Diabeton analogues
Mob Ntshav Qab Zib MV (ntsiav tshuaj) Ntsuas: 47
Lavxias ntsiav tshuaj npaj rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib. Cov tshuaj nquag: gliclazide hauv ib qhov tshuaj ntawm 60 mg rau ib ntsiav tshuaj. Nws yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab rau cov hom phiaj prophylactic.
Cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj Ntshav qab zib MV
Cov analogue yog pheej yig dua los ntawm 160 rubles.
Gliclazide MV yog ntsiav tshuaj npaj rau kev kho mob ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus raws li cov kev cuam tshuam tib yam hauv kev muab tshuaj ntawm 30 mg. Nws yog tsim rau kev noj tsis zoo thiab qoj ib ce. Gliclazide MV yog sib xyaw rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 (insulin-dependant).
Cov analogue yog pheej yig dua los ntawm 168 rubles.
Glidiab yog ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws rau gliclazide. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv foos ntsiav tshuaj, tab sis qhov ntau npaum ntawm DV ntau dua ntawm no, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej pib kev kho mob. Nws yog qhia rau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev siv lub cev.
Cov analogue yog pheej yig dua los ntawm 158 rubles.
Akrikhin (Russia) Glidiab yog ib qho kev hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws rau gliclazide. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv foos ntsiav tshuaj, tab sis qhov ntau npaum ntawm DV ntau dua ntawm no, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej pib kev kho mob. Nws yog qhia rau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev siv lub cev.
Qhia txog ntawm cov tshuaj
Lawj xeeb - Glyclazide yog sulfonylurea derivative, hypoglycemic qhov ncauj tshuaj uas txawv ntawm cov tshuaj zoo sib xws los ntawm qhov muaj cov N-muaj heterocyclic ntiv nplhaib nrog kev ua kom cov kabmob endocyclic.
Gliclazide txo qis kom cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, txhawb lub zais ntshav ntawm insulin los ntawm β-hlwb ntawm islets ntawm Langerhans. Ib qho nce ntxiv ntawm cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob postprandial thiab C-peptide mob tsawv tom qab 2 xyoos dhau los ntawm kev kho. Ntxiv nrog rau cov nyhuv ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov metabolism, gliclazide muaj cov teebmeem hemovascular.
Ntxim rau insulin secretion
Hauv hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, cov tshuaj rov qab ua rau lub sijhawm thaum kawg ntawm cov kua dej hauv cov kua dej hauv cov lus teb rau cov piam thaj thiab ua rau qib thib ob ntawm insulin zais cia. Ib qho tseem ceeb nce ntxiv ntawm insulin secretion tau pom nyob rau hauv teb rau kev tsa ua vim kev noj zaub mov thiab qabzib kev tswj hwm.
Glyclazide txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav me me kom tsis muaj teeb meem, cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib mellitus: ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv platelet thiab kev ua kom tiav thiab ib qho kev txo qis hauv kev ua kom muaj platelet ua kom muaj lwm yam (beta-thromboglobulin, thromboxane B2), ntxiv rau kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm vascular endogenous fibrinolytic. thiab nce kev ua si ntawm cov nqaij mos plasminogen activator.
Kev siv tshuaj glycemic kom nruj raws li kev siv tshuaj yeeb tshuaj Diabeton ® MB (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ® MB) thiab nce nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los (lossis hloov) ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob ua ntej ntxiv lwm cov tshuaj hypoglycemic (piv txwv li metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, thiazolidinedione derivative) lossis cov tshuaj insulin.) Qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub ntawm cov tshuaj Diabeton ® MB hauv cov neeg mob hauv pawg tswj hwm hnyav yog 103 mg, qhov siab tshaj plaws niaj hnub noj yog 120 mg.
Tawm tsam cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj yeeb tshuaj Diabeton ® MB nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv glycemic (kev soj ntsuam nruab nrab 4.8 xyoo, nruab nrab HbA1c 6.5%) piv nrog cov pawg tswj hwm (nruab nrab HbA1c 7.3%), qhov tseem ceeb txo 10% txo hauv qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm macro- thiab microvascular cov teeb meem.
