Mob ntshav qab zib hloov chaw

Tib neeg tau tsim thiab siv cov piam thaj hloov txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thiab txog tam sim no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis me, cov khoom noj ntxiv no muaj teeb meem lossis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis muaj mob kiag li, thiab tib lub sijhawm muab kev xyiv fab hauv lub neej. Tab sis muaj cov sweeteners uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntshav qab zib. Nyeem kab lus no thiab koj yuav nkag siab qhov twg hloov ua piam thaj tuaj yeem siv, thiab hom twg zoo dua tsis tsim nyog. Pom qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom ntuj thiab khoom qab zib.

Txhua yam qab zib "ntuj", tshwj tsis yog stevia, muaj calories ntau. Ntxiv rau, sorbitol thiab xylitol yog 2.5-3 lub sijhawm tsis qab zib dua li cov qab zib cov lus tsis tu ncua, yog li ntawd
thaum siv lawv, yuav tsum ua kom muaj calorie. Rau cov neeg mob rog rog thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2, lawv tsis pom zoo, tsuas yog muaj stevia.

Muaj qhia txog kev noj haus cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj carbohydrate rau hom 1 thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2 muaj nyob ntawm no.

Los ntawm nws cov qauv tshuaj, xylitol yog 5-atomic cawv (pentitol). Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov ntoo thiab ua cov ua liaj ua teb (pob kws cobs). Yog tias peb coj cov khoom qab zib ntawm thaj qab zib (beet lossis cane sugar) hauv ib pawg, tom qab ntawd xylitol qab zib coefficient ze rau cov suab thaj - 0.9-1.0. Nws lub zog yog 3.67 kcal / g (15.3 kJ / g). Nws hloov tawm tias xylitol yog cov khoom qab zib hauv qab zib.

Nws yog cov dawb crystalline hmoov nrog lub qab zib uas tsis muaj qhov qab, ua rau lub siab txias ntawm tus nplaig. Nws yog soluble hauv dej. Hauv txoj hnyuv, nws tsis nqus tag nrho, nce txog 62%. Nws muaj choleretic, laxative thiab - rau cov ntshav qab zib - antiketogennymi kev ua. Thaum pib siv, thaum lub cev tsis siv rau nws, zoo li thaum noj tshuaj ntau dhau lawm, xylitol tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim rau qee cov neeg mob nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm xeev siab, raws plab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua hnub noj yog -45 g, ib - 15 g.
Sorbitol

Nws yog 6-atomic cawv (hexitol). Cov lus sau rau sorbitol yog sorbitol. Nws muaj nyob hauv cov txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv xwm, roob tshauv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv nws. Hauv ntau lawm, cov piam thaj yog ua los ntawm oxidation. Sorbitol yog hmoov ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxiv, muaj dej khov nyob hauv dej thiab tiv taus ib kub npau npau. Cov coefficient ntawm qab zib hauv kev sib piv rau "ntuj" qab zib thaj tsam li 0.48 txog 0.54. Zog tus nqi - 3.5 kcal / g (14.7 kJ / g). Sorbitol yog cov kua qab zib uas muaj calorie.

Nws yog nqus hauv txoj hnyuv 2 zaug qeeb dua li cov piam thaj. Nws assimilates hauv daim siab tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, qhov twg nws yog oxidized los ntawm sorbitol dehydrogenase enzyme rau 1-fructose, uas yog ces tau sib xyaw rau hauv glycolysis. Sorbitol muaj cov txiaj ntsig choleretic thiab laxative. Hloov cov piam thaj nrog sorbitol hauv cov khoom noj ua rau txo cov hniav lwj. Thaum pib ntawm kev siv, thaum lub cev tsis siv rau nws, nrog rau kev noj ntau dhau, cov khoom qab zib no tuaj yeem ua rau lub plab, xeev siab, raws plab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua hnub koob yog 45 g, ib koob tshuaj yog 15 g.
Kho tau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2:

• Yuav kho li cas rau hom ntshav qab zib 2: txheej txheem ib qib zuj zus
• Qhov kev noj haus twg ua raws? Kev sib piv ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj calorie thiab cov zaub mov tsis muaj carbohydrate
• Cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib hom 2: cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws
• Siofor thiab Glucofage ntsiav tshuaj
• Li cas los kawm kom txaus siab rau kev kawm siv lub cev

Kho tau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1:

• Hom 1 kho mob ntshav qab zib rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam
• Yam 1 mob ntshav qab zib
• Honeymoon lub sijhawm thiab yuav ua li cas txuas ntxiv nws
• Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv tshuaj insulin tsis muaj mob
• Mob ntshav qab zib Hom 1 rau menyuam yaus raug kho yam tsis raug siv tshuaj noj kom yog. Xam phaj nrog tsev neeg.
• Yuav ua li cas qeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum

Fructose yog qhov zoo li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib, cov piam thaj txiv ntoo. Nws yog monosaccharide los ntawm pab pawg ntawm ketohexoses. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag polysaccharides thiab oligosaccharides. Nws muaj nyob hauv xwm hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zib ntab, kua txiv ntoo. Fructose tau los ntawm acidic lossis enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm sucrose lossis fructosans. Fructose yog khoom qab zib tshaj li cov piam thaj tsis tu ncua los ntawm 1.3-1.8 npaug, nws qhov ntsuas calorific yog 3.75 kcal / g. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb dawb, tshwm sim dej hauv dej, qee qhov hloov pauv nws cov khoom thaum kub.

