Tshuaj rau txo cov ntshav qab zib hauv ntshav qab zib
Cov tshuaj rau ntshav qab zib tau xaiv nyob ntawm hom mob, uas tau muab faib ua 2 hom: cov tshuaj insulin thiab tsis xav kom siv cov tshuaj insulin. Ua ntej pib txoj kev kho mob, kawm txog kev faib tawm cov tshuaj muaj ntshav qab zib kom qis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua pab pawg thiab contraindications rau kev siv.
Kev noj tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib lub neej.
Kev faib tawm cov ntsiav tshuaj rau cov ntshav qab zib
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yog kom muaj suab thaj nyob rau theem ntawm 4.0-5.5 mmol / L. Rau qhov no, ntxiv rau kev ua raws li kev noj zaub mov noj kom tsawg thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev ib txwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj kom raug.
Cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav qab zib tau muab faib ua ntau pawg tseem ceeb.
Derivatives ntawm sulfonylureas
Cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib no ua rau lub cev tsis muaj teeb meem vim qhov raug cov kab mob hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm rau tsim cov tshuaj insulin hauv cov txiav ua ke. Txhais tau tias cov pab pawg no txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Maninil - cov tshuaj pheej yig rau cov ntshav qab zib
Cov npe ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws kev coj ua ntawm sulfonylurea:
Npe | Nkag Tawm Cov Cai | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Nqe, rubles |
Lawj xeeb | Thaum pib kho, noj 1 lub tshuaj ib hnub nrog zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem raug nce rau 2-3 daim ib hnub | Coma, cev xeeb tub, raum thiab mob siab | 30 | 294 |
Glurenorm | Thawj koob tshuaj yog 0.5 ntsiav tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov thaum noj tshais. Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, qhov nyiaj nce mus rau 4 daim ib hnub | Cov kabmob thiab kev pub mis niam, coma thiab kev mob nkeeg ntawm tus poj koob yawm txwv, ntshav qab zib acidosis | 60 | 412 |
Maninil | Lub koob tshuaj yog li 0.5 txog 3 ntsiav tshuaj. | Ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, mob plab hnyuv, lub raum thiab hepatic tsis ua haujlwm, cev xeeb tub, mob leukopenia, kab mob kis | 120 | 143 |
Amaril | Haus 1-4 mg ntawm cov tshuaj ib hnub, haus cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog haus dej ntau | Lub siab ua haujlwm thiab lub raum ua haujlwm, galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, tsis nco qab | 30 | 314 |
Glidiab | Noj 1 teev 1 pluas noj ua ntej noj mov thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj | Lub plab hnyuv, mob leukopenia, pathologies ntawm lub raum thiab mob siab ntawm daim ntawv mob hnyav, tsis kam rau gliclazide, menyuam kev coj tus kheej thiab pub mis, cov kab mob qog, kev quav cawv | 739 |
Meglitinides
Cov tshuaj noj rau cov ntshav qab zib ntawm pab pawg no zoo sib xws hauv kev kho mob rau sulfanilurea derivatives thiab txhawb kev tsim tawm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Lawv ua tau yog nyob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib.
Novonorm xav tau rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin
Sau cov meglitinides zoo:
Npe | Txoj kev txais tos kev | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Tus nqi, rubles |
Novonorm | Haus 0.5 mg ntawm cov tshuaj 20 feeb ua ntej noj mov. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov koob tshuaj tau nce 1 zaug hauv ib lis piam mus rau 4 mg | Cov kab mob sib kis, mob ntshav qab zib tsis xeev thiab ketoacidosis, menyuam kabmob thiab pub mis, ua rau lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo | 30 | 162 |
Starlix | Noj 1 qho 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov loj | Lub hnub nyoog txog 18 xyoo, cev xeeb tub, lactation, nateglinide intolerance, mob siab | 84 | 2820 |
Hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib insulin-tso ntshav qab zib, meglitinides tsis siv.
Cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg no tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tso cov piam thaj los ntawm lub siab thiab pab nws txoj kev nqus tau zoo hauv cov nqaij hauv lub cev.
Ib cov tshuaj noj rau cov piam thaj zoo dua
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws biguanides:
Npe | Txoj kev txais tos kev | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Tus nqi, rubles |
Metformin | Haus 1 pluas tom qab noj mov. Koj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv qhov koob tshuaj tom qab 10-15 hnub ntawm kev kho mob rau 3 ntsiav tshuaj | Lub hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoo, kev ua tub rog, poj koob yawm txwv, kev ua haujlwm siab rau lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj, myocardial infarction, lactic acidosis, cawv, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation | 60 | 248 |
Siofor | Nqa 1-2 daim nrog dej kom ntau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws niaj hnub noj yog 6 ntsiav tshuaj. Siv rau qhov hnyav hauv ntshav qab zib | Yam 1 ntshav qab zib mellitus, lub raum, ua pa thiab lub siab tsis ua haujlwm, cov kab mob lactic acidosis, noj zaub mov kom tsawg, mob ntshav qab zib, muaj menyuam yaus thiab pub mis, myocardial infarction, kev phais tsis ntev los no | 314 | |
Ntsia hauv qab | Thaum pib ntawm kev kho mob, noj 1-2 ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub, tom qab 15 hnub koj tuaj yeem nce lub koob ntxiv rau 4 daim ib hnub | 162 |
Thiazolidinediones
Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm tib cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev ua biguanides. Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog cov nqi ntau dua thiab zoo siab pom cov phiv.
Ib qho kim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev zom zaub mov hauv qab zib
Cov no suav nrog:
Npe | Nkag Tawm Cov Cai | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Nqe, rubles |
Av ‡ Q | Thawj 1.5 lub hlis kom haus 1 daim ib hnub, tom qab ntawd, yog tias tsim nyog, qhov koob tshuaj tau nce rau 2 ntsiav tshuaj hauv ib hnub | Kev ua haujlwm siab rau rosiglitazone, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, kab mob siab, galactose tsis haum, cev xeeb tub, pub mis niam | 28 | 4820 |
Aktos | Txhob haus txog 0.5-1 pieces hauv ib hnub | Kab mob hauv lub plawv, hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo, tsis kam lees rau cov khoom xyaw tshuaj, ketoacidosis, cev xeeb tub | 3380 | |
Pioglar | Siv 1 lub tshuaj txhua hnub nrog lossis tsis noj mov. | Pioglitazone thev tsis tau, ketoacidosis, kabmob ib tus menyuam yaus | 30 | 428 |
Thiazolidinediones tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo hauv kev kho mob hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Cov tshuaj tshiab uas pab kom muaj cov insulin ntau ntxiv thiab tso cov suab thaj los ntawm lub siab.
Galvus xav tau los tso tawm suab thaj los ntawm lub siab
Daim ntawv ua hauj lwm zoo glyptins:
Npe | Cov lus qhia phau ntawv | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Nqe, rubles |
Januvia | Haus 1 ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub twg thaum twg los tau. | Hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo, tsis kam haus rau cov tshuaj, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, mob plawv, raum thiab mob siab | 28 | 1754 |
Galvus | Nqa 1-2 daim ib hnub | 812 |
Januvia kom txo qis ntshav qab zib
Alpha Tus Hauv Paus - Glucosidases
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob niaj hnub no tiv thaiv kev tsim tawm ntawm cov roj ntsha (enzyme) uas ua rau kev zom cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig, yog li txo tus nqi ntawm kev nqus ntawm polysaccharides. Cov tshuaj txhawm rau pom los ntawm yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev phiv thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub cev.