Qhov kom zoo dua tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txo tus mob sib piv: loj microvascular teeb meem los ntawm 14%, qhov pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm nephropathy los ntawm 21%, qhov tshwm sim ntawm microalbuminuria los ntawm 9%, macroalbuminuria los ntawm 30% thiab kev txhim kho lub raum mob ntxiv los ntawm 11%.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj hwm zoo glycemic thaum noj Diabeton ® MB tsis vam khom rau cov txiaj ntsig tau tiav nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab.
Khoom Piav Qhia
Diabeton yog ib tus neeg sawv cev hypoglycemic thiab sulfonylurea derivative uas tau noj ntawm qhov ncauj. Nws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus txhais yog lub xub ntiag ntawm N-muaj cov nplhaib heterocyclic nrog kev ua haujlwm endocyclic. Cov tshuaj noj pab txhawb lub zog tsim cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm β-hlwb ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans thiab txo cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav.
Tom qab ob xyoos ntawm kev kho mob, qhov nce ntxiv ntawm C-peptide thiab postprandial insulin tseem nyob. Qhov kev ua si tsis muaj zog qhia pom cov teebmeem hemovascular thiab cuam tshuam txog cov metabolism hauv kev ua kom yuag. Ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, nws nce lub sijhawm thib 2 ntawm insulin secretion thiab rov qab ua kom qhov kawg ntawm nws lub tso pa tawm kom muaj qabzib. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog nws txoj kev qhia thiab hauv kev teb rau kev tsa, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov.
Cov tshuaj txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm ntshav qab zib. Tom qab ib hnub ntawm kev siv ib cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov metabolites thiab pioglitazone hauv cov ntshav cov ntshav tseem nyob rau theem siab.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Tus lej piav txog kev txwv rau kev noj tshuaj. Nws lub ntsiab contraindications yog tom qab mob:
mob ntshav qab zib coma thiab precoma,- lub sij hawm ntawm lactation thiab kev xeeb tub menyuam,
- hepatic thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm,
- cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm ketone lub cev thiab cov ntshav qabzib,
- intolerance rau lactose, sulfanilamide, gliclazide.
mob ntshav qab zib coma thiab precoma,Cov tshuaj tsuas yog kho rau cov neeg mob laus. Cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav tsum noj ib hnub ib zaug thaum noj mov. Qhov tshuaj ntau ntau txhua hnub yog 120 mg. Cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem tsoo thiab zom, nws yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav nrog dej ntshiab. Yog tias koj hla kev noj cov tshuaj, ob zaug tshuaj tsis thov.
Thaum pib theem ntawm kev kho, qhov tshuaj yog 30 mg. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws tau nce los ntawm tus kws paub tshwj xeeb tsis pub dhau 40 hnub tom qab lub sijhawm tau teev tseg dhau los. Cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 65 xyoos rov sauv tsis tas yuav tau muab qhov kev hloov kho npaum li cas. Thaum kho, ntev npaum li cas ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tshuaj dhau los yuav tsum raug txiav txim. Thaum noj cov tshuaj, cov nyom phiv yuav tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog:
tsis nco qab- nce tsaug zog lossis pw tsaug zog,
- poob siab
- txob taus chim siab,
- cramps thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj zog,
- tsis hnov qab, kiv taub hau.
tsis nco qabAnalogs thiab hloov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj
Cov tshuaj muaj tus nqi pheej yig. Diabeton analogs thiab hloov pauv yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Lawbalong
- Glyclazide
- Glidiab
- Diabefarm MV,
- Predian
- Glucostabil,
- Piroglar.
Lawbalong - Pheej yig cov pa ntshav qab zib ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, cov lus ua kom muaj cov tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv, qhov rhiab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg feem ntau thiab txo cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Tsis muaj yees txawm tias tom qab 3 xyoos siv. Cov tshuaj txo cov kab mob postprandial hyperglycemia, rov qab ua kom pib ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thaum ntxov, txo lub sijhawm sib nrug ntawm kev noj mov thiab insulin secretion. Hauv lub siab, cov tshuaj txo cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov piam thaj thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov tshuaj nquag hloov kho microcirculation thiab carbohydrate metabolism, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm thrombosis thiab rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm cov nqaij mos plasminogen activator.