Hauv cov hnyuv, fructose yog nqus qeeb qeeb dua cov piam thaj, nce cov khw muag khoom ntawm glycogen hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab muaj cov nyhuv antiketogenic. Nws tau sau tseg tias hloov nws nrog qab zib hauv kev noj zaub mov ua rau muaj kev txo qis tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho caries. Ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum siv fructose, qee zaum tsuas yog pom zoo li cas. Fructose raug tso cai nyob rau hauv ntau txog 50 g toj ib hnub rau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib los yog ntshav nrog ntshav qab zib tsawg rau nws txoj kev pab.

Saib xyuas! Fructose ua rau cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau! Siv lub 'meter' thiab pom koj tus kheej. Peb tsis pom zoo siv nws rau ntshav qab zib, zoo li lwm yam khoom qab zib "ntuj". Siv cov khoom qab zib sib txuas.

Tsis txhob yuav lossis noj "khoom noj ntshav qab zib" uas muaj fructose. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no yog nrog hyperglycemia, kev txhim kho ntawm decompensation ntawm ntshav qab zib. Fructose yog maj mam phosphorylated thiab tsis txhawb cov tshuaj insulin secretion. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev siv yuav ua rau muaj qhov rhiab ntawm beta hlwb ntxiv rau cov piam thaj thiab xav tau kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj insulin.

Muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm fructose rau lipid metabolism thiab tias nws glycosylates cov protein ntau dua li cov piam thaj. Tag nrho cov no taw qhia kom tsis txhob pom zoo kom dav rau ntawm kev fructose hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib raug tso cai siv fructose tsuas yog them nyiaj rau tus mob zoo.

Kev tsis tshua muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm fructose diphosphataldolase enzyme ua rau fructose intolerance syndrome - fructosemia. Tus mob no nthuav qhia nws tus kheej rau cov neeg mob xeev siab, ntuav, ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog, daj ntseg. Fructose yog nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob ntawd.

Stevia yog tsob ntoo los ntawm tsev neeg Asteraceae, ib qho ntawm cov npe uas yog qab zib bifurcation. Lub tebchaws ntawm stevia yog Paraguay thiab Brazil, qhov twg nws tau siv los ua cov kua qab zib rau ntau pua xyoo. Tam sim no, stevia tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb thiab khoom noj khoom haus thoob ntiaj teb. Stevia muaj cov roj calorie tsawg-glycosides nrog lub qab zib.

Qhov muab rho tawm los ntawm stevia nplooj - saccharol - yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov kev ua kom huv ntau yam glycide deterpenic. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb dawb, soluble hauv dej, tiv taus tshav kub. 1 g ntawm stevia extract - sucrose - yog sib npaug hauv qab zib rau 300 g suab thaj. Muaj cov saj qab, tsis ua rau kev nce ntshav qab zib, tsis muaj lub zog siv.

Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kev sim thiab kev kho mob tsis tau qhia txog cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv stevia extract. Ntxiv rau kev coj ua cov khoom qab zib, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau sau tseg txog nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo: hypotensive (txo qis ntshav siab), cov diuretic nyhuv, antimicrobial, antifungicidal (tawm tsam fungi) cov nyhuv thiab lwm tus.

Stevia yog siv los ua hmoov ntawm cov nplooj stevia (zib ntab stevia). Nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau txhua lub tais uas cov piam thaj ib txwm siv, hauv kev sib txuas ua ke. 1/3 me nyuam diav stevia hmoov sib raug rau 1 teaspoon suab thaj. Txhawm rau npaj 1 khob dej qab zib, nws pom zoo kom ncuav 1/3 me nyuam diav ntawm hmoov nrog dej npau thiab tawm li 5-10 feeb.

Txoj kev lis ntshav (mloog zoo) tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm cov hmoov ntawd: 1 me nyuam diav ntawm cov hmoov tau nchuav rau hauv lub khob ntawm cov dej npau npau thiab muab rhaub hauv cov dej da dej rau 15 feeb, txias ntawm chav sov, lim. Stevia Txoj kev lis ntshav yog ntxiv rau kev suav, teas, cov khoom siv mis ua kom saj.