Cov no suav nrog:
Npe | Cov lus qhia phau ntawv | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Tus nqi, rubles |
Glucobay | Haus 1 daim 3 zaug ib hnub ua ntej noj mov | Kab mob ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv, ua kom lub plab zom mov, cev xeeb tub, lactation, qis dua 18 xyoo, mob rwj, mob hnyuv | 30 | 712 |
Miglitol | Thaum pib ntawm txoj kev kho, 1 ntsiav tshuaj thaum mus pw, yog tias tsim nyog, qhov koob tshuaj tau nce rau 6 ntsiav tshuaj, muab faib ua 3 koob | 846 |
Cov tshuaj saum toj saud tuaj yeem coj los ua ke nrog cov tshuaj ntawm lwm pab pawg thiab tshuaj insulin.
Sodium - piam thaj cotransporter inhibitors
Qhov tseeb tiam ntawm cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav qab zib kom tsawg. Cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg no ua rau lub raum ua kom cov kua nplaum tawm nrog cov zis nyob rau ib lub sijhawm thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov piam thaj hauv ntshav yog li ntawm 6 txog 8 mmol / l.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ua rau txo cov ntshav qab zib
Daim ntawv teev cov npe Glyphlosins:
Npe | Txoj kev txais tos kev | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Tus nqi, rubles |
Forsyga | Haus 1 tauj ib hnub | Kab mob hauv lub plawv, myocardial infarction, cawv intoxication, hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, cev xeeb tub, lactation, metabolic acidosis, intolerance thiab lactase deficiency | 30 | 3625 |
Jardins | Siv 1 lub tshuaj txhua hnub. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov koob tshuaj tau nce rau 2 daim | 2690 |
Cov tshuaj sib xyaw
Cov tshuaj noj uas suav nrog metformin thiab glyptins. Cov npe ntawm cov txhais tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke:
Npe | Txoj kev txais tos kev | Cov Yuav Tsum Muaj | Kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim | Tus nqi, rubles |
Janumet | Siv 2 lub tshuaj txhua hnub nrog zaub mov | Cev xeeb tub, pub mis rau menyuam noj, hom ntshav qab zib hom 1, ua rau lub raum khiav tsis zoo, haus dej cawv, tsis haum rau cov tshuaj | 56 | 2920 |
Galvus Met | 30 | 1512 |
Tsis txhob noj tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke yam tsis tsim nyog - sim muab kev nyiam rau kev nyab xeeb loj dua.
Ntshav qab zib ua ke
Cov tshuaj insulin lossis cov tshuaj - uas zoo dua rau cov ntshav qab zib?
Hauv kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, tshuaj insulin yog siv, kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob hom 2 ntawm daim ntawv tsis meej yog ua raws li kev noj tshuaj rau kev ua kom cov ntshav qab zib.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj piv rau kev txhaj tshuaj:
- yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab cia,
- tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob thaum lub sijhawm txais tos,
- kev tswj hwm ntuj.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj insulin yog qhov ua kom sai thiab muaj peev xwm xaiv hom insulin tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob.
Kev siv tshuaj insulin yog siv los ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib yog tias txoj kev kho tshuaj tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tom qab noj cov suab thaj hauv lub cev nce mus txog 9 mmol / L.
Cov tshuaj insulin tsuas yog siv thaum cov tshuaj tsis pab
“Kuv tau muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 tau 3 xyoos. Txhawm rau cov ntshav qab zib kom zoo, ntxiv rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, Kuv noj cov tshuaj Metformin. Raws li rau kuv, qhov no yog txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntshav qab zib ntawm tus nqi pheej yig. Ib tug phooj ywg haus cov tshuaj no tom haujlwm tuaj txhawm rau kho ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab zoo siab nrog qhov tshwm sim no. "
“Kuv muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, uas kuv tau kho rau ntau xyoo nrog tshuaj Januvia, thiab tom qab ntawd Glucobaya. Thaum xub thawj, cov tshuaj no pab kuv, tab sis tsis ntev los no kuv tus mob loj tuaj. Kuv hloov mus rau cov tshuaj insulin - cov piam thaj index poob rau 6 mmol / l. Kuv kuj mus noj zaub mov thiab mus ncaws pob. "
“Raws li kev soj ntsuam, tus kws kho mob tau qhia tias kuv muaj ntshav qab zib cov ntshav siab. Cov kev kho mob muaj kev noj haus, kev ua si nawv, thiab Miglitol. Kuv tau haus cov tshuaj no rau 2 lub hlis tam sim no - qib piam thaj tau rov qab zoo li qub, kuv txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau zoo tuaj. Cov tshuaj zoo, tab sis kim me ntsis rau kuv. ”
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg nrog kev tawm dag zog thiab kev kho kom raug yog qhov pab ua kom cov ntshav qab zib hauv ntshav qab zib hom 2 nyob ruaj khov.
Thaum tsis muaj kev mob tshwm sim, muab qhov kev nyiam rau cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj metformin - lawv ua rau cov piam thaj nyob qis nrog kev mob tshwm sim tsawg kawg. Kev noj thiab npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau hom 1 yog xam los ntawm tus kws kho mob, suav txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob tus kab mob.
Npaum kab lus no
(2 ntsuas, nruab nrab 5,00 tawm ntawm 5)
Hom tshuaj los txo cov ntshav qab zib
Cov tshuaj kom txo cov ntshav qab zib tau muab faib ua pawg loj raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Cov lus zais - nquag tso cov insulin los ntawm pancreatic cells. Lawv sai txo cov ntshav qab zib. Lawv tau faib ua sulfonylurea derivatives (Hymepiride, Glycvidon, Glibenclamide) thiab methyl glinides (Nateglinide, Repaglinide)
- Kev nkag siab - nce qhov rhiab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Lawv muab faib ua biguanides (metformin) thiab thiazolidones (pioglitazone).
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - cuam tshuam nrog kev nqus ntawm insulin hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev mob hnyuv. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho mob ntshav qab zib. Acarobase belongs rau cov pab pawg no.
- Cov tshuaj tshiab ntawm lub cim tshiab - cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, txhim kho cov synthesis ntawm endogenous insulin. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog Lyraglutide.
- Cov tshuaj ntsuab siv tshuaj ntsuab - suav nrog cov txiv ntseej, txiv kab ntxwv, oats, blueberries.
Sulfonylureas
Tshuaj rau txo qis ntshav qab zib los ntawm sulfonylurea derivatives pab pawg tso tawm cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv cov ntshav, uas ua rau qis qis ntawm glycemia. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yog raws li kev tsim tawm ntawm insulin secretion, txo qis qis dua rau kev txiav txim siab rau pancreatic beta-cell glucose voos. Cov kev txwv tsis pub siv rau cov tshuaj yog:
- kev sib xyaw ua ke rau kev sib xyaw,
- ntshav qab zib hom 1
- ketoacidosis, precoma, coma,
- mob tom qab kuaj cov nqaij leeg nqaij,
- leukopenia, hnyuv rhuav tshem,
- plab txiav
- cev xeeb tub, lactation.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj yog npaj rau kev siv qhov ncauj. Qhov tshuaj thawj zaug yog 1 mg ib hnub twg, txhua 1-2 lub lis piam nws tau nce mus rau 2, 3 lossis 4 mg txhua hnub, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 6 mg ib hnub, ntxuav nrog ib nrab dej khob. Cov peev txheej ntawm sulfonylureas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog insulin, metformin. Cov kev kho mob kav ntev. Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj: hypoglycemia, xeev siab, ntuav, daj ntseg, kab mob siab, thrombocytopenia. Thaum kho, ua xua, tawm pob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob sib koom tes, qhov muag tau zoo. Derivatives ntawm sulfonylureas suav nrog:
Thiazolindione
Cov tshuaj noj kom txo qis ntshav qab zib los ntawm cov pab pawg thiazolinedione muaj glitazones, uas txo cov tshuaj insulin, thiab xaiv kev ua rau gamma receptors. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv glucogenesis hauv daim siab, txhim kho glycemic tswj. Cov tshuaj yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv daim siab tsis ua hauj lwm, cev xeeb tub, pub niam mis, ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis.