Gliclazide - Qhov no yog hom tshuaj ntshav hypoglycemic uas yog tshuaj hauv. Nws suav nrog lub nplhaib heterocyclic nrog kev ua haujlwm endocyclic. Cov tshuaj ua rau cov tshuaj insulin tsim tawm thiab txo cov piam thaj. Tom qab peb lub xyoos ntawm kev kho mob, ib qho kev nce siab ntawm cov tshuaj C-peptide thiab postprandial insulin tseem nyob. Lub ntsiab lus ua pov thawj nthuav tawm hemovascular cov kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv cov metabolism. Siv cov tshuaj txo qis cov teeb meem ntshav qab zib muaj teeb meem.
Glidiab yog 2-tiam sulfonylurea derivative thiab hypoglycemic tshuaj. Nws txhim kho cov ntshav qabzib insulin-secretory kev ua si, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ib ce thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm insulin secretion, txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm intracellular leeg glycogen synthetase enzymes, thiab txo lub ncov ntawm hyperglycemia tom qab noj mov. Kev siv cov tshuaj yuav tsum pib tawm tsam cov zaub mov tsis muaj calorie, cov carb qis.
Nws raug nquahu los soj ntsuam cov qib piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tom qab noj tas thiab hauv plab tas. Cov koob tshuaj hloov kho rau hauv kev xav lossis lub cev.
Diabefarm MV - Qhov no yog ib qho analogue ntawm Diabeton 60, uas yog ib qho tshuaj hypoglycemic thiab cuam tshuam txog tiam 2 ntawm sulfonylurea derivatives. Nws ua kom lub zog tsim cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov txiav thiab kev ua ntawm cov ntshav enraymes. Cov tshuaj yog ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv hom 2 uas tsis yog-insulin-tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog cov cim ntawm ntshav qab zib microangiopathy thiab ua prophylactic ntawm microcirculatory ntshawv siab.
Predian - tshuaj noj ntawm hluavtaws keeb kwm. Nws tuaj yeem muas hauv cov qauv hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog qhov ntau npaum li 0.08 g, ntim hauv thawv ntawv thawv. Cov tshuaj nquag txo cov ntshav coagulation thiab txo cov suab thaj. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau pib nrog ib nrab ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog acetylsalicylic acid, butadione, amidopyrine vim tias kev hem thawj ntawm hypoglycemia.
Glucostabil txhim kho fibrinolytic vascular kev ua si, txo kev txhim kho ntawm parietal thrombus, platelet sib sau thiab adhesion. Cov tshuaj nce microcirculation, ntau npaum li cas ntawm HDL-C, txo qis cov roj cholesterol tag nrho, qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntshav mus rau adrenaline thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm atherosclerosis thiab microthrombosis. Kev txo tsawg ntawm cov proteinuria tau sau tseg txog keeb kwm ntawm kev siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm gliclazide hauv cov ntshav qab zib nephropathy.
Pioglar - Cov tshuaj qhov ncauj ntshav hypoglycemic thiab ib qho muaj zog xaiv gamma receptor agonist. Cov nquag tivthaiv cov qauv ua rau muaj kev pauv hloov hauv cov noob caj noob ceg uas txuam nrog lipid tawg thiab tswj ntshav qabzib. Hauv daim siab thiab nruab nrog daim tawv nqaij, nws txo cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam. Ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, nws txo cov glycated hemoglobin thiab cov tshuaj insulin hauv ntshav.
Koj tuaj yeem paub dab tsi Diabeton tuaj yeem hloov nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj ntawm tus kheej, vim tias qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai.
Analogs hauv kev muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhia txog kev siv
| Npe | Nqe hauv Lavxias | Nqe hauv Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| Bisogamma Glyclazide | 91 rub | 182 UAH |
| Glidiab Glyclazide | 100 tshiav | 170 UAH |
| Kev kuaj mob mr Gliclazide | -- | 15 UAH |
| Glidia MV Gliclazide | -- | -- |
| Glykinorm Gliclazide | -- | -- |
| Gliclazide Gliclazide | 211 RUB | 44 UAH |
| Glyclazide 30 MV-Indar Glyclazide | -- | -- |
| Glyclazide-Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Gliclazide | -- | 36 UAH |
| Glioral Glyclazide | -- | -- |
| Kev kuaj mob Gliclazide | -- | 14 UAH |
| Diazide MV Gliclazide | -- | 46 UAH |
| Osliklid Gliclazide | -- | 68 UAH |
| Diadeon gliclazide | -- | -- |
| Glyclazide MV Gliclazide | 4 RUB | -- |
Cov npe saum toj no ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj analogues, uas qhia hloov pauv ntshav qab zib MR, yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws vim tias lawv muaj tib cov tshuaj sib luag thiab sib luag ua ke raws li kev taw qhia rau kev siv
Analogs los ntawm qhov taw qhia thiab cov qauv ntawm kev siv
| Npe | Nqe hauv Lavxias | Nqe hauv Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| Glibenclamide Glibenclamide | 30 RUB | 7 UAH |
| Maninyl Glibenclamide | 54 rub | 37 UAH |
| Glibenclamide-Health Glibenclamide | -- | 12 UAH |
| Glyurenorm glycidone | 94 rub | 43 UAH |
| Amaril | 27 RUB | 4 UAH |
| Glemaz glimepiride | -- | -- |
| Glian glimepiride | -- | 77 UAH |
| Glimepiride Glyride | -- | 149 UAH |
| Glimepiride diapiride | -- | 23 UAH |
| Thaj neeb | -- | 12 UAH |
| Glimax glimepiride | -- | 35 UAH |
| Glimepiride-Lugal glimepiride | -- | 69 UAH |
| Av nplaum glimepiride | -- | 66 UAH |
| Diabrex glimepiride | -- | 142 UAH |
| Meglimide glimepiride | -- | -- |
| Melpamide Glimepiride | -- | 84 UAH |
| Perinel glimepiride | -- | -- |
| Glempid | -- | -- |
| Raug Tsim | -- | -- |
| Glimepiride glimepiride | 27 RUB | 42 UAH |
| Glimepiride-teva glimepiride | -- | 57 UAH |
| Glimepiride Canon glimepiride | 50 RUB | -- |
| Glimepiride Pharmstandard glimepiride | -- | -- |
| Dimaril glimepiride | -- | 21 UAH |
| Glamepiride diamerid | 2 RUB | -- |
Sib txawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tuaj yeem ua ke nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia thiab cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv thov
| Npe | Nqe hauv Lavxias | Nqe hauv Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| Avantomed rosiglitazone, metformin hydrochloride | -- | -- |
| Bagomet Metformin | -- | 30 UAH |
| Glucofage metformin | 12 RUB | 15 UAH |
| Globophage xr metformin | -- | 50 UAH |
| Reduxin Met Metformin, Sibutramine | 20 RUB | -- |
| Dianormet | -- | 19 UAH |
| Diaformin metformin | -- | 5 UAH |
| Metformin metformin | 13 RUB | 12 UAH |
| Tshuaj Metformin sandoz metformin | -- | 13 UAH |
| Siofor | 208 rub | 27 UAH |
| Formin metformin hydrochloride | -- | -- |
| Emnorm EP Metformin | -- | -- |
| Megifort Metformin | -- | 15 UAH |
| Tshuaj hlau Metformin | -- | 20 UAH |
| Tshuaj Metamin SR Metformin | -- | 20 UAH |
| Metfogamma metformin | 256 rub | 17 UAH |
| Tefor metformin | -- | -- |
| Glycometer | -- | -- |
| Glycomet SR | -- | -- |
| Tshuaj nyob | 37 RUB | -- |
| Metformin Canon metformin, ovidone K 90, pob kws hmoov txhuv, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, talc | 26 RUB | -- |
| Insuffor metformin hydrochloride | -- | 25 UAH |
| Metformin-teva metformin | 43 txhuam | 22 UAH |
| Diaformin SR metformin | -- | 18 UAH |
| Mepharmil Metformin | -- | 13 UAH |
| Metformin Yawg Liaj Ua Teb Metformin | -- | -- |
| Amaryl M Limepiride Micronized, Metformin Hydrochloride | 856 rub | 40 UAH |
| Glibomet glibenclamide, metformin | 257 rub | 101 UAH |
| Glucovans glibenclamide, metformin | 34 RUB | 8 UAH |
| Dianorm-m Glyclazide, Metformin | -- | 115 UAH |
| Dibizid-m glipizide, metformin | -- | 30 UAH |
| Douglimax glimepiride, metformin | -- | 44 UAH |
| Duotrol glibenclamide, metformin | -- | -- |
| Gluconorm | 45 rub | -- |
| Glibofor metformin hydrochloride, glibenclamide | -- | 16 UAH |
| Avandamet | -- | -- |
| Avandaglim | -- | -- |
| Janumet metformin, sitagliptin | 9 RUB | 1 UAH |
| Velmetia metformin, sitagliptin | 6026 rub | -- |
| Galvus Met vildagliptin, metformin | 259 RUB | 1195 UAH |
| Tripride glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone | -- | 83 UAH |
| Comboglize XR metformin, saxagliptin | -- | 424 UAH |
| Comboglyz Prolong metformin, saxagliptin | 130 rub | -- |
| Gentadueto linagliptin, metformin | -- | -- |
| Vipdomet metformin, alogliptin | 55 RUB | 1750 UAH |
| Sinjardi empagliflozin, metformin hydrochloride | 240 rub | -- |
| Voglibose Oxide | -- | 21 UAH |
| Glutazone pioglitazone | -- | 66 UAH |
| Dropia Sanovel pioglitazone | -- | -- |
| Januvia sitagliptin | 1369 rub | 277 UAH |
| Galvus vildagliptin | 245 RUB | 895 UAH |
| Onglisa saxagliptin | 1472 RUB | 48 UAH |
| Nesina alogliptin | -- | -- |
| Vipidia alogliptin | 350 rub | 1250 UAH |
| Trazhenta linagliptin | 89 rub | 1434 UAH |
| Lixumia lixisenatide | -- | 2498 UAH |
| Guarem Guar cob | 9950 rub | 24 UAH |
| Insvada repaglinide | -- | -- |
| Novonorm Repaglinide | 100 tshiav | 90 UAH |
| Cov Chaw Tshaj Tawm Repaglinide | -- | -- |
| Baeta Exenatide | 150 rub | 4600 UAH |
| Baeta Ntev Exenatide | 10248 rub | -- |
| Viktoza liraglutide | 8823 rub | 2900 UAH |
| Saxenda liraglutide | 1374 rub | 13773 UAH |
| Forksiga Dapagliflozin | -- | 18 UAH |
| Forsiga Dapagliflozin | 12 RUB | 3200 UAH |
| Invocana canagliflozin | 13 RUB | 3200 UAH |
| Jardins Empagliflozin | 222 RUB | 561 UAH |
| Trulicity Dulaglutide | 115 RUB | -- |
Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau qhov pheej yig tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj kim?
Txhawm rau kom pom qhov pheej yig cov khoom sib piv rau cov tshuaj, cov dav dav lossis cov lus sau, ua ntej txhua yam peb pom zoo kom them sai sai rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog rau tib cov tshuaj nquag thiab qhia tau rau kev siv. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw zoo ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj yuav qhia tau tias cov tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj, kws tshuaj sib npaug lossis chaw muag tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov ua tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj uas zoo sib xws, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws kho mob, kev noj tshuaj rau nws tus kheej tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau koj kev noj qab haus huv, yog li nco ntsoov sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej siv cov tshuaj.
Diabeton MR Nqe
Ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tus nqi rau MR Diabeton thiab xyuas seb puas muaj ib lub tsev muag tshuaj nyob ze
- Diabeton MR nqe nyob rau hauv Russia
- Diabeton MR nqe hauv Ukraine
- Tus mob ntshav qab zib MR nqe hauv Kazakhstan
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Nws puas tuaj yeem noj zib ntab rau ntshav qab zib hom 2?
Puas yog nws ua tau kom noj zib ntab rau ntshav qab zib hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib? Peb muab rau koj nyeem cov lus ntawm lub ncauj lus: "nws puas tuaj yeem noj zib ntab rau hom ntshav qab zib mellitus rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib" nrog cov lus los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. ... -
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