Nws yog ib qho tshuaj aspartic acid ester dipeptide thiab L-phenylalanine. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb dawb, soluble hauv dej. Nws tsis ruaj khov thiab poob nws cov qab zib thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis. Aspartame yog 150-200 zaug hws dua li sucrose. Nws tus ntsuas tsis tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, muab qhov ntau tsawg rau kev siv. Kev siv cov tshuaj aspartame tiv thaiv kev txhim kho hniav caries. Thaum ua ke nrog saccharin, nws cov qab zib saj yog txhim kho.

Aspartame yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe Slastilin, hauv ib cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj 0.018 g ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Kev nyab xeeb txhua hnub kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm aspartame yog qhov siab heev - txog 50 mg / kg lub cev hnyav. Contraindicated hauv phenylketonuria. Hauv cov neeg mob nrog Parkinson tus kab mob, nrog rau cov kev txom nyem los ntawm insomnia, hyperkinesis, kub siab, aspartame yuav pib tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam neurological.

Nws yog ib qho muab tso ntawm sulfobenzoic acid. Nws cov ntsev ntsev yog siv dawb, cov hmoov yog soluble hauv dej. Nws cov khoom qab zib yog los ntawm qhov iab me ntsis, ntev mus ntev tsw, uas tshem tawm nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm saccharin thiab dextrose tsis. Thaum npau npau, saccharin kis tau los ntawm kev saj, yog li nws yog yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab kev daws tau ntxiv rau cov zaub mov tiav. 1 g ntawm saccharin rau qab zib sib raug rau 450 g suab thaj.
Raws li cov khoom qab zib siv tau ntev txog 100 xyoo thiab yog to taub zoo. Hauv txoj hnyuv, 80 txog 90% ntawm cov tshuaj tau nqus thiab khaws cia hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm yuav luag txhua yam kabmob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog tsim hauv lub zais zis. Qhov no tej zaum yog vim li cas mob zais zis tsim hauv kev sim tsiaj nrog saccharin. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej los ntawm American Medical Association tau ua rau nws tuaj yeem kho kho tshuaj, uas qhia tias nws tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg.

Tam sim no nws ntseeg tias cov neeg mob tsis muaj mob rau daim siab thiab ob lub raum tuaj yeem haus saccharin txog 150 mg / hnub, 1 ntsiav tshuaj muaj nws 12-25 mg. Saccharin ua tawm hauv lub cev los ntawm lub raum hauv cov zis tsis hloov pauv. Ib nrab-lub neej ntawm nws los ntawm cov ntshav yog luv - 20-30 feeb. 10-20% ntawm saccharin, tsis nqus rau hauv txoj hnyuv, ua rau hauv cov quav tsis hloov.

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ua rau mob carcinogenic tsis muaj zog, saccharin tau lees paub nrog lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam cov kabmob loj hlob tuaj. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, suav nrog Ukraine, saccharin tsis siv nyob hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv. Nws raug tso cai siv nws tsuas yog siv nyiaj tsawg nrog lwm cov khoom qab zib, piv txwv, 0.004 g ntawm saccharin nrog 0.04 g ntawm cyclamate (Zyukli). Qhov siab tshaj plaws niaj hnub noj ntawm saccharin yog 0.0025 g ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav.

Nws yog cov ntsev ntsev ntawm cyclohexylaminosulfate. Nws yog hmoov nrog lub qab zib thiab saj me ntsis, zoo soluble hauv dej. Cyclamate yog lub zog ruaj khov rau qhov kub txog 260 ° C. Nws yog 30-25 zaug hws dua li sucrose, thiab hauv cov kev daws teeb meem muaj cov organic acids (hauv cov kua txiv, piv txwv), 80 zaug sweeter. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw nrog saccharin (qhov sib piv ib txwm yog 10: 1, piv txwv, Tsukli qab zib hloov). Cov koob tshuaj nyab xeeb yog 5-10 mg ib hnub twg.

Tsuas yog 40% ntawm cyclamate yog nqus rau hauv txoj hnyuv, tom qab ntawd nws, zoo li saccharin, tsim tawm hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm feem ntau cov plab hnyuv siab raum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv lub zais zis. Qhov no tej zaum yog vim li cas, zoo ib yam li saccharin, cyclamate ua rau zais zis hauv cov tsiaj sim. Ntxiv rau, cov nyhuv gonadotoxic tau pom nyob hauv txoj kev sim.

Peb tau sau cov npe rau cov khoom qab zib tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, muaj txhua hom tshiab uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho ntshav qab zib nrog cov zaub mov tsis muaj rog lossis noj tsawg. Raws li kev noj, stevia tawm sab saum toj, ua raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog sib xyaw ntawm cyclamate thiab saccharin. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov khoom qab zib tsis yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom ua tiav ntawm tus neeg mob lub neej, txhim kho lub palatability ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab txoj kev nyob ntawm qhov noj haus ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv.