas paub txog hlab ntshav khiav tsis xis nyob lossis hlab ntsha hlwb khiav tsis zoo,
• Cov neeg muaj tus mob thyroid
• Nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm cov genitourinary system,
• Nrog lub cev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum.

Thaum nws tau txhaj rau hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, qhov tshwm sim pathological tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv ntawm lipodystrophy nrog kev ua kom pom ntawm atrophy hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Txij li qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj insulin raug muab ntxuav kom huv, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev ua xua, tab sis cov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Cov npe ntawm cov yeeb yam luv luv insulin npaj, cov lus qhia rau kev siv

Tsis ntev los no, txoj kev kho tau zoo tau raug paub tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 tsis tau kawm, cov tshuaj rau nws tsis zoo heev. Namely, yam 2 mob ntshav qab zib, uas yog hu ua kev tsis yog tshuaj insulin, yog qhov txaus ntshai nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xwm txheej mob ntev.

Tam sim no, ntau qhov tshuaj tau tsim rau kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj thiab rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv, ntau hom insulins tau tsim - ua yeeb yam luv luv, ultra-luv thiab ncua ntev-ua yeeb yam.

Kev lag luam kho mob tsim tawm cov ntshav qabzib nyob hauv tsev rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, kom lawv tuaj yeem paub dhia hauv cov ntshav qabzib hauv sijhawm thiab ua rau lawv tus kheej txhaj tshuaj.

Txhua yam tau ua tiav kom cov neeg mob tuaj yeem muaj txoj sia nyob mus li.

Hom mob insulin

Kev npaj tshuaj insulin tau muab faib ua pab pawg nyob ntawm lub sijhawm uas raug tus neeg mob lub cev. Muaj 5 hom tshuaj - ultra-luv-ua yeeb yam insulin, luv, nruab nrab, ncua ntev (txuas ntxiv) thiab sib xyaw.

Lub sijhawm ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm hauv lub cev nws txawv txav thiab thaj tsam li 1 teev txog 24 teev.

Cov tshuaj ultrashort pib ua tom qab ob peb feeb thiab nws cov nyhuv kav ntev li 1 mus rau 3 teev, tso tshuaj insulin txuas ntxiv tom qab ib teev thiab tseem txo qis cov piam thaj hauv 24 teev.

Kev npaj tshuaj insulin txawv nyob rau qhov xwm txheej uas lawv tau siv.

Yog tias muaj cov insulin ntev ntev pab tus neeg mob ua kom cov ntshav qabzib thaum nruab hnub, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj insulin luv luv kuj tseem hu ua insulin zaub mov - nws ua rau lub cev thaum noj mov thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm carbohydrates thaum lub sijhawm noj mov mus rau qabzib. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntshav (Ultrashort insulin) yog npaj rau qee qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov piam thaj hauv dej sai sai, thaum nws maj nrawm kom txo qis.

Kev npaj luv luv insulin

Tsis yog txhua yam luv luv insulins tuaj yeem hloov pauv sib. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib xyaw thiab cuam tshuam rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntshav thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov dav dav yog tias txhua yam tshuaj sai pib ua haujlwm txog 30 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Lawv txo cov piam thaj ntau ntau. Pib siv tau los ntawm 3 teev mus rau 8. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov nyiaj no yog txaws los ntawm catecholamines, STH thiab qee cov tshuaj hormones. Tab sis, txawm tias tom qab ploj ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov ntshav, nws txuas ntxiv nws cov nyhuv hauv cov hlwb.

Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia yog muab rau hauv qab no.

Cov tshuaj no, raws li cov lus qhia, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov roj ntsha ntuj tsim nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev. Hauv qhov kev txiav txim, nws yog qhov nrawm ntawm cov luv luv. Hauv qee qhov kev piav qhia, cov tshuaj yog rau cov pab pawg ntawm ultrashort insulins. Cov tshuaj pib txo cov piam thaj 15 feeb tom qab kev tswj hwm, tab sis nws cov nyhuv dhau tom qab 3 teev.

Cov tshuaj yog tshuaj rau hauv cov teeb meem nram qab no:

• Mob ntshav qab zib Hom 2
• Kev tsis haum xeeb rau kev npaj tshuaj insulin los ntawm lwm hom,
• Muaj piam thaj ntau ntxiv tom qab noj mov,
• Kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog tsis kam rau cov tshuaj uas tsis yog insulin uas txo cov piam thaj,
• Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog kev ua rau hnyav dua thaum kho mob phais mob thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis.

Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tau piav yog xam los ntawm kws kho mob. Siv cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneously, cev pob ntseg, intramuscularly. Yog tias cov tshuaj tau txhaj rau nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob siv txoj haujlwm subcutaneous ntawm kev tswj hwm. Cov tshuaj tau sau tseg rau kev tswj hwm ua ntej noj mov thiab qhov no txawv ntawm ultra-short-acting insulins.

Actrapid NM

Cov tshuaj insulin no txo ​​cov ntshav nyob hauv ib nrab ib teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj thiab kav ntev txog 8 teev. Qhov pib ua NM rau lub npe qhia tias cov tshuaj yog synthetically derived tib neeg lawm. Cov tshuaj yog kws kho:

• Nrog ntshav qab zib hom 2,
• Nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj,
• Thaum lub sijhawm phais
• Thaum cev xeeb tub.

Actrapid tau sau tseg rau cov kev zom zaub mov tsis haum xeeb ntawm carbohydrates vim qhov tsis muaj txaus ntawm qhov hormone. Nws yog muab nrog lub cev tsis meej pem los ntawm kev ua txhaum loj ntawm cov metabolism hauv nrog. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj tau qhia rau intolerance mus rau tshuaj ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm.

Cov tshuaj raug muab tshuaj txhua hnub los ntawm 3 txog 6 zaug hauv 24 teev. Yog tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tus neeg mob siv lwm hom khoom cuav, qhov no yuav tsum tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau npaum. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm kev npaj cov tsiaj, cov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 10%.

Insuman Sai Sai

Cov tshuaj raws li cov cim thiab ua yog zoo ib yam li yav dhau los. Nws yog lub vas nthiv ua yeeb yam insulin. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua qabzib yog, nyob hauv qab ntawm cov tshuaj no, ntev txog 7 teev. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv vials rau cov tshuaj insulin thiab hauv daim cartridges rau koob txhaj tshuaj nrog kev siv tus kheej.

Cov tshuaj raug muab 20 feeb ua ntej noj mov subcutaneously. Insuman Rapid mus tau zoo nrog rau cov insulin ntev heev, uas muaj cov protein tsawg-phaus-phaus ceeb thawj cov protein.

Humulin Tsis tu ncua

Qhov no yog tib neeg insulin, zwm rau ICD pawg, tau los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob. Zoo li lwm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm hom no, nws muaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj thiab xaum xaum hluav taws xob. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv plab (thaj tsam - 2 cm ntawm ntaws), ncej puab lossis sab caj npab sab saud. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau hloov pauv. Kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los yuav tsum tsis yog.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim nrog kev tsis txaus tshuaj hormone los yog nrog ib qho kev tshaj tawm tuaj yeem yog:

• Txo cov piam thaj ntau dhau
• Kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv
• Muaj zog txo rau hauv subcutaneous rog.

Hom 40

Qhov no yog cov tshuaj zoo cuam tshuam nrog cov insulins luv luv. Nws qhov kev txiav txim pib 30 feeb tom qab tswj hwm thiab kav ntev txog 8 teev.Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhua qhov luv luv insulin yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm, txoj kev txhaj tshuaj, kev siv tshuaj kom raug thiab cov kev tawm tsam rau tus neeg mob cov tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj tau siv nyob rau qhov xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub cev ntaj ntsug thiab lub cev qub ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig thaum phais. Cov tshuaj no haum rau kev kho mob ntawm menyuam yaus thiab tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Txhaj tso muab 3 zaug ib hnub. Rau kev txhaj tshuaj, insulin twj siv. Koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm ntaus hauv 1 rab koob tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ua insulin ntev. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke no, thawj zaug ib qho tshuaj yeeb luv luv tau muab tso rau hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj, tom qab ntawd lub caij nyoog ntev.

Cov khoom muaj dav ntawm cov insulin ceev

Rau txhua txoj kev npaj insulin luv luv, cov cai hauv qab no rau lawv qhov cia thiab hloov chaw yog qhov siv tau:

• Cov taub ntim nrog cov tshuaj yuav tsum raug kaw. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum khaws cia rau ntawm lub qhov rooj tub yees kom txias txias tab sis tsis khov.
• Hauv chav nyob hauv qhov kub li 30 degrees, cov tshuaj hormones yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv tsis pub dhau ib hlis. Yog cia sov dua, tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia.
• Koj tuaj yeem nqa daim cartridge nrog cov tshuaj hauv koj lub hnab nyiaj, hnab ntim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, hnab ris.
• Cov tshuaj insulin luv luv, thiab txhua tus neeg ntxiv, tsis tiv thaiv tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Muaj peevxwm kub kuj yog tsim kev puas tsuaj rau nws. Tsis txhob muab tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hnab looj tes rau hauv lub tsheb uas tawm hauv lub hnub.

Cov tsos mob hauv qab no qhia tias cov tshuaj tsis haum rau kev siv:

• Cov tshuaj hauv ampoule yog huab
• Hnub tas sij hawm sau rau ntawm lub ntim twb dhau lawm,
• Cov tshuaj tau khov, thiab tam sim no nws tau yaj,
• Cov luas lossis plaub ya ri pom hauv cov npuas,
• Lub raj mis tau qhib thiab yog tus mob no rau ntau dua 1 hlis.

Lub cev tsim kho Insulin

Hauv kev tawm dag zog lub cev, ib qho yeeb tshuaj luv luv yog siv es tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj anabolic steroids. Nws cov txiaj ntsig yog tias cov piam thaj hloov mus rau hauv cov leeg, thiab yog li ntawd lawv txoj kev loj hlob tshwm sim.

Cov koob tshuaj rau cov neeg lub cev tsim yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus los ntawm tus kws kho mob ua kis las. Qhov tseeb yog tias kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj nrog lub cev tsis txaus ua rau lub cev rog, txij li cov piam thaj nkag mus tsis tsuas rau cov leeg nqaij, tab sis kuj mus rau hauv lub cev subcutaneous.

Insulin - koob tshuaj, kev nqis tes, kev qhia

Insulin - koob tshuaj, kev nqis tes, kev qhia

Cov tshuaj insulin yog tshuaj tua kabmob tua kabmob pancreatic. Kev siv tshuaj ntau yog kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Muaj qee kis, nws tseem siv tau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov tshuaj insulin yog tshuaj tua kabmob tua kabmob pancreatic.

Sab sij huam

Thaum cov tshuaj tau txais tshuaj subcutaneously, lipodystrophy tuaj yeem tsim kho. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj yuav ua rau ua xua.

Txhawb cov tshuaj insulin vim tias nws tau haus ntau dhau lawm tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab hypoglycemic. Cov tsos mob: ntau salivation, tawm hws, tsis muaj zog, ua tsis taus pa, kiv taub hau, tsaus muag, tsis tshua muaj - tsis nco qab, tu cev, delirium, tsis nco qab.

Tshuaj insulin yog dab tsi?

Qhov tshuaj insulin yog protein-peptide npaj ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm. Cov tshuaj insulin yog siv los ua tus cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov tshuaj insulin yog ib yam tshuaj uas ua kom mob plab zom mov thiab ua kom cov ntshav qabzib tsawg nyob hauv tus neeg mob ntshav ntshav. Txo cov carbohydrates hauv cov ntshav yog ua tiav los ntawm kev nce ntawm kev noj cov suab thaj los ntawm insulin-cov nqaij ua kom poob qis thaum cov kab mob ntawm insulin. Cov tshuaj Insulin pab rau kev sib sau ntawm glycogen los ntawm daim siab mob hlwb thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rog thiab cov amino acids rau hauv carbohydrates.

Nrog rau cov tsis muaj cov tshuaj insulin hauv tib neeg lub cev, kev nce siab ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qab zib yog tau pom. Ib qho kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qabzib provokes qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab cov teeb meem ntsig txog. Cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub cev tshwm sim vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim siab hauv lub cev, uas tshwm sim vim yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov kab mob endocrine, tom qab raug mob lossis nrog lub zog ntawm lub hlwb ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab.

Kev npaj muaj cov tshuaj insulin yog tsim los ntawm tsiaj cov tawv nqaij caj dab.

Feem ntau, kev tsim cov tshuaj siv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov neeg mob tawv nqaij thiab npua.

Cov cai cia

Qhov chaw cia rau insulin yog qhov yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai tshwj xeeb uas ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab lawv tsev neeg tsis ua raws li lawv tsis nco qab lawm. Qhov tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog qhia ib zaug ntxiv rau nws cov neeg nyeem txog qhov xwm txheej nyob hauv qab twg cov kua dej tuaj yeem thauj tau thiab yuav khaws cia li cas hauv tsev.

Thiab yog li, yuav ua li cas khaws cov tshuaj insulin? Cov lus qhia rau nws cov ntsiab lus.

Txij li thaum insulin yog hormone ntawm cov protein ntau, ib qho tuaj yeem muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub hloov pauv ntawm nws cov qauv. Nws yog txaus kom rov qab kib cov qe kib, qhov uas qhov kub txaus txaus ua rau cov qe protein caws yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Qhov kub qis kuj cuam tshuam cov protein thiab hloov nws cov qauv.

Tseem Ceeb! Cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum muab khaws cia yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov qis thiab siab kub. Zoo tshaj plaws ntawm chav tsev kub.

Cov tshuaj yog khaws cia rau hauv lub raj mis, tsis yog nyob hauv tub yees, tab sis nyob rau qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshaj 25 degrees.

Yuav ua li cas khaws cov kua dej hauv tsev, nyob qhov twg thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej twg nws tuaj yeem ua kom tsis zoo? Thaum muab tso rau:

• Nyob rau windowsill - nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov vim yog lub siab kub thiab ncaj qha tshav ntuj, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no vim tau khaub thuas,
• Thaum muab cia rau hauv cov tub luam hla roj lossis hluav taws xob qhov cub,
• Tsis deb ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov.

Kuv tuaj yeem khaws cov tshuaj insulin hauv tub yees? Nws tshwm sim nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov huab cua sov nce siab heev, uas yog vim li cas nws pom zoo kom khaws cov tshuaj hauv lub tub yees. Nws tsis raug cia kom khaws cov tshuaj insulin hauv lub koob txhaj tshuaj.

Tseem Ceeb! Yog tias cov tshuaj insulin yog khov, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​qab kom sov nws tom qab nyob hauv lub tub yees, nws zoo dua nyob hauv xib teg.

Kev qhib lub raj tshuaj hormone yog pom zoo rau kev siv hauv ib hlis. Txij li thaum tom qab lub sijhawm no cov tshuaj kom plam nws qhov kev ua haujlwm. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom piav qhia tsis yog ib xyoos, raws li qee zaum xav, tab sis txog peb xyoos. Yog tias cov tshuaj txuas tas lawm, ces lub vial nrog cov tshuaj yuav tsum muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd.

Ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom, koj tuaj yeem suav rau kev txwv tsis pub muaj mob hnyav xws li ntshav qab zib thiab rov qab mus rau lub neej thiab ib txwm muaj yam tsis muaj mob.

Txoj kev siv tshuaj

Feem ntau feem ntau, kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj insulin yog nqa tawm intramuscularly lossis subcutaneously. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ua pa tsis nco qab, tshuaj pleev dej yog muab los ntawm cov leeg txhaj tshuaj.

Qhov xav tau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin yog txiav txim siab ib tus zuj zus.

Qhov nruab nrab koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj insulin kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus tuaj yeem muaj li 10 txog 40 units.

Yog tias qhov mob ntshav qab zib tsis hnov ​​mob tshwm sim, txog li 100 qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tuaj yeem muab tshuaj nyob hauv qab daim tawv nqaij kom them nyiaj rau qhov tsis nco qab nyob rau ib hnub. Thiab thaum siv txoj kev tso dej khov ntawm kev tswj hwm, tsis pub ntau tshaj 50 units. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog li ntawm 6 txog 10 units.

Rau kev txhaj tshuaj, cov koob txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog siv, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tag nrho cov tshuaj tsis muaj cov khoom seem, uas zam kev siv tshuaj.

Qhov koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm insulin yog txhaj rau hauv lub cev raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab nyob ntawm seb siv hom tshuaj twg. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm raws li cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm tus neeg endocrinologist.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj pib tom qab kev tswj hwm, nyob ntawm nws hom:

• ultrashort siv sijhawm tom qab 15 feeb,
• Cov tshuaj ntev ntev pib ua haujlwm tom qab 1-2 teev

Lub raj mis iav yog siv los khaws cov tshuaj insulin. Khaws cov tshuaj rau hauv qhov chaw txias uas tiv thaiv los ntawm tshav ntuj.

Daim vis dis aus hauv kab lus no qhia rau koj thaum twg xav tau insulin.