Kev noj tshuaj ntev dua li ib xyoos nyob rau hauv kab yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias lawv provoke cov tsos mob qog. Cov ntsiav tshuaj yog npaj rau qhov ncauj noj ib hnub ib zaug, tsis hais noj mov li cas. Thawj koob tshuaj yog 15-30 mg, maj mam nce ntxiv txog 45 mg. Lawv cov kev mob tshwm sim yog ua rau daim siab ua haujlwm, kab mob siab, ua kom pom kev tsis pom kev, tsis pom kev zoo, tsis muaj ntshav, mob ntshav tawm hws, thiab tawm hws. Cov nyiaj pab pawg muaj:
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Tshuaj rau txo cov ntshav qab zib los ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm alpha-glucosidase inhibitors muaj qhov ua kom tsis txhob mob ntshav vim qhov ua rau inhibition ntawm txoj hnyuv alpha-glucosidases. Cov enzymes zom saccharides, uas ua rau lub qeeb ntawm qhov nqus ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov piam thaj, qhov txo qis hauv nruab nrab thiab niaj hnub hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav qab zib. Cov ntsiav tshuaj yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv kev mob siab rau lub cev sib xyaw ua ke, mob plab hnyuv muaj kab mob, Romgeld's mob, hernias loj, nqaim thiab mob plab, qis dua 18 xyoo, cev xeeb tub, lactation.
Cov txhais tau hais tias noj ntawm qhov ncauj ua ntej noj mov, ntxuav nrog kua dej kom ntau. Thawj koob tshuaj yog ½-1 ntsiav tshuaj 1-3 zaug, tom qab ntawd nws nce mus rau 1-2 ntsiav tshuaj peb zaug ib hnub. Kev phiv los ntawm cov tshuaj yog pancreatitis, dyspepsia, kev ua si ntawm daim siab enzymes ntau dua. Txhais tau tias muaj:
Incretinomimetics
Cov tshuaj muaj ntshav qab zib rau hom 2 ntshav qab zib kom ntshav qabzib tsawg dua. Tus subspecies ntawm incretin mimetics yog nthuav tawm hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab kev txhaj tshuaj (cwj mem kua roj) cov qauv. Lawv cov kev ua haujlwm los txhawb cov islet apparatus ntawm lub txiav, xaiv inhibit ib co enzymes, uas ua rau lub zais ntawm glucan-zoo li peptide. Qhov no pab txhim kho cov piam thaj hauv cov piam thaj ntawm cov insulin, cov txiav ua ke, thiab txo qis hauv insulin tsis kam.
Pab pawg tshuaj siv rau kev mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 nkaus xwb. Lawv tau raug qhov tsis pom tseeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nkauj, txog 18 xyoo. Kev txhais tau siv nrog ceev faj hauv kev ua txhaum loj ntawm lub siab, cov keeb tiv thaiv tsis haum galactose. Rau cov mob ntshav qab zib me, 50-100 mg txhua hnub yog qhia, rau cov ntshav qab zib hnyav, 100 mg ib hnub ib zaug. Yog tias qhov koob tshuaj tsawg dua 100 mg - nws tau noj ib zaug thaum sawv ntxov, txwv tsis pub - nyob rau hauv ob zaug noj thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj.
Nws tsis tau tsim seb cov tshuaj puas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab, yog li nws tsis tsim nyog yuav coj lawv thaum cev xeeb tub lossis lactation. Cov mob tshwm sim: kab mob siab, mob cholestatic daj ntseg, xeev siab, ntuav, dyspepsia. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov pab pawg no: